Cited by 462Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular DisturbancesTraumatic Brain Injury ResearchAutomotive and Human Injury Biomechanics

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Animal models of head trauma

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Cernak, Ibolja·2005·NeuroRX

DOI 10.1602/neurorx.2.3.410PMC PMC1144485

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Abstract

Animal models of traumatic brain injury (TBI) are used to elucidate primary and secondary sequelae underlying human head injury in an effort to identify potential neuroprotective therapies for developing and adult brains. The choice of experimental model depends upon both the research goal and underlying objectives. The intrinsic ability to study injury-induced changes in behavior, physiology, metabolism, the blood/tissue interface, the blood brain barrier, and/or inflammatory- and immune-mediated responses, makes in vivo TBI models essential for neurotrauma research. Whereas human TBI is a highly complex multifactorial disorder, animal trauma models tend to replicate only single factors involved in the pathobiology of head injury using genetically well-defined inbred animals of a single sex. Although such an experimental approach is helpful to delineate key injury mechanisms, the simplicity and hence inability of animal models to reflect the complexity of clinical head injury may underlie the discrepancy between preclinical and clinical trials of neuroprotective therapeutics. Thus, a search continues for new animal models, which would more closely mimic the highly heterogeneous nature of human TBI, and address key factors in treatment optimization.

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See all 462

Authors: Cernak, I.
Venue: NeuroRX
Publisher: Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published: 2005-07
Volume: 2
Issue: 3
Pages: 410-422
ISSN: 1545-5343 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1602/neurorx.2.3.410
PMC: PMC1144485
OpenAlex: W2056804957
Semantic Scholar: 05857a6126f1be753c6b0c93d060bf3ee85f30ce
Cited by: 462
References: 210
Citations by year: 2026: 5 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 31 · 2016: 41 · 2015: 36 · 2014: 37 · 2013: 29 · 2012: 31
FWCI: 1.51
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: NeuroRx (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
WBI Studies Repository (submittedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances
Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Automotive and Human Injury Biomechanics
Keywords: traumatic brain injury, animal models, neuroprotection, secondary injury mechanisms, blood-brain barrier, neuroinflammation, preclinical to clinical translation
MeSH terms: Animals, Brain, Brain Injuries, Disease Models, Animal, Craniocerebral Trauma, Humans, Head Injuries, Closed, Head Injuries, Penetrating

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