Microbiological analysis of coconut water (Cocos nucifera L.) sold by street vendors in Sobral/CE, Brazil

May combine two claims.

The high number of total coliforms indicates deficient hygienic-sanitary practices at the place of sale, machinery/utensils, and non-adoption of good practices by the handler.

“the low microbiological quality of the analyzed samples presented by the high number of total coliforms indicate deficient hygienic-sanitary practices at the place of sale, of the machinery and utensils used for the commercialization, opening and manipulation of the coconut, as well as the non-adoption of the good practices by the handler for handling the product”

• cites Valiatti et al., 2017 sourcePartly supported

  The Discussion (page unavailable in our copy) says total coliforms indicate hygienic-sanitary conditions and links contamination in ground beef to possible hygiene failures at the processing site or among handlers. It also identifies inadequate cleaning of equipment and utensils as a possible factor in contaminated raw milk. The paper studies beef, milk, and cheese—not coconut—and does not establish that poor practices at a coconut point of sale or non-adoption of good practices by its handler caused the citing paper’s results. (LLM, conf=0.87)

  Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
• cites Fernandes et al., 2019 sourcePartly supported

  The Análises Microbiológicas section (page not provided) says high total-coliform counts indicate contamination in the sampled Jaguaribe River water. It does not connect those counts to coconut sales, contaminated machinery or utensils, or a handler’s failure to follow good practices. (LLM, conf=0.84)

  Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
• cites Silva et al., 2021aNot matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Poor equipment and utensils hygiene, and nutritional changes caused by chemical contaminants influence the low quality of the product.

“In addition, poor of equipment and utensils hygiene, and nutritional changes caused by chemical contaminants influence the low quality of the product (Silva et al., 2017;Silva et al., 2018).”

• cites Silva et al., 2017 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source
• cites Silva et al., 2018 sourcePartly supported

  The Resumo (page not available) reports contamination in 30% of coconut-water samples and suggests it may be related to inadequate cleaning of vendors’ work utensils. It does not address nutritional changes caused by chemical contaminants, and it does not establish equipment hygiene as a cause. (LLM, conf=0.86)

  Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Klebsiella, Escherichia, Yersinia and Citrobacter are pathogens harmful to health, etiological agents responsible for numerous infections in humans and animals.

“Other genera of great clinical importance, such as Klebsiella, Escherichia, Yersinia and Citrobacter, are also pathogens harmful to health, as they are etiological agents of great occurrence, being responsible for numerous infections in humans and also in animals”

• cites Albuquerque et al., 2020 sourcePartly supported

  The Introduction (page not provided) identifies Klebsiella pneumoniae and Yersinia sp. among bacteria that may cause serious opportunistic infections in humans. The Discussion (page not provided) says K. pneumoniae and E. coli can cause opportunistic infections. The copy does not establish that all four named genera commonly cause numerous infections in both humans and animals; it does not address Citrobacter. (LLM, conf=0.85)

  Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The study's microbiological analyses were performed according to the Compendium of Methods for the Microbiological Examination of Foods of the American Public Health Association and the Manual of Methods for Microbiological Analysis of Foods.

“All microbiological analyzes were performed according to the Compendium of Methods for the Microbiological Examination of Foods of the American Public Health Association (Downes;Ito, 2001) and the Manual of Methods for Microbiological Analysis of Foods (Silva et al., 2010).”

• cites Downes;Ito, 2001Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites Silva et al., 2010 sourcePartly supported

  Section 2.2.2 (page unavailable) says the paper used a method recommended by Silva (2007) for Salmonella detection, and its References identify that work as a microbiological-analysis manual. It does not say that all analyses followed the manual or the APHA Compendium. (LLM, conf=0.83)

  Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

May combine two claims.

Thermotolerant coliform MPN values by month showed a significant difference (p<0.05), with values of 5.65x10 MPN/mL in May and 1.66x10^3 MPN/mL in September.

“there was a significant difference (p<0.05) in relation to the presence of microorganisms, with values of 5.65x10 MPN/mL in May and 1.66x10 3 MPN/mL in September”

The quote only partly states this claim.

There was no statistical difference (p>0.05) in total coliform MPN between the four points studied.

“with no statistical difference (0.05> p) between the studied samples.”

May combine two claims.

The 133 strains isolated comprised 45 (33.8%) Serratia liquefaciens, 26 (19.5%) Klebsiella pneumonia, 16 (12.0%) Enterobacter sp, 10 (7.5%) Serratia marcesens, 10 (7.5%) Yersinia enterocolitica, 9 (7%) Proteus mirabllis, 6 (4.5%) Hafnia alvei, 4 (3%) Escherichia coli, 4 (3%) Providencia alcalifaciens and 3 (2.2%) Citrobacter freundii.

“Of the 133 strains isolated from coconut water (100%), 45 (33.8%) refer to Serratia Iiquefaciens, 26 (19.5%)Klebsiella pneumonia, 16 (12.0%)Enterobacter sp, 10 (7,5%) Serratia marcesens, 10 (7.5%) Yersinia enterocolitica, 9 (7%) Proteus mirabllis, 6 (4.5%) Hafnia alvei, 4 (3%) Escherichia coli, 4 (3%) Providencia alcalifaciens and 3 (2.2%)Citrobacter freundii.”

May combine two claims.

Of the 24 samples analyzed, 133 bacterial strains were identified, all belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family.

“Of the twenty-four samples analyzed, 133 bacterial strains were identified, all belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family.”

May combine two claims.

Aerobic mesophilic bacteria grow at room temperature of 25 to 45°C, with an ideal temperature of 30°C.

“Aerobic mesophilic bacteria grow at a room temperature of 25 to 45°C, with an ideal temperature change of 30°C (Tortora et al., 2012).”

• cites Tortora et al., 2012Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

All samples had total coliform contamination above the reference standard of 100 MPN/mL and were classified as unsatisfactory for human consumption.

“all samples presented contaminations above the established standards, since the the level of contamination found in the analyzed samples was greater than 100 NMP/mL, being classified as unsatisfactory for human consumption.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S4 (based).

Street vendors are unaware of proper coconut handling and sanitation practices.

“Observing the results presupposes that street vendors are unaware of proper coconut handling and sanitation practices.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

When present in high numbers in foods, mesophilic aerobic bacteria can cause deterioration and/or reduced shelf life.

“when present in high numbers in foods, these agents can cause deterioration and/or reduced shelf life.”

• cites Fortuna;Fortuna, 2008Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

• cites Silva et al., 2009Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

Thermotolerant coliform numbers in the samples were above the permitted values according to ANVISA (maximum 100 MPN/mL), making them unsuitable for human consumption.

“TTC number are above of the permitted values according to National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA), being considered as unsuitable for human consumption.”

• Also stated in: § 3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION · plain

  “considered unfit for consumption in accordance with current Brazilian legislation, which recommends tolerable values of thermotolerant coliforms in food products, such as coconut water, maximum permitted tolerance of up to 100 MPN/mL (Brasil, 2001)”

• cites Brasil, 2001Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

The high MAB values signal the use of contaminated materials for coconut cutting, inadequate processing, and inefficient storage by street vendors.

“signaling the use of contaminated materials for coconut cutting, as well as inadequate processing and inefficient storage in terms of time and temperature performed by street vendors.”

May combine two claims.

Rainfall was 98.6 mm in May and 0.0 mm in September.

“There was rainfall of 98.6 mm in May, while in September 0.0 mm (FUNCEME, 2022).”

• cites FUNCEME, 2022Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

All samples collected showed a high rate of contamination by total and thermotolerant coliforms, in addition to the presence of mesophilic aerobic bacteria, indicating disagreement with current legislation.

“Based on the results obtained from the microbiological analysis of coconut water, it was concluded that all the samples collected showed a high rate of contamination by total and thermotolerant coliforms, in addition to the presence of mesophilic aerobic bacteria, indicating that they are in disagreement with current elegislation.”

May combine two claims.

In January and March, when more rainfall was observed, the temperature was close to 30°C, thus increasing the proliferation of mesophilic aerobic bacteria.

“In the months of January and march, when more rainfall was observed, the temperature was close to 30°C, thus increasing the proliferation of these microorganisms.”

Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

The samples were transported in isothermal boxes with sanitized ice sheets to not compromise microbiological quality.

“Afterwards, the samples were placed in isothermal boxes containing sanitized ice sheets in order not to compromise the microbiological quality of the samples”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

These pathogens are opportunistic and can be major causes of problems in debilitated patients once they find favorable conditions in the host.

“these pathogens are also opportunistic beings, since, once they find favorable conditions in the host, they are major causes of problems in debilitated patients (Rios et al., 2020).”

• cites Rios et al., 2020Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

May combine two claims.

The low cost and ease of handling of coconut in natura stimulates its marketing in outside locations, like sidewalks and street, which increases the risk of microbial contamination.

“The low cost and ease of handling of coconut in natura also stimulates its marketing in outside locations, like sidewalks and street (Santos et al., 2013), which increase the risk of microbial contamination.”

• cites Santos et al., 2013Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

Foods are considered an important vehicle for the transmission of microorganisms and diseases that can cause food outbreaks.

“Foods are considered an important vehicle for the transmission of microorganisms and diseases that can cause food outbreaks.”

• cites Franz et al., 2018 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

Genera Serratia, Enterobacter, Hafnia, Providencia and Proteus are present in nature and also found in the intestinal flora of man and other warm-blooded animals.

“The genera Serratia, Enterobacter, Hafnia, Providencia and Proteus are microorganisms present in nature, being also found in the intestinal flora of man and other warm-blooded animals.”

• cites Rios et al., 2020Not matched

  Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The analyses were performed in duplicate.

“The analyzes were performed in duplicate and the results expressed in CFU/mL.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The data obtained from MPN for TC, TTC and MAB were subjected to analysis of average comparison by the Tukey test at 5% probability using SAS.

“The data obtained from the NMP for CT, CTT and MAB were subjected to analysis of average comparison by the Tukey test at 5% probability, using the SAS statistical package.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The main microorganisms that cause infections and/or toxinfections food are Escherichia coli, Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp., and Shigella spp.

“The main microorganisms that cause infections and/or toxinfections food are Escherichia coli, Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp., and Shigella spp.(Franz et al., 2018).”

• cites Franz et al., 2018 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source

Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

The samples were kept in original packaging, sealed and without any possibility of external contamination.

“After collection, the samples were kept in their original packaging, sealed and without any possibility of external contamination.”

Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

The quality of ice used for conservation and deposited inside thermal reservoirs is a worrying factor.

“Another worrying factor is the quality of the ice used for conservation and which is deposited inside thermal reservoirs (Froehlich, 2015).”

• cites Froehlich, 2015 sourceNot checked — no full text of the source