The DOI matches its Crossref record; 61 of the 65 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 26 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Addictive use of social networking sites can be explained by the interaction of Internet use expectancies, Internet literacy, and psychopathological symptoms
Open accessAbstract
Background and Aims: Most people use the Internet in a functional way to achieve certain goals and needs. However, there is an increasing number of people who experience negative consequences like loss of control and distress based on an excessive use of the Internet and its specific online applications. Some approaches postulate similarities with behavioral addictions as well as substance dependencies. They differentiate between a generalized and a specific Internet addiction, such as the pathological use of social networking sites (SIA–SNS). Prior studies particularly identified the use of applications, personal characteristics, and psychopathological symptoms as significant predictors for the development and maintenance of this phenomenon. So far, it remains unclear how psychopathological symptoms like depression and social anxiety interact with individual expectancies of Internet use and capabilities of handling the Internet, summarized as Internet literacy. Methods: The current study ( N = 334) investigated the interaction of these components in a structural equation model. Results: The results indicate that the effects of depression and social anxiety on SIA–SNS were mediated by Internet use expectancies and self-regulation. Discussion: Thus, Internet use expectancies seem to be crucial for SIA–SNS, which is in line with prior models. Conclusions: SNS use may be reinforced by experienced gratification and relief from negative feelings. Individual competences in handling the Internet may be preventive for the development of SIA–SNS.
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30 Own result · 16 Not checked yet · 13 Own interpretation · 8 Own method
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Overall, the predictors significantly explained 51.2% of the variance of SIA–SNS.”
§ Addictive use of social networking sites can be explained by the interaction of Internet use expectancies, Internet literacy, and psychopathological symptoms > Results > Structural equation model
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The effect of psychopathological symptoms on SIA–SNS was partially mediated by Internet use expectancies (β = .191, SE = .051, p < .001) and self-regulation (β = .051, SE = .019, p = .007).”
§ Addictive use of social networking sites can be explained by the interaction of Internet use expectancies, Internet literacy, and psychopathological symptoms > Results > Structural equation model
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- The authors state this as an assumption: The Internet literacy sub-dimension self-regulation can decrease the probability of developing an SIA–SNS.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As expected, psychopathological symptoms was a significant positive predictor of SIA–SNS as well as of Internet use expectancies but a negative predictor of self-regulation.”
§ Addictive use of social networking sites can be explained by the interaction of Internet use expectancies, Internet literacy, and psychopathological symptoms > Results > Structural equation model
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The effect of psychopathological symptoms on SIA–SNS was partially mediated by Internet use expectancies (β = .191, SE = .051, p < .001) and self-regulation (β = .051, SE = .019, p = .007).”
§ Addictive use of social networking sites can be explained by the interaction of Internet use expectancies, Internet literacy, and psychopathological symptoms > Results > Structural equation model
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- The authors state this as an assumption: People with depressive symptoms and social anxiety expect SNS as a possibility to handle negative emotions.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, Internet literacy was not optimally represented by these two manifest variables (self-regulation: β = .466; production and interaction: β = −.459).”
§ Addictive use of social networking sites can be explained by the interaction of Internet use expectancies, Internet literacy, and psychopathological symptoms > Results > Structural equation model
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As expected, psychopathological symptoms was a significant positive predictor of SIA–SNS as well as of Internet use expectancies but a negative predictor of self-regulation.”
§ Addictive use of social networking sites can be explained by the interaction of Internet use expectancies, Internet literacy, and psychopathological symptoms > Results > Structural equation model
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As expected, psychopathological symptoms was a significant positive predictor of SIA–SNS as well as of Internet use expectancies but a negative predictor of self-regulation.”
§ Addictive use of social networking sites can be explained by the interaction of Internet use expectancies, Internet literacy, and psychopathological symptoms > Results > Structural equation model
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Internet use expectancies had a significant positive effect on SIA–SNS.”
§ Addictive use of social networking sites can be explained by the interaction of Internet use expectancies, Internet literacy, and psychopathological symptoms > Results > Structural equation model
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The latent dimensions of SIA–SNS, psychopathology, and Internet use expectancies were well represented by the manifest variables (factor loading from .600 to .854).”
§ Addictive use of social networking sites can be explained by the interaction of Internet use expectancies, Internet literacy, and psychopathological symptoms > Results > Structural equation model
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The first structural equation model, using self-regulation, showed a good model fit. The RMSEA was .070, CFI = .979, TLI = .956, SRMR = .043, χ2 = 26.51, p < .003.”
§ Addictive use of social networking sites can be explained by the interaction of Internet use expectancies, Internet literacy, and psychopathological symptoms > Results > Structural equation model
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- The quote only partly states this claim. 2
- It may state two separate claims as one. 10
- Probably not a substantial claim. 13
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The proposed structural equation model showed a relatively weak fit with the data. The RMSEA was .113 (p = .089), CFI = .927, TLI = .864, SRMR = .071. The χ2-test was significant (χ2 = 78.83, p < .001).”
§ Addictive use of social networking sites can be explained by the interaction of Internet use expectancies, Internet literacy, and psychopathological symptoms > Results > Structural equation model
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The quote only partly states this claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Moreover, Internet use expectancies as well as self regulation partially mediated the link between psychopathological symptoms and SIA–SNS.”
§ Addictive use of social networking sites can be explained by the interaction of Internet use expectancies, Internet literacy, and psychopathological symptoms > Discussion
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We found the same relationships between psychopathological symptoms and SIA–SNS respectively Internet use expectancies and self-regulation as well as Internet use expectancies and SIA–SNS.”
§ Addictive use of social networking sites can be explained by the interaction of Internet use expectancies, Internet literacy, and psychopathological symptoms > Results > Additional analyses
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The quote only partly states this claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Additionally, the manifest variable positive reinforcement loaded on the latent dimension Internet use expectancies only with a medium effect, while avoidance expectancies loaded on the dimension with a large effect.”
§ Addictive use of social networking sites can be explained by the interaction of Internet use expectancies, Internet literacy, and psychopathological symptoms > Discussion
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The partial mediation of psychopathological symptoms to SIA–SNS mediated by Internet use expectancies was found for women (β = .195, SE = .060, p = .001), but not for men (β = .137, SE = .079, p = .082).”
§ Addictive use of social networking sites can be explained by the interaction of Internet use expectancies, Internet literacy, and psychopathological symptoms > Results > Additional analyses
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“To control for gender we calculated group comparisons with all used variables and found significant differences between male and female participants only for s-IAT–SNS craving/social problems (t(150.42) = −2.92, p = .004).”
§ Addictive use of social networking sites can be explained by the interaction of Internet use expectancies, Internet literacy, and psychopathological symptoms > Results > Additional analyses
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thus, it seems that these two do not represent a common latent domain, but potentially represent conceptually relatively different aspects of handling the Internet competently.”
§ Addictive use of social networking sites can be explained by the interaction of Internet use expectancies, Internet literacy, and psychopathological symptoms > Results > Structural equation model
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Thus, Internet use expectancies seem to be crucial for SIA–SNS, which is in line with prior models.”
§ Addictive use of social networking sites can be explained by the interaction of Internet use expectancies, Internet literacy, and psychopathological symptoms > Abstract > Discussion
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- The authors state this as an assumption: People with depressive symptoms and social anxiety expect SNS as a possibility to handle negative emotions.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The subscale depression consists of six items and had a good internal consistency (Cronbach’s a = .808).”
§ Addictive use of social networking sites can be explained by the interaction of Internet use expectancies, Internet literacy, and psychopathological symptoms > Methods > Measures and Procedure
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“It seems that those users feel more comfortable with computers than to interact with people directly in real life (Leung & Lee, 2012).”
§ Addictive use of social networking sites can be explained by the interaction of Internet use expectancies, Internet literacy, and psychopathological symptoms > Introduction > The role of Internet literacy as mediator of SIA–SNS
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Leung & Lee, 2012
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“It is also part of the treatment model proposed by Young (2011) that describes the impact of psychopathological symptoms and social cognition on IA mediated by individual cognitions like Internet use expectancies or coping strategies.”
§ Addictive use of social networking sites can be explained by the interaction of Internet use expectancies, Internet literacy, and psychopathological symptoms > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Young (2011)
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Studies postulated that women are in general more active on SNS than men (Chak & Leung, 2004; Moore & McElroy, 2012; Szczegielniak, Palka & Krysta, 2013).”
§ Addictive use of social networking sites can be explained by the interaction of Internet use expectancies, Internet literacy, and psychopathological symptoms > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Chak & Leung, 2004
- Not checked yetcites Moore & McElroy, 2012
- Not checked yetcites Szczegielniak, Palka & Krysta, 2013
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“They found that the ability to deal with information overload and a great knowledge about Internet functions are associated with loss of control and the preference of being online.”
§ Addictive use of social networking sites can be explained by the interaction of Internet use expectancies, Internet literacy, and psychopathological symptoms > Introduction > The role of Internet literacy as mediator of SIA–SNS
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Leung and Lee (2012)
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Both scales had a good reliability (Cronbach’s α; positive reinforcement: α = .829, avoidance expectancies: α = .785, overall: α = .843) (Brand, Laier et al., 2014).”
§ Addictive use of social networking sites can be explained by the interaction of Internet use expectancies, Internet literacy, and psychopathological symptoms > Methods > Measures and Procedure
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“These deficits are linked to substance abuse and could be core mechanisms of IA respectively SIA–SNS (Khang et al., 2014; LaRose, Mastro & Eastin, 2001).”
§ Addictive use of social networking sites can be explained by the interaction of Internet use expectancies, Internet literacy, and psychopathological symptoms > Introduction > The role of Internet expectancies as mediator of SIA–SNS
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Khang et al., 2014
- Not checked yetcites LaRose, Mastro & Eastin, 2001
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The subscale interpersonal sensitivity had four items and the internal consistency was acceptable (Cronbach’s a = .773).”
§ Addictive use of social networking sites can be explained by the interaction of Internet use expectancies, Internet literacy, and psychopathological symptoms > Methods > Measures and Procedure
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“In line with the UAG it illustrates that users choose media to gratify individual needs or to experience entertainment or social support.”
§ Addictive use of social networking sites can be explained by the interaction of Internet use expectancies, Internet literacy, and psychopathological symptoms > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites LaRose et al., 2001
- Not checked yetcites Smock et al., 2011
- Not checked yetcites Song et al., 2004
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Furthermore, we also used a newly developed questionnaire to evaluate Internet literacy.”
§ Addictive use of social networking sites can be explained by the interaction of Internet use expectancies, Internet literacy, and psychopathological symptoms > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The internal consistency (Cronbach’s α) was acceptable: production and interaction: α = .741, self-regulation: α = .728.”
§ Addictive use of social networking sites can be explained by the interaction of Internet use expectancies, Internet literacy, and psychopathological symptoms > Methods > Measures and Procedure
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Gender effects were also found for other SIA like cybersex addiction (Griffiths, 2012; Laier, Pekal & Brand, 2014) or online gaming (Brand, Laier et al., 2014; Ko, Yen, Chen, Chen & Yen, 2005).”
§ Addictive use of social networking sites can be explained by the interaction of Internet use expectancies, Internet literacy, and psychopathological symptoms > Discussion
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites Griffiths, 2012
- Not checked yetcites Laier, Pekal & Brand, 2014
- Not checked yetcites Brand, Laier et al., 2014
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We used an online survey to collect the data and had no laboratory or standardized conditions.”
§ Addictive use of social networking sites can be explained by the interaction of Internet use expectancies, Internet literacy, and psychopathological symptoms > Discussion
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
The authors state this as an assumption.
Internet users have certain needs and goals that can be achieved by different Internet applications.
“It is based on the assumption that Internet users have certain needs and goals, which can be achieved by different Internet applications.”
The authors state this as an assumption.
Depressive people have less self-control and are socially isolated.
“It is based on the assumption that depressive people have less self-control and are socially isolated (Hong et al., 2014).”
The authors state this as an assumption.
Users experience online gratification of needs.
“A further explanation of the relationship between IA and UAG is based on the assumption that users experience online gratification of needs.”
The authors state this as an assumption.
The gratification of individual and social needs by SNS can be summarized as expected outcome.
“Thereby, it is assumed that the gratification of individual and social needs by SNS can be summarized as expected outcome.”
The authors state this as an assumption.
People with depressive symptoms and social anxiety expect SNS as a possibility to handle negative emotions.
“Moreover, we assume that people with depressive symptoms and social anxiety expect SNS as a possibility to handle negative emotions.”
The authors state this as an assumption.
The Internet literacy sub-dimension self-regulation can decrease the probability of developing an SIA–SNS.
“We assume that the Internet literacy sub-dimension selfregulation can decrease the probability of developing an SIA–SNS.”
The authors state this as an assumption.
The mechanism by which individual experiences with SNS lead to positive reinforcement of needs and cognitions is based on the expectancy to experience gratification and satisfy desires, and these experiences increase the likelihood of SIA–SNS.
“This mechanism is assumed to be based upon the expectancy to experience gratification and to satisfy certain desires and that these experiences increase the likelihood of SIA–SNS (Brand, Young et al., 2014; Robinson & Berridge, 2000, 2003).”
The paper relies on this without support.
The BSI interpersonal sensitivity subscale measures social anxiety.
“psychopathological symptoms like depression and social anxiety (operationalized by the BSI subscale interpersonal sensitivity)”
The paper relies on this without support.
Self-regulation is an aspect of Internet literacy.
“self-regulation as mediator representing an aspect of Internet literacy”
The paper relies on this without support.
Production and interaction is a component of Internet literacy.
“Production and interaction as a component of Internet literacy”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Moreover, positive metacognitions about Internet use have been shown to mediate the relationship between emotional dysregulation and Internet addiction (Casale et al., 2016) as well as the relationship between psychopathological symptoms (depression, social anxiety) and the addictive use of social-networking sites (Wegmann et al., 2015).”
From Integrating psychological and neurobiological considerations regarding the development and maintenance of specific Internet-use disorders: An Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution (I-PACE) model (2016) · cites this paper as Wegmann et al., 2015
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“Empirical research has reported strong relationships between SNS addiction and other forms of technological and behavioral addiction, such as Internet gaming addiction (Andreassen, Billieux, et al., 2016) and Internet addiction (Monacis, de Palo, Griffiths, & Sinatra, 2016; Wegmann, Stodt, & Brand, 2015)”
From Social networking addiction, attachment style, and validation of the Italian version of the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (2017) · cites this paper as Wegmann, Stodt, & Brand, 2015
In the citing paper
“This has already been shown in previous studies emphasizing that the effect of a person's core characteristics, such as depression and social anxiety, is partially mediated by specific cognitions such as individual's Internet-use expectancies, coping style and self-regulation abilities (Wegmann and Brand, 2016, Wegmann et al., 2015).”
From Online-specific fear of missing out and internet-use expectancies contribute to symptoms of internet-communication disorder (2017) · cites this paper as Wegmann et al., 2015
In the citing paper
“positive correlations were found between depression and negative social networking interactions, 34,39,40”
From The Relationship Between Online Social Networking and Depression: A Systematic Review of Quantitative Studies (2016) · cites this paper as [40]
Statistics recomputed
Every reported test result, recomputed from its test statistic and degrees of freedom. A result shows as not adding up only once an independent check has confirmed it.
- Consistentt(150.42) = -2.92reported p = .004 · recomputed p = .004
“t(150.42) = −2.92, p = .004”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Addictive use of social networking sites can be explained by the interaction of Internet use expectancies, Internet literacy, and psychopathological symptoms > Results > Structural equation model
“| 7. IUE – avoidance expectancies | 2.36 (1.12) | | | | | | | .102 | .437** | −.111** | −.347** |”
§ Addictive use of social networking sites can be explained by the interaction of Internet use expectancies, Internet literacy, and psychopathological symptoms > Results > Structural equation model
“| 2. s-IAT–SNS 1 (loss of control/time management) | 12.97 (4.78) | | .638** | .412** | .420** | .290** | .402** | .107 | .315** | −.117* | −.345** |”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Addictive use of social networking sites can be explained by the interaction of Internet use expectancies, Internet literacy, and psychopathological symptoms > Results > Structural equation model
“| 1. s-IAT–SNS sum score | 22.52 (7.57) | .932** | .874** | .455** | .484** | .330** | .456** | .122* | .364* | −.137* | −.356** |”
§ Addictive use of social networking sites can be explained by the interaction of Internet use expectancies, Internet literacy, and psychopathological symptoms > Results > Structural equation model
“| 2. s-IAT–SNS 1 (loss of control/time management) | 12.97 (4.78) | | .638** | .412** | .420** | .290** | .402** | .107 | .315** | −.117* | −.345** |”
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Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Wegmann, E., Stodt, B., & Brand, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Duisburg-Essen (DE)
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Brand, Matthias
- Venue
- Journal of Behavioral Addictions
- Publisher
- Akademiai Kiado Zrt.
- Published
- 2015-09
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 155-162
- ISSN
- 2062-5871 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4627676
- OpenAlex
- W2154796819
- Semantic Scholar
- b133c541cee79cc58d52574fb2f97a0e47306aae
- Cited by
- 223
- References
- 65
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 25 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 28 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 9
- FWCI
- 48.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Behavioral Addictions (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Repository of the Academy's Library (Library of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences) (acceptedVersion)
- DuEPublico (University of Duisburg-Essen) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Sexuality, Behavior, and Technology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Gambling Behavior and Treatments
- Keywords
- internet addiction, internet literacy, depression, social anxiety, self-regulation, behavioral addiction, psychiatric symptoms
- MeSH terms
- Literacy, Adolescent, Adult, Anxiety Disorders, Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Male, Behavior, Addictive, Internet, Young Adult, Social Networking
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-04, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-04 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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