A Prediction Equation for Total Body Water from Bioelectrical Impedance in Japanese Children.
Open accessAbstract
Total body water (TBW) measured by isotope dilution techniques can be used to assess body composition safely and accurately in children. Unfortunately, this method is not readily available for most research projects, particularly when working with large groups of people, because the equipment is complicated and highly specialized. Bioelectrical impedance (BI) method is a simple, quick, and inexpensive method for the assessment of total body water (TBW). In Japanese child population, however, a lack of prediction equations is a problem to determine TBW. The purpose of this study was to determine the prediction equation for TBW determination in Japanese children using the isotope dilution technique as the reference method. Seventy Japanese children (39 boys, 31 girls) with ages ranging between 3 and 6 years participated in this study. They were randomly divided into the validation group (26 boys, 20 girls) and cross-validation group (13 boys, 11 girls). In a forward stepwise regression analysis, 96% of the variability in TBW measured by deuterium oxide (D(2)O) dilution could be predicted by the following equation: TBW(kg)=0.149 x Resistance Index (Stature(2)/resistance, cm(2)/Omega)+0.244 x Weight(kg)+0.460 x Age(y)+0.501 x Sex (boy=1, girl=0)+1.628, with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.440 kg in the validation group. This equation predicted TBW in the cross-validation group with R(2)=0.946 and a pure error (PE)=0.400 kg TBW. Hence, this equation should be applicable for predicting TBW in Japanese children aged 3-6 y.
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As for TBW in under 18 years old, five equations are suitable for both sexes.
“As for TBW, five equations are suitable for both sexes [37, 58, 72, 75, 100].”
From High-standard predictive equations for estimating body composition using bioelectrical impedance analysis: a systematic review (2024) · cites this paper as [58]
The Abstract describes one TBW prediction equation developed in Japanese boys and girls aged 3–6, and the Discussion’s Table 3 reports cross-validation results for each sex. This supports citing the paper as one example of an equation for both sexes, but it does not establish suitability across all ages under 18. The five-equation count belongs to the citing sentence’s group of references, not to this paper alone. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredOut of the 19 equations for under 18 years old, 12 were developed using foot-to-hand technology.
“Out of the 19 equations, 12 were developed using foot to hand technology [37, 55, 58, 59, 72, 73, 75, 76, 100] and seven equations were developed using segmental technology [43–45, 57, 74].”
From High-standard predictive equations for estimating body composition using bioelectrical impedance analysis: a systematic review (2024) · cites this paper as [58]
The remaining 12 studies on subjects under 18 years old were performed in different countries around the world and included both sexes.
“Two of these studies were conducted in the USA, where no female participants were involved [55, 76], while the remaining 12 studies were performed in different countries around the world with both sexes included [37, 43–45, 57–59, 72–75, 100].”
From High-standard predictive equations for estimating body composition using bioelectrical impedance analysis: a systematic review (2024) · cites this paper as [58]
Concerning foot-to-hand technology for under 18 years old, eight equations are suitable for both sexes.
“Concerning foot-to-hand technology, four equations are suitable only for females [55, 76], while eight are suitable for both sexes [37, 58, 59, 72, 73, 75, 100].”
From High-standard predictive equations for estimating body composition using bioelectrical impedance analysis: a systematic review (2024) · cites this paper as [58]
The best BIA equations developed for specific population groups have been properly validated.
“The best BIA equations developed for specific population groups have been properly validated [22-24].”
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“As a secondary aim, we compared the performance of two other equations calibrated by deuterium dilution in paediatric populations, developed by Masuda and Komiya (30) (hereon referred to as the “Masuda equation”) for children in Japan and Essa’a et al. (31) (hereon referred to as the “Essa’a equation”) for children in…”
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- Authors
- Masuda, T., & Komiya, S.
- Affiliations
- Nakamura Gakuen University Junior College (JP)
- Kyushu University (JP)
- ORCID
- Masuda, Takashi
- Venue
- Journal of PHYSIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY and Applied Human Science
- Published
- 2004
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 35-39
- ISSN
- 1345-3475 (ISSN-L)
- 1347-5355
- OpenAlex
- W2013832605
- Cited by
- 15
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 3 · 2014: 1 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 0.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of PHYSIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY and Applied Human Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Body Composition Measurement Techniques
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Electrical and Bioimpedance Tomography
- Keywords
- total body water, bioimpedance, prediction equations, children, Japanese children, deuterium dilution, body composition, resistance index, stepwise regression
- MeSH terms
- Algorithms, Anthropometry, Body Composition, Body Water, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Japan, Male, Models, Biological, Predictive Value of Tests, Regression Analysis, Electric Impedance
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