Birth mode is associated with earliest strain-conferred gut microbiome functions and immunostimulatory potential
Open accessAbstract
The rate of caesarean section delivery (CSD) is increasing worldwide. It remains unclear whether disruption of mother-to-neonate transmission of microbiota through CSD occurs and whether it affects human physiology. Here we perform metagenomic analysis of earliest gut microbial community structures and functions. We identify differences in encoded functions between microbiomes of vaginally delivered (VD) and CSD neonates. Several functional pathways are over-represented in VD neonates, including lipopolysaccharide (LPS) biosynthesis. We link these enriched functions to individual-specific strains, which are transmitted from mothers to neonates in case of VD. The stimulation of primary human immune cells with LPS isolated from early stool samples of VD neonates results in higher levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF-α) and interleukin 18 (IL-18). Accordingly, the observed levels of TNF-α and IL-18 in neonatal blood plasma are higher after VD. Taken together, our results support that CSD disrupts mother-to-neonate transmission of specific microbial strains, linked functional repertoires and immune-stimulatory potential during a critical window for neonatal immune system priming.
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Important factors such as age, birth method or delivery route, antibiotic use, and diet shape the gut microbiota.
“Important factors such as age, birth method, antibiotic use, and diet have been established as formative factors that shape the gut microbiota.”
From The athletic gut microbiota (2020) · cites this paper as [10]
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Morais, L. H., Golubeva, A. V., Moloney, G. M., Moya-Pérez, A., Ventura-Silva, A. P., Arboleya, S., Bastiaanssen, T. F. S., O’Sullivan, O., Rea, K., Borre, Y., et al. (2020) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2020.07.044 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Andreu-Sánchez, S., Blanco-Míguez, A., Wang, D., Golzato, D., Manghi, P., Heidrich, V., Fackelmann, G., Zhernakova, D. V., Kurilshikov, A., Valles-Colomer, M., et al. (2025) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2025.04.014 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
A preliminary study of gut microbiome variation and HPA axis reactivity in healthy infants
Rosin, S., Xia, K., Azcarate-Peril, M. A., Carlson, A. L., Propper, C. B., Thompson, A. L., Grewen, K., & Knickmeyer, R. C. (2021) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.105046 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Between Dysbiosis, Maternal Immune Activation and Autism: Is There a Common Pathway?
Suprunowicz, M., Tomaszek, N., Urbaniak, A., Zackiewicz, K., Modzelewski, S., & Waszkiewicz, N. (2024) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu16040549 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
- Authors
- Wampach, L., Heintz-Buschart, A., Fritz, J. V., Ramiro-Garcia, J., Habier, J., Herold, M., Narayanasamy, S., Kaysen, A., Hogan, A. H., Bindl, L., Bottu, J., Halder, R., Sjöqvist, C., May, P., Andersson, A. F., de Beaufort, C., & Wilmes, P.
- Affiliations
- University of Luxembourg (LU)
- Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg (LU)
- Integrated Biobank of Luxembourg (LU)
- Åbo Akademi University (FI)
- Science for Life Laboratory (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Wilmes, Paul
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature Communications
- Published
- 2018-11-30
- Volume
- 9
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 5091-5091
- ISSN
- 2041-1723 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6269548
- OpenAlex
- W2902904448
- Cited by
- 292
- References
- 82
- Citations by year
- 2026: 27 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 41 · 2023: 36 · 2022: 43 · 2021: 38 · 2020: 56 · 2019: 20
- FWCI
- 10.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Nature Communications (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Open Repository and Bibliography (University of Luxembourg) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- Åbo Akademi University Research Portal (submittedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Université du Luxembourg
- Integrated BioBank of Luxembourg
- Fonds National de la Recherche Luxembourg (C15/SR/10404839, ATTRACT/A09/03, AFR PHD-2013-5824125, AFR PHD-2014-1/7934898, PHD-2014-1/7934898, CORE/C15/SR/10404839, A09/03)
- International Council for Canadian Studies
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Infant Nutrition and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Maternal and Perinatal Health Interventions
- Keywords
- cesarean section, vaginal delivery, neonatal gut microbiota, lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, TNF-α, IL-18, early life microbial exposure
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Cesarean Section, Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Lipopolysaccharides, Pregnancy, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, Interleukin-18, Delivery, Obstetric, Metagenomics, In Vitro Techniques
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