New Potentials for Data‐Driven Intelligent Tutoring System Development and Optimization

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The State of Educational Data Mining in 2009: A Review and Future Visions

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Detecting Student Misuse of Intelligent Tutoring Systems

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A Data Repository for the EDM Community: The PSLC DataShop

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Empirically Building and Evaluating a Probabilistic Model of User Affect

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Automatic detection of learner’s affect from conversational cues

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A New Paradigm for Intelligent Tutoring Systems: Example-Tracing Tutors

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An Intelligent SQL Tutor on the Web

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Adapting to When Students Game an Intelligent Tutoring System

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Modeling and understanding students' off-task behavior in intelligent tutoring systems

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Integration of Technology, Curriculum, and Professional Development for Advancing Middle School Mathematics

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JIME - The Open Learning Initiative: Measuring the Effectiveness of the OLI Statistics Course in Accelerating Student Learning

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Toward Automatic Hint Generation for Logic Proof Tutoring Using Historical Student Data

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Benefits and challenges of real-time uncertainty detection and adaptation in a spoken dialogue computer tutor

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Modeling Learner Affect with Theoretically Grounded Dynamic Bayesian Networks

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Contextual Slip and Prediction of Student Performance after Use of an Intelligent Tutor

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Identifiability: A Fundamental Problem of Student Modeling

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The Impact on Individualizing Student Models on Necessary Practice Opportunities.

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Advisor: a machine-learning architecture for intelligent tutor construction

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Automatic Detection of Off-Task Behaviors in Intelligent Tutoring Systems with Machine Learning Techniques

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Program Representation for Automatic Hint Generation for a Data-Driven Novice Programming Tutor

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Faster Teaching by POMDP Planning

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Automated Student Model Improvement

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The Impact of Animated Pedagogical Agents on Girls' and Boys' Emotions, Attitudes, Behaviors and Learning

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Looking Ahead to Select Tutorial Actions: A Decision-Theoretic Approach

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Labeling Student Behavior Faster and More Precisely with Text Replays.

Baker, R. S., & de Carvalho, A. M. J. B. (2008) · Educational Data Mining · Cited by 70 · see citing works

Automatically Generating Algebra Problems

Singh, R. K., Gulwani, S., & Rajamani, S. K. (2021) · Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1609/aaai.v26i1.8341 · Cited by 70 · see citing works

An Evaluation of Pedagogical Tutorial Tactics for a Natural Language Tutoring System: A Reinforcement Learning Approach

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Responding to Learners’ Cognitive-Affective States with Supportive and Shakeup Dialogues

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Detecting Carelessness through Contextual Estimation of Slip Probabilities among Students Using an Intelligent Tutor for Mathematics

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Sensor-free automated detection of affect in a Cognitive Tutor for Algebra.

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I learn from you, you learn from me: How to make iList learn from students

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Using Text Replay Tagging to Produce Detectors of Systematic Experimentation Behavior Patterns

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RAPID: A Reachable Anytime Planner for Imprecisely-sensed DomainsPreprint

Brunskill, E., & Russell, S. (2012) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1203.3538 · Cited by 19 · see citing works

Enhancing the Automatic Generation of Hints with Expert Seeding

Stamper, J. C., Barnes, T. M., & Croy, M. J. (2010) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-13437-1_4 · Cited by 17 · see citing works

Example-Tracing Tutors: A New Paradigm for Intelligent Tutoring Systems

Aleven, V., McLaren, B., Sewall, J., & Koedinger, K. R. (2018) · doi:10.1184/r1/6470057 · Cited by 15 · see citing works

Artificial Intelligence trends in education: a narrative overview

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Developing Personalized Education: A Dynamic Framework

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AI Grand Challenges for Education

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Machine Teaching: An Inverse Problem to Machine Learning and an Approach Toward Optimal Education

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Applying Artificial Intelligence in Physical Education and Future Perspectives

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Tackling climate change with machine learning

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Big Data Comes to School

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Multi-Armed Bandits for Intelligent Tutoring SystemsPreprint

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Enabling robots to communicate their objectives

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MTFeedback: Providing Notifications to Enhance Teacher Awareness of Small Group Work in the Classroom

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What can AI do for me?: evaluating machine learning interpretations in cooperative play

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Enhancing LLM-Based Feedback: Insights from Intelligent Tutoring Systems and the Learning Sciences

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Interpreting Evidence-of-Learning: Educational research in the era of big data

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Sources of Evidence-of-Learning: Learning and assessment in the era of big data

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Explainable AI In Education : Current Trends, Challenges, And Opportunities

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When is Deep Learning the Best Approach to Knowledge Tracing?

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Implementation of Adaptive Learning Systems: Current State and Potential

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Learning more from feedback: Elaborating feedback with examples enhances concept learning

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Modeling learner’s dynamic knowledge construction procedure and cognitive item difficulty for knowledge tracing

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A Contextual Bandits Framework for Personalized Learning Action Selection.

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A systematic review of data-driven approaches in player modeling of educational games

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An XGBoost-Based Knowledge Tracing Model

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Student Modeling: Supporting Personalized Instruction, from Problem Solving to Exploratory Open‐Ended Activities

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Learnersourcing in the age of AI: Student, educator and machine partnerships for content creation

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A Theoretical and Evidence-Based Conceptual Design of MetaDash: An Intelligent Teacher Dashboard to Support Teachers' Decision Making and Students’ Self-Regulated Learning

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Reinforcement Learning with General Value Function Approximation: Provably Efficient Approach via Bounded Eluder DimensionPreprint

Wang, R., Salakhutdinov, R., & Yang, L. F. (2020) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2005.10804 · Cited by 53 · see citing works

Using achievement goal-based personalized motivational feedback to enhance online learning

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Revolutionizing Education with Artificial Intelligence (AI)? Challenges, and Implications for Open and Distance Learning (ODL)

Amin, M. R. M., Ismail, I., & Sivakumaran, V. M. (2025) · Social Sciences & Humanities Open · doi:10.1016/j.ssaho.2025.101308 · Cited by 41 · see citing works

Personalization through adaptivity or adaptability? A meta-analysis on simulation-based learning in higher education

Chernikova, O., Sommerhoff, D., Stadler, M. J., Holzberger, D., Nickl, M., Seidel, T., Kasneci, E., Küchemann, S., Kühn, J., Fischer, F., et al. (2024) · Educational Research Review · doi:10.1016/j.edurev.2024.100662 · Cited by 49 · see citing works

PAKES: A Reinforcement Learning-Based Personalized Adaptability Knowledge Extraction Strategy for Adaptive Learning Systems

Islam, M. Z., Ali, R., Haider, A., Islam, M., & Kim, H. (2021) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2021.3128578 · Cited by 33 · see citing works

Knowledge interaction enhanced sequential modeling for interpretable learner knowledge diagnosis in intelligent tutoring systems

Gan, W., Sun, Y., & Sun, Y. (2022) · Neurocomputing · doi:10.1016/j.neucom.2022.02.080 · Cited by 34 · see citing works

AI Adaptivity in a Mixed-Reality System Improves Learning

Yannier, N., Hudson, S. E., Chang, H., & Koedinger, K. R. (2024) · International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education · doi:10.1007/s40593-023-00388-5 · Cited by 33 · see citing works

Online Knowledge Level Tracking with Data-Driven Student Models and Collaborative Filtering

Cully, A., & Demiris, Y. (2019) · IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering · doi:10.1109/tkde.2019.2912367 · Cited by 33 · see citing works

Transforming Education: How AI is Revolutionizing the Learning Experience

Chetry, K. K. (2024) · International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews · doi:10.55248/gengpi.5.0524.1277 · Cited by 47 · see citing works

Identifying Key Principles and Commonalities in Digital Serious Game Design Frameworks: Scoping Review

Maxim, R. I., & Arnedo-Moreno, J. (2024) · JMIR Serious Games · doi:10.2196/54075 · Cited by 39 · see citing works

Data-Driven Program Synthesis for Hint Generation in Programming Tutors

Lazar, T., & Ivan Bratko, A. (2014) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-07221-0_38 · Cited by 32 · see citing works

Enabling Robots to Communicate Their Objectives

Huang, S., Held, D., Abbeel, P., & Dragan, A. D. (2017) · Robotics: Science and Systems · doi:10.15607/rss.2017.xiii.059 · Cited by 31 · see citing works

Data-Driven Development and Evaluation of Enskill English

Johnson, W. L. (2019) · International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education · doi:10.1007/s40593-019-00182-2 · Cited by 30 · see citing works

Assessing the Effects of Open Models of Learning and Enjoyment in a Digital Learning Game

Hou, X., Nguyen, H. A., Richey, J. E., Harpstead, E., Hammer, J., & McLaren, B. M. (2021) · International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education · doi:10.1007/s40593-021-00250-6 · Cited by 33 · see citing works

What can AI do for me: Evaluating Machine Learning Interpretations in Cooperative PlayPreprint

Feng, S., & Boyd-Graber, J. L. (2018) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.1810.09648 · Cited by 28 · see citing works

Data-Driven Solutions Enhancing Adaptive Education Through Technological Innovations for Disability Support

Nagarajan, S. K. S., Ramaiah, M. S., & Whig, P. (2024) · Advances in educational technologies and instructional design book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-8227-1.ch005 · Cited by 27 · see citing works

Online Optimization of Teaching Sequences with Multi-Armed Bandits

Clement, B., Roy, D., Oudeyer, P., Lopes, M. C., & Sud-ouest, I. B. (2014) · Cited by 27 · see citing works

Automatic Generation of Problems and Explanations for an Intelligent Algebra Tutor

O’Rourke, E., Butler, E., Tolentino, A. D., & Popović, Z. (2019) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-23204-7_32 · Cited by 27 · see citing works

Developmental learning for Intelligent Tutoring Systems

Clement, B., Roy, D., Oudeyer, P., & Lopes, M. C. (2014) · IEEE International Conference on Development and Learning (ICDL) · doi:10.1109/devlrn.2014.6983019 · Cited by 23 · see citing works

Adaptive structure metrics for automated feedback provision in intelligent tutoring systems

Paaßen, B., Mokbel, B., & Hammer, B. (2016) · Neurocomputing · doi:10.1016/j.neucom.2015.12.108 · Cited by 23 · see citing works

Predicting Students Disengaged Behaviors in an Online Meaning-Generation Task

Nam, S., Frishkoff, G. A., & Collins‐Thompson, K. (2017) · IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies · doi:10.1109/tlt.2017.2720738 · Cited by 26 · see citing works

Improving the performance and explainability of knowledge tracing via Markov blanket

Jiang, B., Wei, Y., Zhang, T., & Zhang, W. (2024) · Information Processing & Management · doi:10.1016/j.ipm.2023.103620 · Cited by 22 · see citing works

Web-Semantic-Driven Machine Learning and Blockchain for Transformative Change in the Future of Physical Education

Jun, W., Iqbal, M. S., Abbasi, R., Omar, M., & Huiqin, C. (2024) · International Journal on Semantic Web and Information Systems · doi:10.4018/ijswis.337961 · Cited by 22 · see citing works

Can machine learning explain human learning?

Vahdat, M., Oneto, L., Anguita, D., Funk, M., & Matthias Rauterberg, A. (2016) · Neurocomputing · doi:10.1016/j.neucom.2015.11.100 · Cited by 19 · see citing works

Exploring the Impact of Simple Explanations and Agency on Batch Deep Reinforcement Learning Induced Pedagogical Policies

Ausin, M. S., Maniktala, M., Barnes, T. M., & Chi, M. (2020) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-52237-7_38 · Cited by 19 · see citing works

Differences in Student Trajectories via Filtered Time Series Analysis in an Immersive Virtual World

Reilly, J., & Dede, C. (2019) · International Conference on Learning Analytics and Knowledge (LAK) · doi:10.1145/3303772.3303832 · Cited by 17 · see citing works

Rewrite Rules for Debugging Student Programs in Programming Tutors

Lazar, T., Sadikov, A., & Ivan Bratko, A. (2017) · IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies · doi:10.1109/tlt.2017.2743701 · Cited by 17 · see citing works

Engineering Educators' Perspectives on the Impact of Generative AI in Higher Education

Dewan, U., Hingle, A., McDonald, N., & Johri, A. (2025) · 2025 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON) · doi:10.1109/educon62633.2025.11016518 · Cited by 16 · see citing works

AI and Education: Celebrating 30 Years of Marriage.

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Improving Student-System Interaction Through Data-driven Explanations of Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning Induced Pedagogical Policies

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