The DOI matches its Crossref record; 4 of the 4 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Critical Race Theory, Race Equity, and Public Health: Toward Antiracism Praxis
Open accessAbstract
Racial scholars argue that racism produces rates of morbidity, mortality, and overall well-being that vary depending on socially assigned race. Eliminating racism is therefore central to achieving health equity, but this requires new paradigms that are responsive to structural racism's contemporary influence on health, health inequities, and research. Critical Race Theory is an emerging transdisciplinary, race-equity methodology that originated in legal studies and is grounded in social justice. Critical Race Theory's tools for conducting research and practice are intended to elucidate contemporary racial phenomena, expand the vocabulary with which to discuss complex racial concepts, and challenge racial hierarchies. We introduce Critical Race Theory to the public health community, highlight key Critical Race Theory characteristics (race consciousness, emphases on contemporary societal dynamics and socially marginalized groups, and praxis between research and practice) and describe Critical Race Theory's contribution to a study on racism and HIV testing among African Americans.
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In the citing paper
“In recent years, anti-racist efforts have emerged within public health that more thoroughly integrate critical race theory into methodologies and discourse [35, 36].”
From Towards a critical race methodology in algorithmic fairness (2020) · cites this paper as [36]
In the citing paper
“The PHCR praxis is an extension of CRT, as it infuses CRT tenets with public health practices through four identified focuses and ten guiding principles that imitate and expand upon the original CRT tenets (23, 24).”
From Exploring public health education’s integration of critical race theories: A scoping review (2023) · cites this paper as [24]
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Cited by
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Items 701–729 of 729
Vasher, S. T., Laux, J. P., Carson, S. S., & Wendlandt, B. (2024) · CHEST Critical Care · doi:10.1016/j.chstcc.2024.100092
“Future interventions should take a race-conscious, critical race theory-informed 41 approach to mitigate the effect of lived experiences that may be more prevalent in people belonging to underrepresented racial groups and contribute to medical mistrust.”
MCO Perspectives on Medicaid Policy: Racial Equity in Pregnancy and Child Health
Mcclure, C. L., Salter, C. L., Méndez, D. D., Cole, E. S., Sanders, S. A., Sharp, S., Smalls, M., Adodoadji, L., Bowden, A., & Jarlenski, M. (2024) · Health Equity · doi:10.1089/heq.2024.0025
Jarlenski, M., Cole, E. S., Mcclure, C. L., Sanders, S. A., Smalls, M., & Méndez, D. D. (2024) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-024-10982-5
Finding Antiracists: Construction of an Antiracism Attitude Scale
Yancey, G. (2024) · Sociological Focus · doi:10.1080/00380237.2024.2330470
“Furthermore, Ford and Airhihenbuwa (2010) have contended that in the field of public health CRT provides a praxis, or way to obtain knowledge, to be a tool to be used by antiracists to justify their calls for change.”
BackgroundPerez, M., Kelley, A., Ceballos, V., Milligan, K., & Cabrera, A. (2024) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2024.1162738
Kripalani, S., Banks, H.-W., Sivendra, A., Rugama, C., & Bartolo, I. D. (2023) · Harvard Medical Student Review · doi:10.65539/gm46w658
Wilson, B. L., Anderson, B., Davis, B., Gorchow, C., Tindall, J., & Foda, A. N. K. (2023) · Journal of Teaching in Social Work · doi:10.1080/08841233.2023.2284818 · Cited by 5
“However, CRT purports that the myth of colorblindness is used to undermine the presence and severity of racism in social institutions such as higher education, which perpetuates unjust experiences, particularly for people of color (Ford & Airhihenbuwa, 2010).”
BackgroundRhodes, R. L., Barrett, N. J., Bullock, K., & Johnson, K. S. (2023) · Journal of Palliative Medicine · doi:10.1089/jpm.2023.0440
Pilus, S. M., & Wahab, N. B. A. (2023) · International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development · doi:10.6007/ijarped/v12-i4/19560
Racial Identity and Health Outcomes in an Emerging Latinx Immigrant Community
Henderson, A., McCabe, B. E., Holleman, A., Gonzalez-Guarda, R. M., & Stafford, A. M. (2023) · Race and Social Problems · doi:10.1007/s12552-023-09394-7
“Public Health Critical Race Praxis considers core concepts from CRT including racialization, race consciousness, and racial hierarchies in service of understanding and addressing factors leading to health inequities (Ford & Airhihenbuwa, 2010).”
InfluentialHealth Implications of Racism, Sexism, and Social Class: Reflections From Nearly 30 Years Ago
Roux, A. V. D. (2022) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2022.03.001
What you should know about RACISM-20 in the U.S.: a fact sheet in the time of COVID-19
Petteway, R. J. (2022) · Critical Public Health · doi:10.1080/09581596.2022.2078180 · Cited by 1
“…to structural racism (Adkins-Jackson et al., 2021; Agénor et al., 2021; Bailey et al., 2017; Gee & Ford, 2011; Mesic et al., 2018), critical race theory (Ford & Airhihenbuwa, 2010a, 2010b; Siegel, 2020), and critical theory related to narrative power in discourse of health determinants and…”
BackgroundJackson, B. (2022) · Public Health Nursing · doi:10.1111/phn.12938
HIV Beliefs Among African Americans with HIV/AIDS in the Deep South Can Time Heal Old Wounds?
Parsons, S. (2021) · Journal of Health Care and Research · doi:10.36502/2021/hcr.6191
“If we view this body of research through the “insider” lens of public health critical race theorists [111-113] our mindful messaging as researchers can be the “praxis between research and practice” [111].”
BackgroundDiversity in Public Library Boards: Perspectives of Board Members
Kumaran, M., & Templeton, L. (2020) · Partnership: The Canadian Journal of Library and Information Practice and Research · doi:10.21083/partnership.v15i2.5411
“CRT stemmed from the critical legal studies movement during the seventies in the United States and was grounded in social justice for African-American equity (Crenshaw et al., 1995; Ford & Airhihenbuwa, 2010).”
BackgroundFeldman, C. H. (2020) · Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.rdc.2020.08.001
“Critical race theory asserts that race is a social construct and highlights the pervasive role racism continues to play in our society and in health care.(2) Social determinants of health refer to the “features of and pathways by which societal conditions affect health and that potentially can be altered by informed a…”
Eberly, L. A., Wispelwey, B. P., Richterman, A. G., Beckett, A. G., Manchanda, E. C. C., Marsh, R. H., Chang, C. Y., Glynn, R. J., Brooks, K. C., Boxer, R. B., et al. (2020) · Circulation Heart Failure · doi:10.1161/circheartfailure.120.007193 · Cited by 5
Stein, M. N. (2019) · Ethical Human Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1891/1559-4343.21.1.19
“…and creativity are critical to reducing racial disparities, as stakeholders will need to let go of approaches and characteristics that are typical of the dominant culture and embrace changes that reflect the values and priorities of other cultures and ethnicities (Ford & Airhihenbuwa, 2010).”
BackgroundDo You Know? Edutainment, HIV/AIDS, and African Americans
Berry, V. T., & White-Langhorn, K. (2018) · doi:10.1080/10646175.2017.1392908
“Specifically, Ford and Airhihenbuwa (2010) explored the connection between racism and health equity using exemplification theory.”
BackgroundComparing, Confounding, or Clarifying?
Xu, J., & Fullerton, A. S. (2013) · doi:10.2753/csa2162-0555460204
Gonzalez, M., Yahaya, M., Yang, R. J., Knazze, J. T., Yasin, T., Ihrke, D. M., Cho, Y. I., Lathen, L. S., & Laestadius, L. I. (2025) · SSM - Qualitative Research in Health · doi:10.1016/j.ssmqr.2025.100606
Lee, J., & Allen, J. (2023) · Journal of Men s Health · doi:10.22514/jomh.2023.054
Padilla-Frausto, D. I., & Wallace, S. P. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-70119-2_3 · Cited by 2
Racial Gatekeeping in Country & Hip-Hop Music
Pope, C. (2020) · doi:10.15760/honors.980
“As well, the theory drives home that racism isn’t the same as being racially conscious and being colorblind isn’t the same as being nonracist (Bonilla-Silva, 2006 as cited in Ford & Airhihenbuwa, 2010).”
BackgroundA Tale of Two Generations: Maternal Skin Color and Adverse Birth Outcomes in Black American Women
Slaughter, J. C., Brown, T. N., Keith, V., Dailey, R. K., & Misra, D. P. (2019) · Social Science Research Network · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3491907
“…researchers conclude rightfully that racism as a structure and process plays an important role in the durability of these health disparities (Ford & Airhihenbuwa, 2010; Gee et al., 2012; C. P. Jones, 2000; Williams et al., 2019), protecting the health status of whites and damaging the…”
BackgroundInfluentialAttending to systemic racism : advancing public health's approach to youth violence prevention.
Castle, B. F. (2017) · doi:10.18297/etd/2755
“Ford and Airhihenbuwa (2010) adapted the Critical Race Theory approach to create a Public Health Critical Race Framework for research and practice.”
BackgroundExamining Qualitative Alternatives to Categorical Representation: The Case of Culture and Health
Lynam, M. J. (2015) · Handbooks in health, work, and disability · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-2920-7_3
Framing Marginalized Communities
Danaher, M., Cook, J., Danaher, G., Coombes, P., & Danaher, P. (2013) · doi:10.1057/9781137012685_3
The impact of racism on clinician cognition, behavior, and clinical decision making
van Ryn, M., Burgess, D. J., Dovidio, J. F., Phelan, S. M., Saha, S., Malat, J., Griffin, J. M., Fu, S. S., & Perry, S. (2011) · Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race · doi:10.1017/s1742058x11000191 · Cited by 303
“Explanations for inequality then focus on the failure of outgroups—in this case Blacks—to achieve normal social status (Delgado and Stefancic, 2001; Ford and Airhihenbuwa, 2010).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Ford, C. L., & Airhihenbuwa, C. O.
- Affiliations
- Pennsylvania State University (US)
- Venue
- American Journal of Public Health
- Publisher
- American Public Health Association
- Published
- 2010-04
- Volume
- 100
- Issue
- S1
- Pages
- S30-S35
- ISSN
- 0090-0036 (ISSN-L)
- 1541-0048
- PMC
- PMC2837428
- OpenAlex
- W1965164285
- Cited by
- 995
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 54 · 2025: 91 · 2024: 107 · 2023: 126 · 2022: 160 · 2021: 150 · 2020: 81 · 2019: 43 · 2018: 38 · 2017: 40 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 29 · 2014: 23 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 34.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- American Journal of Public Health (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- University Libraries (University of Maryland) (submittedVersion)
- Digital Repository at the University of Maryland (University of Maryland College Park)
- Funders
- W.K. Kellogg Foundation
- Center for AIDS Research, University of Washington
- National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities
- UCLA AIDS Institute
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Critical Race Theory in Education
- Social Sciences › Anthropology › Race, Genetics, and Society
- Keywords
- critical race theory, racial equity, anti-racism, structural racism, health equity, HIV testing, African Americans, racial consciousness, marginalized communities, racial hierarchy
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Models, Theoretical, Prejudice, Public Health, United States, Racial Groups, Health Status Disparities
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