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Cited by 85Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive PhysiologyAnimal Nutrition and PhysiologyAgricultural Engineering and Mechanization

Silage Additives

Kung, Limin, Stokes, Martin R., Lin, C. J.·2003·Agronomy Monographs
DOI 10.2134/agronmonogr42.c7
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Abstract

This chapter presents classification of silage additives: stimulators of fermentation, inhibitors of fermentation, inhibitors of aerobic deterioration, and nutrients and absorbents, while acknowledging that some additives fall into multiple categories. There have been two primary reasons for using cell wall degrading enzymes as silage additives. First, enzymes were added to improve the supply of fermentable water soluble carbohydrates for silage fermentation in crops that were difficult to ensile and whose fermentations were dominated by Clostridia. The second is that in some areas where the quality of fermentation can be increased by wilting to a dry matter that promotes satisfactory preservation of grass and alfalfa silage, enzymes have been added primarily to reduce the fiber content of silage or to improve digestibility. Inorganic acids have been used as silage additives since the late 1800s, but inorganic acids were not widely accepted in silage making until the late 1920s when Virtanen conducted extensive studies with these acids.

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Crossref · 10.2134/agronmonogr42.c7

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16 of 16 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • The silage additives with the longest history of inhibiting yeasts and molds are organic acids or their salts.

    “The silage additives with the longest history of inhibiting yeasts and molds are organic acids or their salts (Kung et al., 2003).”

    From Silage review: Factors affecting dry matter and quality losses in silages (2018) · cites this paper as Kung et al., 2003

  • Formic acid, on average, reduced pH as well as lactate, acetate, and butyrate production, but ethanol production and effluent losses were increased so DM losses were similar between untreated and formic acid-treated silages.

    “Formic acid, on average, reduced pH as well as lactate, acetate, and butyrate production. However, ethanol production and effluent losses were increased so DM losses were similar between untreated and formic acid-treated silages.”

    From Silage review: Factors affecting dry matter and quality losses in silages (2018) · cites this paper as Kung et al., 2003

  • The review of Kung et al. (2003) suggested buffered propionic acid products needed to be applied at 2 to 3 kg/tonne of fresh weight to consistently improve aerobic stability in corn silage.

    “The review of Kung et al. (2003) suggested buffered propionic acid products needed to be applied at 2 to 3 kg/tonne of fresh weight to consistently improve aerobic stability in corn silage.”

    From Silage review: Factors affecting dry matter and quality losses in silages (2018) · cites this paper as Kung et al., 2003

  • The effects of chemical additives are dependent upon application rates at or above those recommended on the product label.

    “However, those effects are dependent upon application rates at or above those recommended on the product label as indicated by Kung et al. (2003).”

    From Silage review: Factors affecting dry matter and quality losses in silages (2018) · cites this paper as Kung et al. (2003)

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Authors
Kung, L., Stokes, M. R., & Lin, C. J.
Affiliations
  • University of Delaware (US)
  • University of Maine (US)
ORCID
Venue
Agronomy Monographs
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2003-01
Pages
305-360
ISSN
  • 0065-4663 (ISSN-L)
  • 2156-3276
DOI
10.2134/agronmonogr42.c7
OpenAlex
W4240881559
Cited by
85
References
16
Citations by year
2026: 9 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 3
Type
other
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
Agronomy monograph/Agronomy (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Nutrition and Physiology
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Agricultural Engineering and Mechanization
Keywords
silage additives, fermentation inhibitors, aerobic deterioration, cell wall degrading enzymes, inorganic acids, Clostridium, silage fermentation, grass silage, alfalfa silage, digestibility, water-soluble carbohydrates

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