Cited by 1,434Cystic Fibrosis Research AdvancesPancreatitis Pathology and TreatmentSalivary Gland Disorders and Functions

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A TEST FOR CONCENTRATION OF ELECTROLYTES IN SWEAT IN CYSTIC FIBROSIS OF THE PANCREAS UTILIZING PILOCARPINE BY IONTOPHORESIS

Gibson, Lewis E., Cooke, Robert E.·1959·Pediatrics

DOI 10.1542/peds.23.3.545

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Abstract

A method of performing the test for chloride or sodium in the sweat of patients with cystic fibrosis of the pancreas is presented. It utilizes pilocarpine by iontophoresis and has the advantage of being both rapid and painless. Data are presented to show that the method is reliable.

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Genotype/phenotype correlation of the G85E mutation in a large cohort of cystic fibrosis patients
Decaestecker, K., Decaestecker, E., Castellani, C., et al. (2004) · European Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1183/09031936.04.00014804 · Cited by 27
Long-term clearance from small airways in patients with cystic fibrosis
Lindström, M., Camner, P., Falk, R., et al. (2005) · European Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1183/09031936.05.00120103 · Cited by 27
Decreased sweat production in cystinosis
Gahl, W. A., Hubbard, V. S., & Orloff, S. (1984) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(84)80494-1 · Cited by 27
Diagnosis of Cystic Fibrosis in Premature Infants
King, A., Mueller, R. F., Heeley, A. F., et al. (1986) · Pediatric Research · doi:10.1203/00006450-198606000-00011 · Cited by 27
Screening for cystic fibrosis in newborn infants: results of a pilot programme based on a two tier protocol (IRT/DNA/IRT) in the Italian population
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Aspergillus allergy and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis in cystic fibrosis
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“The diagnosis of CF had been substantiated by the sweat iontophoresis test with sweat sodium concentrations of > 70 mmol/l on at least 2 specimens of > 100 mg of sweat (8).”
Background
A Salt-losing Syndrome in Infancy: Pseudo-Hypoadrenocorticalism
Raine, D. N., & Roy, J. (1962) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/adc.37.195.548 · Cited by 27
“The sweat test was performed using iontophoresis of pilocarpine (Gibson and Cooke, 1959).”
Method
Clinical and Genotypical Features of False-Negative Patients in 26 Years of Cystic Fibrosis Neonatal Screening in Tuscany, Italy
Taccetti, G., Botti, M., Terlizzi, V., et al. (2020) · Diagnostics · doi:10.3390/diagnostics10070446 · Cited by 26
Alternative Routes of Drug Administration— Advantages and Disadvantages (Subject Review)
Zempsky, W. T. (1998) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.101.4.730 · Cited by 26
Amiloride‐insensitive nasal potential difference varies with the menstrual cycle in cystic fibrosis
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“The diagnosis of CF was based on a typical clinical picture and confirmed by repeated sweat chloride values >60 mEq/l as determined by pilocarpine ionophoresis (minimum 100 mg sweat) according to Gibson and Cooke.(5) All subjects had regular, normal menses and were pancreatic insufficient.”
Method
Cystic fibrosis in Uruguay
Luzardo, G., Aznarez, I., Crispino, B., et al. (2002) · Genetics and Molecular Research · doi:10.4238/vol1-1gmr003 · Cited by 26
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Background
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Gonska, T. Y., Choi, P., Stephenson, A. L., Ellis, L. E., Martin, S., Solomon, M. P., Dupuis, A., Dorfman, R., Zielenski, J., Ooi, C. Y., et al. (2012) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.11-2543 · Cited by 24
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“and analysis by di Sant'Agnese [39], was refined to a safer method by Gibson and Cooke [51].”
Method
Determination of inorganic sulfate in human saliva and sweat by controlled-flow anion chromatography
Cole, D. E. C., & Landry, D. A. (1985) · Journal of Chromatography B Biomedical Sciences and Applications · doi:10.1016/0378-4347(85)80040-2 · Cited by 26
Painless Venipuncture. A Clinical Trial of Iontophoresis of Lidocaine for Venipuncture in Blood Donors
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“In 1959, Gibson & Cooke (2) introduced iontophoresis into clinical practice.”
Background
Spectrum of CFTR mutations in Argentine cystic fibrosis patients
Chertkoff, L., Visich, A., Bienvenu, T., Grenoville, M., Segal, E., Carniglia, L., Kaplan, J., & Barreiro, C. (1997) · Clinical Genetics · doi:10.1111/j.1399-0004.1997.tb02413.x · Cited by 25
Spectrum of Mutations in the CFTR Gene of Patients with Classical and Atypical Forms of Cystic Fibrosis from Southwestern Sweden: Identification of 12 Novel Mutations
Strandvik, B., Björck, E., Fallström, M., et al. (2001) · Genetic Testing · doi:10.1089/10906570152742290 · Cited by 26
“Out of 129 patients investigated, 125 (65 male and 60 female) presented with classical clinical manifestations in conjunction with an elevated sweat test (Gibson and Cooke, 1959).”
Oxygen consumption and evaporative water loss in infants with congenital heart disease.
Kennaird, D. L. (1976) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/adc.51.1.34 · Cited by 26
Cystic fibrosis phenotype evaluation and paternity outcome in 50 males with congenital bilateral absence of vas deferens
Josserand, R. N., Bey-Omar, F., ROLLET, J., et al. (2001) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/16.10.2093 · Cited by 26
Familial cholestasis with elevated sweat electrolyte concentations
Lloyd‐Still, J. D. (1981) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(81)80261-2 · Cited by 26
Chemotherapy of Chronic Infections with Mucoid Pseudomonas Aeruginosa in Lower Airways of Patients with Cystic Fibrosis
Friis, B. (1979) · Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.3109/inf.1979.11.issue-3.07 · Cited by 26
A double blind lipase for lipase comparison of a high lipase and standard pancreatic enzyme preparation in cystic fibrosis.
Bowler, I. M., Wolfe, S. P., Owens, H., et al. (1993) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/adc.68.2.227 · Cited by 26
The Significance of the Sweat Test in Chronic Pancreatitis
Hanawa, M., Takebe, T., TAKAHASHI, S. Y., et al. (1978) · The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1620/tjem.125.59 · Cited by 26
A serum test for cystic fibrosis using monoclonal antibody 19-9
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A wearable paper-integrated microfluidic device for sequential analysis of sweat based on capillary action
Abbasiasl, T., Mirlou, F., Istif, E., Koydemir, H. C., & Beker, L. (2022) · Sensors & Diagnostics · doi:10.1039/d2sd00032f · Cited by 27
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Servidoni, M. F., Gomez, C. C. S., Marson, F. A. L., Toro, A. A. D. C., Ribeiro, M. Â. G. D. O., Ribeiro, J. D., & Ribeiro, A. F. (2017) · Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia · doi:10.1590/s1806-37562016000000076 · Cited by 26
The relationship between sweat chloride levels and mortality in cystic fibrosis varies by individual genotype
Espel, J. C., Palac, H., Bharat, A., et al. (2017) · Journal of Cystic Fibrosis · doi:10.1016/j.jcf.2017.11.002 · Cited by 25
“However, one of the most common diagnostic tests for CF is an elevated sweat chloride level, which results from impaired reabsorption of chloride ions by CFTR in the sweat gland [14,15].”
Background
Rapid Capture and Extraction of Sweat for Regional Rate and Cytokine Composition Analysis Using a Wearable Soft Microfluidic System
Aranyosi, A. J., Model, J. B., Zhang, M. Z., Lee, S. P., Leech, A., Li, W., Seib, M. S., Chen, S., Reny, N., Wallace, J. C., et al. (2020) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.jid.2020.05.107 · Cited by 24
“For example, sweat chloride testing is a well-established and routine clinical tool for cystic fibrosis screening in newborns (Gibson and Cooke, 1959; Mishra et al., 2005).”
Background
Australian guidelines for the performance of the sweat test for the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis: report from the AACB Sweat Testing Working Party.
Coakley, J., Scott, S., Doery, J. C. G., Greaves, R., Talsma, P., Whitham, E., & Winship, J. (2006) · PubMed · Cited by 29
PRECISION PZT ROTARY STEP ACTUATOR WITH INNER ANCHOR/LOOSEN
Jianfang, L. I. U. (2006) · Journal of Mechanical Engineering · doi:10.3901/jme.2006.11.103 · Cited by 25
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Visich, A., Zielenski, J., Castaños, C., Diez, G., Grenoville, M., Segal, E., Barreiro, C., Tsui, L., & Chertkoff, L. (2002) · Clinical Genetics · doi:10.1034/j.1399-0004.2002.610307.x · Cited by 25
Clinical features as predictors of functional status in children with cystic fibrosis
Katz, J. N., Horwitz, R. I., Dolan, T. F., et al. (1986) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(86)80872-1 · Cited by 25
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Losty, H., Wheatley, H., & Doull, I. J. M. (2006) · Annals of Clinical Biochemistry International Journal of Laboratory Medicine · doi:10.1258/000456306778520025 · Cited by 25
Sweat secretion rates in growth hormone disorders
Sneppen, S. B., Main, K. M., Juul, A., Pedersen, L. M., Kristensen, L. Ø., Skakkebæk, N. E., & Feldt‐Rasmussen, U. (2000) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2265.2000.01141.x · Cited by 24
The determination of trace metals in sweat by anodic stripping voltammetry
Stauber, J. L., & Florence, T. M. (1987) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/0048-9697(87)90420-7 · Cited by 25
Laboratory Tests for the Diagnosis of Cystic Fibrosis
Wang, L., & Freedman, S. D. (2002) · Pathology Patterns Reviews · doi:10.1309/xtm9-e4bu-c1y5-jn10 · Cited by 25
Pupillotonia, hyporeflexia, and segmental hypohidrosis: Autonomic dysfunction in a child
Esterly, N. B., Cantolino, S. J., Alter, B. P., et al. (1968) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(68)80238-0 · Cited by 25
The Effect of Experimental Salt Depletion and Aldosterone Load on Sodium and Chloride Concentration in the Sweat of Patients with Cystic Fibrosis of the Pancreas and of Normal Children
Siegenthaler, P., de Haller, J., Haller, R. D., et al. (1964) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/adc.39.203.61 · Cited by 25
“Method In our experiments, perspiration was provoked by iontophoresis with 0 2% pilocarpine nitrate on the forearms of children and on the abdominal wall of small infants (Gibson and Cooke, 1959).”
Method
Iontophoretic Application of Adenine Arabinoside Monophosphate to Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1-Infected Hairless Mouse Skin
Park, N.-H., Gangarosa, L. P., Kwon, B.-S., et al. (1978) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.14.4.605 · Cited by 25
The combination of tezacaftor and ivacaftor in the treatment of patients with cystic fibrosis: clinical evidence and future prospects in cystic fibrosis therapy
Lommatzsch, S. T., & Taylor‐Cousar, J. L. (2019) · Therapeutic Advances in Respiratory Disease · doi:10.1177/1753466619844424 · Cited by 27
Early diagnosis of cystic fibrosis by means of sweat microosmometry
Schöni, M. H., Kraemer, R., Bähler, P., et al. (1984) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(84)80945-2 · Cited by 24
Measurement of Ion Transport Function in Rectal Biopsies
Hug, M. J., Derichs, N., Bronsveld, I., & Clancy, J. P. (2011) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-61779-117-8_7 · Cited by 24
Oral magnesium supplementation in children with cystic fibrosis improves clinical and functional variables: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover trial
Gontijo-Amaral, C., Guimarães, E. V., & Camargos, P. A. M. (2012) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.112.034207 · Cited by 24
Comparison of two sweat test systems for the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis in newborns
Rueegg, C. S., Kuehni, C. E., Gallati, S., Jurca, M., Jung, A., Casaulta, C., Barben, J., & for the Swiss Cystic Fibrosis Screening Group (2019) · Pediatric Pulmonology · doi:10.1002/ppul.24227 · Cited by 24
MR imaging of pancreas in cystic fibrosis
Murayama, S., Robinson, A. E., Mulvihill, D. M., et al. (1990) · Pediatric Radiology · doi:10.1007/bf02011384 · Cited by 24
Paradoxical effects of essential fatty acid supplementation on lipid profiles and sweat electrolytes in cystic fibrosis
DODGE, J. A., Custance, J. M., GOODCHILD, M. C., et al. (1990) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1079/bjn19900113 · Cited by 24
“Sweating of the forearm was stimulated by the standard pilocarpine iontophoresis method of Gibson & Cooke (1959), sweat was collected into weighed Na+-free gauze pads, and the Na+ and C1-contents were measured by flame photometry and titration respectively.”
Method
Fecal chymotrypsin: A new diagnostic test for exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in children with cystic fibrosis
Scotta, M. S., Marzani, M. D., Maggiore, G., et al. (1985) · Clinical Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/s0009-9120(85)80046-1 · Cited by 24
Predictive value of pulmonary function testing during pulmonary exacerbations in cystic fibrosis
Rosenberg, S. M., & Schramm, C. M. (1993) · Pediatric Pulmonology · doi:10.1002/ppul.1950160404 · Cited by 24
Diagnosing the Cause of Recurrent and Persistent Pneumonia in Children
Regelmann, W. E. (1993) · Pediatric Annals · doi:10.3928/0090-4481-19930901-08 · Cited by 24
A pilot study of a method of estimating the number of functional eccrine sweat glands in irradiated human skin
Morris, W. J., Dische, S., & Mott, G. (1992) · Radiotherapy and Oncology · doi:10.1016/0167-8140(92)90195-z · Cited by 24
Eight‐year follow‐up of pulmonary function and oxygen uptake during exercise in 16‐year‐old males with cystic fibrosis
Jk, S., Skyberg, D., & Haanaes, O. C. (1992) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1992.tb12288.x · Cited by 24
Screening for cystic fibrosis.
Dodge, J. A., & Ryley, H. C. (1982) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/adc.57.10.774 · Cited by 24
Search for mutations in pancreatic sufficient cystic fibrosis Italian patients: detection of 90% of molecular defects and identification of three novel mutations
Brancolini, V., Cremonesi, L., Belloni, E., et al. (1995) · Human Genetics · doi:10.1007/bf00210414 · Cited by 24
Homograft Replacement of the Aortic Valve
Ross, D. N. (1964) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(64)92989-7 · Cited by 24
PULMONARY SURGERY FOR CYSTIC FIBROSIS
Schuster, S. R., Shwachman, H., Harris, G. B. C., et al. (1964) · Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery · doi:10.1016/s0022-5223(19)33358-6 · Cited by 24
Current Management of Cystic Fibrosis
WARING, W. W. (1976) · Advances in Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/s0065-3101(22)00726-5 · Cited by 24
Association of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis and cystic fibrosis
Voss, M. J., Bush, R. K., Mischler, E. H., et al. (1982) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/0091-6749(82)90181-6 · Cited by 24
Effectiveness and safety of elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor treatment in children aged 6‐11 years with cystic fibrosis in a real‐world setting
Daccò, V., Rosazza, C., Mariani, A., Rizza, C., Ingianni, N., Nazzari, E., Terlizzi, V., Blasi, F., & Alicandro, G. (2024) · Pediatric Pulmonology · doi:10.1002/ppul.27125 · Cited by 24
Newborn screening for cystic fibrosis
Gonska, T. Y., & Ratjen, F. A. (2015) · Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1586/17476348.2015.1085804 · Cited by 26
“IRT 96 - DNA (F508del) Wisconsin 94% 99% 10% [16]”
Method
Does cystic fibrosis neonatal screening detect atypical CF forms? Extended genetic characterization and 4‐year clinical follow‐up
Narzi, L., Ferraguti, G., Stamato, A., et al. (2007) · Clinical Genetics · doi:10.1111/j.1399-0004.2007.00825.x · Cited by 23
“For 7 years (1998–2004), an IRT1/DNA31/ IRT2 screening protocol for CF (5, 20, 21) was applied to 167,000 newborns in the Lazio region (see supplementary materials and methods on the web); 182 subjects among those positive to the screening were enrolled by the regional CF centre and submitted to (i) a sweat test, usin…”
Method
Incidence and evolution of nasal polyps in children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis
Weber, S. A. T., & Ferrari, G. F. (2008) · Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology · doi:10.1016/s1808-8694(15)30745-x · Cited by 23
Molecular Basis for the Chloride Channel Activity of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator and the Consequences of Disease-Causing Mutations
Kidd, J. F., Kogan, I., & Bear, C. E. (2004) · Current topics in developmental biology/Current Topics in Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/s0070-2153(04)60007-x · Cited by 23
Sweat testing for cystic fibrosis: A review of New Zealand laboratories
Mackay, R. J., George, P. M., & Kirk, J. M. (2006) · Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1754.2006.00822.x · Cited by 23
Inconsistencies in sweat testing in UK laboratories
Kirk, J. M. (2000) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/adc.82.5.425 · Cited by 23
Is the Sweat Test Safe? Some Instances of Burns Received during Pilocarpine Iontophoresis
Rattenbury, J. M., & Worthy, E. (1996) · Annals of Clinical Biochemistry International Journal of Laboratory Medicine · doi:10.1177/000456329603300511 · Cited by 23
Cystic Fibrosis
Rosenstein, B. J. (1978) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1978.03290180061029 · Cited by 23
Sweat function in babies with defects of central nervous system
Foster, K. G., Hey, E. N., & O'Connell, B. (1971) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/adc.46.248.444 · Cited by 23
A simple indirect method of detecting the enzyme defect in histidinemia
Levy, H. L., Baden, H. P., & Shih, V. E. (1969) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(69)80348-3 · Cited by 23
Adipose Tissue Abnormalities in Cystic Fibrosis: Noninvasive Determination of Mono- and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids by Carbon-13 Topical Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Dimand, R. J., MOONEN, C. T. W., Chu, S. C., et al. (1988) · Pediatric Research · doi:10.1203/00006450-198808000-00021 · Cited by 23
SERUM ISOAMYLASES IN CYSTIC FIBROSIS
Skude, G., & Kollberg, H. (1976) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1976.tb16527.x · Cited by 23
Survival of cystic fibrosis patients in South Australia: Evidence that cystic fibrosis centre care leads to better survival
Hill, D. J. S., Martin, A. J., Davidson, G. P., et al. (1985) · The Medical Journal of Australia · doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1985.tb122953.x · Cited by 23
DETECTION OF CYSTIC FIBROSIS HOMOZYGOTES AND HETEROZYGOTES WITH PLASMA
Vogt, P. H. E. (1979) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(79)91611-8 · Cited by 23
Supplemental nasogastric feeding in cystic fibrosis patients during treatment for acute exacerbation of chest disease
Daniels, L., Davidson, G. P., MARTIN, A. J., et al. (1989) · Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1754.1989.tb01443.x · Cited by 23
Pathogenesis and Physiopathology of Cystic Fibrosis of the Pancreas
di Sant'Agnese, P. A., & Talamo, R. C. (1967) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm196712212772505 · Cited by 23
Diagnosing cystic fibrosis in low- and middle-income countries: challenges and strategies
Fuhrer, M., Zampoli, M., & Abriel, H. (2024) · Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases · doi:10.1186/s13023-024-03506-1 · Cited by 22
“This informed the development of the landmark sweat test, the quantitative pilocarpine iontophoresis test (QPIT), by Gibson and Cooke in 1959 [42].”
2D Heterostructure-Based Sweat and Heat Sensors
de Souza, F. M., Ali, J., Kumar, A., Selvakumar, C. L., Gupta, R. K., & Pham, P. V. (2025) · ACS Applied Electronic Materials · doi:10.1021/acsaelm.4c02055 · Cited by 22
Mutações do gene cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator e deleções dos genes glutationa S-transferase em pacientes com fibrose cística no Brasil
Lima, C. S. P., Ortega, M. M., Marson, F. A. L., et al. (2012) · Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia · doi:10.1590/s1806-37132012000100008 · Cited by 22
A Metagenomic and in Silico Functional Prediction of Gut Microbiota Profiles May Concur in Discovering New Cystic Fibrosis Patient-Targeted Probiotics
Vernocchi, P., CHIERICO, F. D., Quagliariello, A., Ercolini, D., Lucidi, V., & Putignani, L. (2017) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu9121342 · Cited by 22
“The diagnosis of CF was made on the basis of the results of a pathological sweat test (chloride > 60 mmol/L, reference value), as described by Gibson and Cooke [24], or by the presence of two CF-causing mutations in the CFTR gene [25].”
Method
Recent advances of tissue-interfaced chemical biosensors
Chen, C., Guo, Y., Chen, P., & Peng, H. (2020) · Journal of Materials Chemistry B · doi:10.1039/c9tb02476j · Cited by 22
A novel CFTR mutation found in a Chinese patient with cystic fibrosis
Li, N., Pei, P., Bu, D., et al. (2006) · Chinese Medical Journal · doi:10.1097/00029330-200601020-00003 · Cited by 22
Cystic Fibrosis
Paranjape, S. M., & Mogayzel, P. J. (2014) · Pediatrics in Review · doi:10.1542/pir.35.5.194 · Cited by 53
A pilot trial on safety and efficacy of erythrocyte-mediated steroid treatment in CF patients
Lucidi, V., Tozzi, A. E., Bella, S., et al. (2006) · BMC Pediatrics · doi:10.1186/1471-2431-6-17 · Cited by 22
“Gibson LE, Cooke RE: A test for concentration of electrolytes in sweat in cystic fibrosis of the pancreas utilizing pilocarpine by iontophoresis.”
Influential
GASTRIC EMPTYING IN INFANTS WITH CYSTIC FIBROSIS
CAVELL, B. (1981) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1981.tb05759.x · Cited by 22
Mechanics and energetics of breathing in newly diagnosed infants with cystic fibrosis: Effect of combined bronchodilator and chest physical therapy
Hardy, K. A., Schidlow, D. V., Wolfson, M. R., et al. (1989) · Pediatric Pulmonology · doi:10.1002/ppul.1950060209 · Cited by 22
Solute and Water Secretion in Sweat *
Brusilow, S. W., & Gordes, E. H. (1964) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci104933 · Cited by 22
MBL2 polymorphisms screening in a regional Italian CF Center
Trevisiol, C., Boniotto, M., Giglio, L., et al. (2005) · Journal of Cystic Fibrosis · doi:10.1016/j.jcf.2005.04.001 · Cited by 22
Comparison of two different protocols of neonatal screening for cystic fibrosis
Narzi, L., Lucarelli, M., Lelli, A., et al. (2002) · Clinical Genetics · doi:10.1034/j.1399-0004.2002.620311.x · Cited by 22
“Subjects who were positive to the screening (in either protocol) were enrolled by the Regional CF Center and underwent: (i) a clinical assessment; (ii) a sweat test (quantitative pilocarpine iontophoresis method) (17); (iii) a pancreatic function test by stool chymotrypsin (Chymo, Roche, Mannheim, Germany) (18) and st…”
Method
OVERDIAGNOSIS OF CYSTIC FIBROSIS
David, T. J., & Phillips, B. (1982) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(82)91213-2 · Cited by 22
Absence of detrimental effect of the carrier state for the cystic fibrosis gene.
Hallett, W. Y., Knudson, A. G., & Massey, F. J. (1965) · PubMed · doi:10.1164/arrd.1965.92.5.714 · Cited by 22
Validity of the Wescor's sweat conductivity analyzer for the assessment of sweat electrolyte concentrations
Boisvert, P., & Candas, V. (1994) · European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology · doi:10.1007/bf00609413 · Cited by 21
“Filter paper pad (Gibson and Cooke 1959), Macroduct (Cole and Boucher 1986) and pouch collector (Brisson et al.”
Background
New approach for cystic fibrosis diagnosis based on chloride/potassium ratio analyzed in non-invasively obtained skin-wipe sweat samples by capillary electrophoresis with contactless conductometric detection
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“SCL, obtained according to guidelines by the Gibson and Cooke method, [11, 20] were analyzed at diagnosis and annually repeated in each patient with quantitative pilocarpine iontophoresis.”
Method

Authors: Gibson, L. E., & Cooke, R. E.
Affiliations: Johns Hopkins University (US)
Venue: Pediatrics
Publisher: American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)
Published: 1959-03-01
Volume: 23
Issue: 3
Pages: 545-549
ISSN: 0031-4005 (ISSN-L)
1098-4275
DOI: 10.1542/peds.23.3.545
OpenAlex: W1946951765
Cited by: 1,434
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 17 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 41 · 2019: 37 · 2018: 37 · 2017: 42 · 2016: 37 · 2015: 32 · 2014: 35 · 2013: 30 · 2012: 39
FWCI: 27.70
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: PEDIATRICS (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Cystic Fibrosis Research Advances
Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Pancreatitis Pathology and Treatment
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Salivary Gland Disorders and Functions
Keywords: cystic fibrosis, sweat test, sweat electrolytes, chloride, sodium, pilocarpine, iontophoresis
MeSH terms: Chlorides, Cystic Fibrosis, Electrolytes, Humans, Iontophoresis, Pilocarpine, Sodium, Sodium, Dietary, Sweat

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A TEST FOR CONCENTRATION OF ELECTROLYTES IN SWEAT IN CYSTIC FIBROSIS OF THE PANCREAS UTILIZING PILOCARPINE BY IONTOPHORESIS

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