The effect of treating whole-plant barley with Lactobacillus buchneri 40788 on silage fermentation, aerobic stability, and nutritive value for dairy cows
Open accessAbstract
Chopped barley forage was ensiled untreated or treated with several doses (1 x 10(5) to 1 x 10(6) cfu/g of fresh forage) of Lactobacillus buchneri 40788 in laboratory silos and untreated or treated (4 x 10(5) cfu/g) in a farm silo. Silage from the farm silos was fed to lactating cows. In the laboratory silo, the effects of inoculation on fermentation and aerobic stability were also compared to silage treated with a commercial inoculant and a buffered propionic acid additive. Inoculation with L. buchneri 40788 decreased the final concentrations of lactic acid but increased concentrations of acetic acid and ethanol in silage from laboratory and farm silos. Silages stored in laboratory silos did not heat after exposure to air for 7 d and were then mixed with alfalfa silage and a concentrate to form total mixed rations (TMR) that were further exposed to air. The TMR containing silages treated with L. buchneri 40788 or a buffered propionic-acid-based additive took longer to heat and spoil than the TMR containing untreated silage or silagetreated with the commercial inoculant. Silage stored in a farm silo and treated with L. buchneri 40788 had fewer yeasts and molds than did untreated silage. Aerobic stability was greater in treated silage alone and in a TMR containing treated silage. Dry matter intake (18.6 kg/d), milk production (25.7 kg/d), and milk composition did not differ between cows fed a TMR containinguntreated or treated silage. These findings show that L. buchneri can improve the aerobic stability of barley silage in laboratory and farm silos and that feeding treated silage had no negative effect on intake or performance.
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TL;DR
Treating whole-plant barley silage with Lactobacillus buchneri 40788 increased acetic acid and ethanol, reduced lactic acid, improved aerobic stability in laboratory and farm silos, and had no negative effect on intake or milk production in lactating dairy cows. The highest laboratory dose was most effective for TMR stability, while farm-treated silage had fewer yeasts and longer stability than untreated.
Key findings
- In laboratory silos after 120 d, L. buchneri 40788 lowered lactic acid (control 3.53% vs 2.11–2.51% for LB1–LB3) and raised acetic acid (control 2.48% vs 4.06–4.98%) and ethanol (control 0.43% vs average 0.91% for treated); propionic acid was greater for LB2 (1.29%) and LB3 (1.44%) than control (0.28%).
- Laboratory silages did not heat after 7 d air exposure, but TMR containing L. buchneri-treated barley was more stable than TMR with untreated silage (95 h); BPA was 105 h and LB1/LB2 averaged 106 h, with the highest dose most effective.
- In the farm silo after 10 mo, treated barley silage had fewer yeasts (2.63 vs 4.89 log10 cfu/g) and greater aerobic stability (190 h vs 66 h) than untreated; TMR stability was also greater with treated silage.
- Lactation study: DMI (18.6 kg/d), milk production (25.7 kg/d), and milk composition did not differ between cows fed TMR containing untreated vs treated barley silage.
Methods
- Laboratory silo study: chopped whole-plant barley wilted to ~36% DM, ensiled in macro silos in triplicate with untreated, L. buchneri 40788 at 1 × 10^5, 5 × 10^5, or 1 × 10^6 cfu/g plus enzymes, a commercial inoculant, or a buffered propionic acid additive; stored 120 d at 20–27°C, then analyzed for fermentation, microbes, DM recovery, and aerobic stability alone and in TMR.
- Lactation study: barley harvested at early heading, wilted to ~40% DM, ensiled untreated or treated with L. buchneri 40788 at 4 × 10^5 cfu/g in a bag silo; after 10 mo, 20 Holstein cows (14 multiparous, 6 primiparous; average 25 kg milk/d, 184 ± 28 DIM) were used in a crossover design with two 4-wk periods, last 2 wk collection, fed TMR with 35% untreated or treated barley silage, 15% corn silage, 50% concentrate.
- Analyses: microbial data log10-transformed; chemical data on DM basis; ANOVA via SAS GLM, Tukey’s test, P < 0.05.
Limitations
- Stated: the lactation study was designed to evaluate potential negative effects of feeding L. buchneri-treated silage during moderate weather (22–28°C), not to show positive effects under severely hot weather and/or poor management.
- Stated: 1,2-propanediol was not measured, and some findings (e.g., propionic acid increases, lower starch/CP in LB2) were unexplained.
- Evident: the farm-scale silo comparison used one bag silo split into untreated and treated halves rather than replicated farm silos; laboratory silages did not heat after 7 d, so TMR stability was assessed using alfalfa silage with high yeast/mold counts (5.17 and 3.00 log10 cfu/g) that spoiled after 124 h.
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Claims the paper makes
0 of 27 cited sources checked · 0 supported · 0 flagged
- Findingown data
Total mixed rations containing barley silage treated with a buffered propionic acid-based additive took longer to heat and spoil than total mixed rations containing barley silage treated with the commercial inoculant.
“The TMR containing silages treated with L. buchneri 40788 or a buffered propionicacid-based additive took longer to heat and spoil than the TMR containing untreated silage or silage treated with the commercial inoculant.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
Dry matter intake did not differ between lactating cows fed a total mixed ration containing untreated barley silage and cows fed a total mixed ration containing barley silage treated with Lactobacillus buchneri 40788.
“Dry matter intake (18.6 kg/d), milk production (25.7 kg/d), and milk composition did not differ between cows fed a TMR containing untreated or treated silage.”
- Also stated in: § Lactation Study · plain
“Dry matter intake, milk production, and milk composition were not different between treatments (Table 7).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Also stated in: § Lactation Study · plain
- Findingown data
Aerobic stability was greater in farm-silo barley silage treated with Lactobacillus buchneri 40788 than in untreated farm-silo barley silage.
“Aerobic stability was greater in treated silage alone and in a TMR containing treated silage.”
- Also stated in: § Lactation Study · plain
“The aerobic stability of untreated silage was 66 h, whereas treated silage was stable for 190 h.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Also stated in: § Lactation Study · plain
- Findingown data
Milk production did not differ between lactating cows fed a total mixed ration containing untreated barley silage and cows fed a total mixed ration containing barley silage treated with Lactobacillus buchneri 40788.
“Dry matter intake (18.6 kg/d), milk production (25.7 kg/d), and milk composition did not differ between cows fed a TMR containing untreated or treated silage.”
- Also stated in: § Lactation Study · plain
“Dry matter intake, milk production, and milk composition were not different between treatments (Table 7).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Also stated in: § Lactation Study · plain
- Findingown data
Total mixed rations containing barley silage treated with Lactobacillus buchneri 40788 took longer to heat and spoil than total mixed rations containing barley silage treated with the commercial inoculant.
“The TMR containing silages treated with L. buchneri 40788 or a buffered propionicacid-based additive took longer to heat and spoil than the TMR containing untreated silage or silage treated with the commercial inoculant.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
- Findingown data
Inoculation with Lactobacillus buchneri 40788 reduced the final lactic acid concentration in silage from both laboratory and farm silos.
“Inoculation with L. buchneri 40788 decreased the final concentrations of lactic acid but increased concentrations of acetic acid and ethanol in silage from laboratory and farm silos.”
- Also stated in: § Laboratory Silo Study · plain
“Concentrations of lactic acid were lower in silages treated with L. buchneri 40788 when compared to other silages.”
- Also stated in: § Lactation Study · hedged
“Treated silage also had a tendency (P < 0.08) for a lower concentration of lactic acid but higher concentration of acetic acid than did untreated silage.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Also stated in: § Laboratory Silo Study · plain
- Findingown data
Barley silage stored in a farm silo and treated with Lactobacillus buchneri 40788 had fewer yeasts than untreated barley silage.
“Silage stored in a farm silo and treated with L. buchneri 40788 had fewer yeasts and molds than did untreated silage.”
- Also stated in: § Lactation Study · plain
“Untreated silage contained 4.89 log 10 cfu of yeasts per gram of silage, but treated silage had only 2.63 log 10 cfu of yeasts per gram of silage.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Also stated in: § Lactation Study · plain
- Findingown data
Inoculation with Lactobacillus buchneri 40788 increased the acetic acid concentration in silage from both laboratory and farm silos.
“Inoculation with L. buchneri 40788 decreased the final concentrations of lactic acid but increased concentrations of acetic acid and ethanol in silage from laboratory and farm silos.”
- Also stated in: § Laboratory Silo Study · plain
“In contrast, the concentrations of acetic acid were greater in all silages treated with L. buchneri 40788.”
- Also stated in: § Lactation Study · hedged
“Treated silage also had a tendency (P < 0.08) for a lower concentration of lactic acid but higher concentration of acetic acid than did untreated silage.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Also stated in: § Laboratory Silo Study · plain
- Findingown data
Total mixed rations containing barley silage treated with Lactobacillus buchneri 40788 took longer to heat and spoil than total mixed rations containing untreated barley silage.
“The TMR containing silages treated with L. buchneri 40788 or a buffered propionicacid-based additive took longer to heat and spoil than the TMR containing untreated silage or silage treated with the commercial inoculant.”
- Also stated in: § Journal of Dairy Science Vol. 85, No. 7, 2002 · plain
“All TMR containing barley silages inoculated with L. buchneri 40788 were more stable than the TMR containing untreated silage (95 h).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Also stated in: § Journal of Dairy Science Vol. 85, No. 7, 2002 · plain
- Findingown data
Barley silage stored in laboratory silos did not heat after being exposed to air for 7 days.
“Silages stored in laboratory silos did not heat after exposure to air for 7 d”
- Also stated in: § Journal of Dairy Science Vol. 85, No. 7, 2002 · plain
“After exposure to air for 7 d, barley silage from laboratory silos did not heat (data not shown).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Also stated in: § Journal of Dairy Science Vol. 85, No. 7, 2002 · plain
- Findingown data
Total mixed rations containing barley silage treated with a buffered propionic acid-based additive took longer to heat and spoil than total mixed rations containing untreated barley silage.
“The TMR containing silages treated with L. buchneri 40788 or a buffered propionicacid-based additive took longer to heat and spoil than the TMR containing untreated silage or silage treated with the commercial inoculant.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
Aerobic stability was greater in a total mixed ration containing barley silage treated with Lactobacillus buchneri 40788 than in a total mixed ration containing untreated barley silage.
“Aerobic stability was greater in treated silage alone and in a TMR containing treated silage.”
- Also stated in: § Lactation Study · plain
“The aerobic stability of the TMR was greater when it contained barley treated with L. buchneri 40788.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Also stated in: § Lactation Study · plain
- Findingown data
Inoculation with Lactobacillus buchneri 40788 increased the ethanol concentration in silage from both laboratory and farm silos.
“Inoculation with L. buchneri 40788 decreased the final concentrations of lactic acid but increased concentrations of acetic acid and ethanol in silage from laboratory and farm silos.”
- Also stated in: § Laboratory Silo Study · plain
“treatment with L. buchneri 40788 caused an increase in the accumulation of ethanol in silages (0.43% in untreated silage and an average of 0.91% in silages treated with LB 40788).”
- Also stated in: § Lactation Study · plain
“Treated silage also had a higher concentration of ethanol than did untreated silage.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Also stated in: § Laboratory Silo Study · plain
- Findingown data
Barley silage stored in a farm silo and treated with Lactobacillus buchneri 40788 had fewer molds than untreated barley silage.
“Silage stored in a farm silo and treated with L. buchneri 40788 had fewer yeasts and molds than did untreated silage.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
In farm silages, L. buchneri 40788 treatment increased aerobic stability compared with untreated silage.
“In our farm silages, treatment with L. buchneri 40788 decreased the numbers of yeasts and molds and increased aerobic stability when compared to untreated silage.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
Applying L. buchneri 40788 at ensiling can improve the aerobic stability of barley silage made in laboratory and farm-scale silos.
“The current study provides evidence that when applied at ensiling, L. buchneri 40788 can improve the aerobic stability of barley silage when made in laboratory and farm-scale silos.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
Treated silage had a tendency (P < 0.08) for a lower lactic acid concentration than untreated silage.
“Treated silage also had a tendency (P < 0.08) for a lower concentration of lactic acid but higher concentration of acetic acid than did untreated silage.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
Alfalfa silage alone spoiled after 124 hours of exposure to air.
“Alfalfa silage alone spoiled after 124 h of exposure to air.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
Feeding silage treated with L. buchneri 40788, which had high acetic acid, had no effect on milk production of lactating cows.
“Our results showed that feeding silage treated with L. buchneri 40788, which contained a high concentration of acetic acid, had no effect on the DMI or production of lactating cows.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingcitation
Treatment with L. buchneri 40788 and enzymes did not affect ADF, NDF, CP, or starch content of silage, as in past studies.
“As in past studies, treatment with L. buchneri 40788 and enzymes had no effects on the ADF, NDF, CP, or starch content of silage (Ranjit and Kung, 2000;Kung and Ranjit, 2001).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked - Findingown data
After 120 days of ensiling in laboratory silos, treatment did not affect the concentrations of water-soluble carbohydrates, crude protein, acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber, or starch.
“After 120 d of ensiling in laboratory silos, the concentrations of WSC, CP, ADF, NDF, and starch were not affected by treatment (Table 2).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
In laboratory silos, all application rates of L. buchneri 40788 (1 × 10^5 to 1 × 10^6 cfu/g) increased the hours a TMR remained stable when exposed to air.
“In laboratory silos, all rates of application of L. buchneri 40788 (1 × 10 5 to 1 × 10 6 cfu/g) increased the number of hours that a TMR remained stable when exposed to air, but the highest dose was most effective.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
In laboratory silos, barley silage treated with L. buchneri 40788 had a higher ethanol concentration than untreated silage.
“Barley ensiled in laboratory silos with L. buchneri 40788 had lower concentrations of lactic acid but increased concentrations of acetic acid and ethanol when compared to untreated silage.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingnone given
In this study, silage treated with LB2 had a lower CP concentration than other silages.
“An exception in this study was a lower concentration of starch and CP in silage treated with LB2, and we have no explanation for this finding.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
In laboratory silos, barley silage treated with L. buchneri 40788 had a lower lactic acid concentration than untreated silage.
“Barley ensiled in laboratory silos with L. buchneri 40788 had lower concentrations of lactic acid but increased concentrations of acetic acid and ethanol when compared to untreated silage.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
Mixing farm-scale silage treated with L. buchneri 40788 into a TMR improved TMR aerobic stability, as in the laboratory study.
“As found in the laboratory study, mixing silage from a farm-scale silo that had been treated with L. buchneri 40788 to make a TMR improved its aerobic stability.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
Yeast counts in freshly chopped barley forage ranged from 4.46 to 5.83 log10 cfu/g.
“Yeasts ranged from 4.46 to 5.83 log 10 cfu/g, and molds ranged from 3.85 to 4.50 log 10 cfu/g.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingreasoning
The laboratory silages remained stable after 7 days of exposure to air.
“Because the numbers of yeasts and molds were low in all silages stored in the laboratory silos, these silages remained stable even after 7 d of exposure to air.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
Propionic acid concentrations were greater in silages treated with LB2 (1.29%) and LB3 (1.44%) than in untreated silage (0.28%).
“In addition, the concentrations of propionic acid were greater in silages treated with LB2 (1.29%) and LB3 (1.44%) than in untreated silage (0.28%).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
Milk composition did not differ between lactating cows fed a total mixed ration containing untreated barley silage and cows fed a total mixed ration containing barley silage treated with Lactobacillus buchneri 40788.
“Dry matter intake (18.6 kg/d), milk production (25.7 kg/d), and milk composition did not differ between cows fed a TMR containing untreated or treated silage.”
- Also stated in: § Lactation Study · plain
“Dry matter intake, milk production, and milk composition were not different between treatments (Table 7).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Also stated in: § Lactation Study · plain
- Findingown data
Buffered propionic acid preservative treatment improved TMR aerobic stability to an extent similar to that from barley silage treated with 1 and 5 × 10^5 cfu/g L. buchneri 40788.
“In addition, silage treated with the buffered propionic acid preservative improved the aerobic stability of the TMR to an extent that was similar to that found from TMR made with barley silage treated with 1 and 5 × 10 5 cfu/g of L. buchneri 40788.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
Feeding silage treated with L. buchneri 40788, which had high acetic acid, had no effect on DMI of lactating cows.
“Our results showed that feeding silage treated with L. buchneri 40788, which contained a high concentration of acetic acid, had no effect on the DMI or production of lactating cows.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
When laboratory silages were mixed with untreated alfalfa silage and dairy concentrate into an experimental TMR, TMR aerobic stability was better if the barley silage had been treated with L. buchneri 40788.
“However, when these silages were mixed with untreated alfalfa silage and a dairy concentrate to make an experimental TMR, the aerobic stabilities of the TMR were better when they contained silages that had been treated with L. buchneri 40788.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
In laboratory silos, the commercial inoculant lowered the butyric acid concentration of barley silage.
“When compared to untreated silage, inoculation with the commercial inoculant had few effects on the fermentation of barley silage in laboratory silos, with the exception of a lower concentration of butyric acid.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
In farm silages, L. buchneri 40788 treatment decreased yeast and mold numbers compared with untreated silage.
“In our farm silages, treatment with L. buchneri 40788 decreased the numbers of yeasts and molds and increased aerobic stability when compared to untreated silage.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
The pH of treated silages did not differ from the pH of untreated silage in the laboratory silo study.
“The pH of treated silages were not different when compared to the pH of untreated silage.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
Propionic acid was not detected in any farm-silo silages in the current study.
“However, propionic acid was not detected in any of our silages from the farm silo.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
After 10 months of storage, barley silage treated with Lactobacillus buchneri 40788 and fed during the lactation study had slightly greater concentrations of acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber than untreated silage.
“After the 10 mo of storage, barley silage treated with L. buchneri 40788 fed during the lactation study had slightly greater concentrations of ADF and NDF than did untreated silage (Table 4).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
Silage treated with the buffered propionic acid-based additive was as stable (105 h) as silages treated with LB1 and LB2 (average 106 h).
“but silage treated with BPA was as stable (105 h) as silages treated with LB1 and LB2 (average 106 h).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
In laboratory silos, barley silage treated with L. buchneri 40788 had a higher acetic acid concentration than untreated silage.
“Barley ensiled in laboratory silos with L. buchneri 40788 had lower concentrations of lactic acid but increased concentrations of acetic acid and ethanol when compared to untreated silage.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
In laboratory silos, the commercial inoculant had few effects on barley silage fermentation.
“When compared to untreated silage, inoculation with the commercial inoculant had few effects on the fermentation of barley silage in laboratory silos, with the exception of a lower concentration of butyric acid.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
Treatments had no effect on dry matter recovery compared with untreated silage.
“Treatments also had no effects on the recovery of DM when compared to untreated silage.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
Increasing the application rate of L. buchneri 40788 above 1 × 10^5 cfu/g had few effects on the lactic acid, acetic acid, and ethanol concentrations in laboratory barley silage.
“In general, increasing the application of L. buchneri 40788 above 1 × 10 5 cfu/g had few effects on these end products.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
Treated silage had a tendency (P < 0.08) for a higher acetic acid concentration than untreated silage.
“Treated silage also had a tendency (P < 0.08) for a lower concentration of lactic acid but higher concentration of acetic acid than did untreated silage.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingnone given
In laboratory silos, all silages had low yeast and mold numbers.
“Because the numbers of yeasts and molds were low in all silages stored in the laboratory silos, these silages remained stable even after 7 d of exposure to air.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
In the current study, laboratory-stored barley silage treated with L. buchneri 40788 had a higher propionic acid concentration than untreated silage.
“In the current study, barley silages that had been treated with L. buchneri 40788 and stored in laboratory silos had greater concentrations of propionic acid than did untreated silage.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
Only the buffered propionic acid-based additive had detectable concentrations of propionic acid (0.28%) in the fresh forage.
“Only BPA had detectable concentrations of propionic acid (0.28%).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
The commercial inoculant did not produce higher propionic acid concentrations despite containing propionibacteria.
“The commercial inoculant also had no effect on the aerobic stability of the TMR, and although it contained propionibacteria, it did not contain higher concentrations of propionic acid.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
Farm-silo barley silage treated with 4 × 10^5 cfu/g L. buchneri 40788 had an acetic acid concentration more than 40% greater than untreated silage.
“Our barley silage stored in the farm silo and treated with 4 × 10 5 cfu/g of L. buchneri 40788 also had a concentration of acetic acid that was greater (>40%) than that found in untreated silage.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
Treatment with the commercial inoculant had no effect on aerobic stability.
“Treatment with IN had no effect on aerobic stability”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
Treatment with the commercial inoculant and the buffered propionic acid-based additive had no effect on the concentrations of lactic, acetic, or propionic acids compared with untreated silage.
“Treatment with IN and BPA had no effects on the concentrations of these acids compared with untreated silage.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
The commercial inoculant had no effect on the aerobic stability of the TMR.
“The commercial inoculant also had no effect on the aerobic stability of the TMR, and although it contained propionibacteria, it did not contain higher concentrations of propionic acid.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
Treated silage had a higher ethanol concentration than untreated silage.
“Treated silage also had a higher concentration of ethanol than did untreated silage.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingnone given
In this study, silage treated with LB2 had a lower starch concentration than other silages.
“An exception in this study was a lower concentration of starch and CP in silage treated with LB2, and we have no explanation for this finding.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim - Findingown data
Feeding cows a TMR containing silage treated with L. buchneri 40788 had no adverse effects on milk production.
“Feeding cows a TMR containing silage treated with L. buchneri 40788 had no adverse effects on DM intake or milk production.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
Addition of 0.2% (wt/wt) buffered propionic acid-based additive to barley forage improved TMR aerobic stability to an extent similar to low and moderate doses of L. buchneri 40788.
“Addition of 0.2% (wt/wt) of a buffered propionic acid-based additive to barley forage also improved the aerobic stability of a TMR to an extent similar to that found with the low and moderate dose of L. buchneri 40788, but it was not as effective as the highest dose of L. buchneri 40788.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingnone given
Addition of a commercial inoculant to barley silage in laboratory silos did not affect the aerobic stability of a TMR containing that silage.
“The addition of a commercial inoculant to barley silage in laboratory silos did not affect the aerobic stability of a TMR containing that silage.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
The buffered propionic acid additive was not as effective as the highest dose of L. buchneri 40788.
“Addition of 0.2% (wt/wt) of a buffered propionic acid-based additive to barley forage also improved the aerobic stability of a TMR to an extent similar to that found with the low and moderate dose of L. buchneri 40788, but it was not as effective as the highest dose of L. buchneri 40788.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingnone given
Feeding cows a TMR containing silage treated with L. buchneri 40788 had no adverse effects on DM intake.
“Feeding cows a TMR containing silage treated with L. buchneri 40788 had no adverse effects on DM intake or milk production.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Findingown data
The highest dose of L. buchneri 40788 was most effective at increasing TMR aerobic stability in laboratory silos.
“In laboratory silos, all rates of application of L. buchneri 40788 (1 × 10 5 to 1 × 10 6 cfu/g) increased the number of hours that a TMR remained stable when exposed to air, but the highest dose was most effective.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Study design and conductreasoning
The lactation study was not designed to show positive effects of feeding L. buchneri 40788-treated silages under severely hot weather and/or poor management.
“Our study was not designed to show potential positive effects of animals fed silages treated with L. buchneri 40788 when compared to untreated silage under conditions of severely hot weather and/or poor management.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Premisecitation
At the time the current study was undertaken, only one other study had fed silage treated with Lactobacillus buchneri to lactating cows.
“When the current study was undertaken, only one other study had been conducted where silage treated with L. buchneri was fed to lactating cows (Driehuis et al., 1999b).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Driehuis et al., 1999b
Not checked in the free run.
- Interpretationreasoning
Silage treated with L. buchneri 40788 often has a moderately high ethanol concentration even though yeast numbers are lower.
“Thus, silage treated with L. buchneri 40788 often has a moderately high concentration of ethanol despite having lower numbers of yeasts, which are inhibited by the higher concentration of acetic acid.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim- Rests on an assumption: Higher concentrations of acetic acid inhibit yeasts.
- Premisecitation
Driehuis et al. (1999b) reported that cows fed silage treated with L. buchneri 40788 consumed similar DM as cows fed untreated silage.
“Driehuis et al. (1999b) also reported that cows fed silage treated with L. buchneri 40788 consumed similar amounts of DM, as did cows fed a diet with untreated silage.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Driehuis et al. (1999b)
Not checked in the free run.
- Premisecitation
In corn silage, L. buchneri 40788 needed to be applied at 5 × 10^5 cfu/g or more of fresh forage to produce changes similar to those seen in barley silage.
“In contrast, and inexplicably, applying L. buchneri 40788 at rates of at least 5 × 10 5 cfu/g of fresh forage were required to elicit similar changes in corn silage (Ranjit and Kung, 2000).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Ranjit and Kung, 2000 source
Not checked in the free run.
- Premisecitation
Steen et al. (1998), after evaluating 136 grass silages, concluded that silage intake was not closely related to fermentation products such as lactic acid or VFA.
“However, after evaluating 136 grass silages, Steen et al. (1998) concluded that silage intake was not closely related to products of fermentation such as lactic acid or VFA.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Steen et al. (1998) source
Not checked in the free run.
- Premisecitation
The belief that high concentrations of acetic acid in silages depress dry matter intake is controversial.
“However, this tenet is controver-sial, as few strong relations between silage acids and intake have been observed in recent summaries (Steen et al., 1998;Wright et al., 2000).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked - Premisecitation
The diets used in the lactation study met all requirements for lactating cows.
“Diets met all requirements for lactating cows (NRC, 1989).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites NRC, 1989
Not checked in the free run.
- Premisecitation
Yeasts that assimilate lactic acid typically initiate the spoilage process in silage.
“Yeasts that assimilate lactic acid usually initiate the spoilage process (Woolford, 1990)”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Woolford, 1990 source
Not checked in the free run.
- Interpretationcitation
The changes in fermentation end products observed in laboratory and farm silos are consistent with the anaerobic pathway in which L. buchneri 40788 converts lactic acid to acetic acid, ethanol, and 1,2-propanediol.
“The change in fermentation end products that we observed in laboratory and farm silos were consistent with the anaerobic degradation pathway of lactic acid to acetic acid, ethanol, and 1,2 propanediol (not measured in our study) by L. buchneri 40788 proposed by Oude Elferink et al. (2001).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Oude Elferink et al. (2001) source
Not checked in the free run.
- Premisecitation
Feeding spoiled silage can reduce intake and animal performance.
“feeding spoiled silage can result in reduced intake and animal performance (Hoffman and Ocker, 1997;Whitlock et al., 2000).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked- cites Hoffman and Ocker, 1997
Not checked in the free run.
- cites Whitlock et al., 2000
Not checked in the free run.
- Interpretationown data
The study's findings indicate that Lactobacillus buchneri can improve the aerobic stability of barley silage in both laboratory and farm silos.
“These findings show that L. buchneri can improve the aerobic stability of barley silage in laboratory and farm silos”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim - Interpretationown data
Treating barley silage with L. buchneri 40788 can improve the aerobic stability of barley silage alone or in a TMR via production of moderate amounts of acetic acid in laboratory and field conditions.
“These results show that treating barley silage with L. buchneri 40788 can improve the aerobic stability of barley silage alone or when combined in a TMR via production of moderate amounts of acetic acid in laboratory and field conditions.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
- May combine two claims. 8
- Classified as probably not a substantial claim. 13
- The quote only partly states this claim. 1
May combine two claims.
Findingown dataButyric acid concentration was 0.84% in untreated silage and was lower in silage treated with LB2, LB3, the commercial inoculant, and the buffered propionic acid-based additive.
“Butyric acid was 0.84% in untreated silage and was lower in silage treated with LB2, LB3, IN, and BPA”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimMay combine two claims.
Findingown dataThe alfalfa silage used in the experimental total mixed rations had been ensiled without additives and contained 5.17 log10 cfu/g of yeasts and 3.00 log10 cfu/g of molds.
“The alfalfa silage had been ensiled without additives and contained 5.17 and 3.00 log 10 cfu of yeasts and molds, respectively.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimMay combine two claims.
Findingown dataYeast and mold numbers were very low (less than 2.5 log10 cfu/g) and did not differ among treatments in the laboratory silo study.
“The numbers of yeasts and molds were very low (less than 2.5 log 10 cfu/g) and not different among treatments.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
Findingown dataThe aerobic stability of corn silage alone was 60 hours.
“Specifically, the number of yeasts averaged 5.22 log 10 cfu/g, and the aerobic stability of corn silage alone was 60 h.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
Findingown dataSmall differences were observed in dry matter, pH, and water-soluble carbohydrate concentration in freshly chopped barley forage before ensiling.
“Small differences were observed in DM, pH, and concentration of WSC in freshly chopped barley forage before ensiling (Table 1).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimMay combine two claims.
Findingown dataTreatments had no effect on residual ammonia-nitrogen concentration, except for a higher level in silage treated with LB1.
“Treatments had no effects on the concentration of residual NH 3 -N, with the exception of a higher level of NH 3 -N for silage treated with LB1.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
Findingown dataMold counts in freshly chopped barley forage ranged from 3.85 to 4.50 log10 cfu/g.
“Yeasts ranged from 4.46 to 5.83 log 10 cfu/g, and molds ranged from 3.85 to 4.50 log 10 cfu/g.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimProbably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
Findingown dataThe number of yeasts in corn silage averaged 5.22 log10 cfu/g.
“Specifically, the number of yeasts averaged 5.22 log 10 cfu/g, and the aerobic stability of corn silage alone was 60 h.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimMay combine two claims.
Findingown dataUnder farm conditions, a moderate dose (4 × 10^5 cfu/g) of L. buchneri 40788 improved the aerobic stability of barley silage alone and of a TMR containing that silage.
“Under farm conditions, a moderate dose (4 × 10 5 ) of L. buchneri 40788 also improved the aerobic stability of barley silage alone and of a TMR comprised of the treated silage.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimProbably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.
Study design and conductown dataCows in the lactation study were blocked on days in milk, parity, and milk yield and then randomly allocated to one of two treatments.
“After the pretreatment period, cows were blocked on DIM, parity, and milk yield and randomly allocated to one of two treatments.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimMay combine two claims.
Interpretationown dataFeeding barley silage treated with Lactobacillus buchneri 40788 had no negative effect on intake or performance of lactating cows.
“and that feeding treated silage had no negative effect on intake or performance.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claimProbably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). The quote only partly states this claim.
Study design and conductown dataThe lactation study used a crossover design consisting of two 4-week periods.
“The study during the treatment period was a crossover design that consisted of two 4-wk periods.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimMay combine two claims.
Premisenone givenL. buchneri 40788 treatment has increased propionic acid in some silages but not all, and the reason is unclear.
“Treatment with L. buchneri 40788 has also increased the concentrations of propionic acid in some (Driehuis et , 1999a;Kung and Ranjit, 2001) but not all silages (Ranjit and Kung, 2000), and the reason for this finding is unclear at this time.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 3 sources checkedClassified as probably not a substantial claim.
PremisecitationPast studies have sometimes associated high acetic acid concentrations in silages with lower DMI.
“In past studies, high concentrations of acetic acid in silages have sometimes been associated with lower DMI (Wilkins et al., 1971;Rook and Gill, 1990).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked- cites Wilkins et al., 1971 source
Not checked in the free run.
- cites Rook and Gill, 1990
Not checked in the free run.
Classified as probably not a substantial claim.
PremisecitationInoculation with the heterolactic acid bacterium Lactobacillus buchneri has recently been shown to markedly improve the aerobic stability of a variety of silage crops.
“Recently, the aerobic stability of a variety of silage crops has been markedly improved by inoculation with a heterolactic acid bacterium, Lactobacillus buchneri.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 3 sources checked- cites Muck, 1996
Not checked in the free run.
- cites Driehuis et al., 1999a
Not checked in the free run.
- cites Ranjit and Kung, 2000 source
Not checked in the free run.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
InterpretationreasoningWhen DMI is depressed and associated with feeding silages high in acetic acid (not from L. buchneri 40788 treatment), other unidentified factors related to undesirable fermentation may contribute to the intake depression.
“In circumstances where DMI is depressed and associated with feeding silages with high concentrations of acetic acid (but not from treatment with L. buchneri 40788), other unidentified factors related to the undesirable fermentation may be contributing to the depression in intake.”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claimClassified as probably not a substantial claim.
PremisecitationRecent summaries have observed few strong relationships between silage acids and intake.
“However, this tenet is controver-sial, as few strong relations between silage acids and intake have been observed in recent summaries (Steen et al., 1998;Wright et al., 2000).”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checkedProbably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
Study design and conductcitationAnimal care in the study followed accepted protocols.
“the care of animals was via accepted protocols (Federation of Animal Science Societies, 1999).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Federation of Animal Science Societies, 1999
Not checked in the free run.
Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).
PremisecitationPrevious studies found that low levels of buffered propionic acid additives consistently improved aerobic stability of laboratory silages.
“In previous studies, treatment with low levels of buffered propionic acid additives have consistently improved the aerobic stability of silages ensiled in laboratory silos (Kung et al., 1998;Kung et al., 2000).”
Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checkedClassified as probably not a substantial claim.
PremisecitationIn that prior study, dry matter intake was not affected when cows were fed treated silage.
“In that study, DMI was not affected when cows were fed treated silage.”
Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked- cites Driehuis et al., 1999b
Not checked in the free run.
The paper relies on this without support.
Bunker silos result in considerable amounts of silage that are exposed to air.
“However, these structures result in considerable amounts of silage that are exposed to air”
The paper relies on this without support.
Complaints related to the poor aerobic stability of silages from bunker silos have increased.
“complaints related to the poor aerobic stability of silages from these types of silos have increased.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Unless silages are packed tightly and managed well during removal, infiltration of air into the silage mass can stimulate the growth of aerobic microbes and cause silage to spoil quickly.
“Unless the silages are packed tightly and managed well during removal from the silo, infiltration of air into the silage mass can stimulate the growth of aerobic microbes and cause silage to spoil quickly.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Lactobacillus buchneri inhibits the proliferation of yeasts in silage via the production of acetic acid.
“Lactobacillus buchneri has been shown to inhibit the proliferation of yeasts in silage via the production of acetic acid.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Higher concentrations of acetic acid inhibit yeasts.
“Thus, silage treated with L. buchneri 40788 often has a moderately high concentration of ethanol despite having lower numbers of yeasts, which are inhibited by the higher concentration of acetic acid.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Inoculation with P. freudenreichii (1 × 10^4 cfu/g), with or without homolactic bacteria, did not affect propionic acid concentration, yeast and mold counts, or aerobic stability of maize and barley silages.
“Previous studies showed that inoculation with P. freudenreichii (1 × 10 4 cfu/g) with or without homolac-tic bacteria did not affect propionic acid concentration, yeast and mold counts, or aerobic stability of maize and barley silages (Ranjit et al., 2002;Taylor et al., 2002).”
From Control of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in corn silage with or without various inoculants: Efficacy and mode of action (2010) · cites this paper as Taylor et al., 2002
Inoculation with L. buchneri typically yields acetate concentrations of 36 to 50 g/kg of DM.
“As in this study, inoculation with L. buchneri typically results in acetate concentrations ranging from 36 to 50 g/kg of DM (Driehuis et al., 2001;Taylor et al., 2002).”
From Control of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in corn silage with or without various inoculants: Efficacy and mode of action (2010) · cites this paper as Taylor et al., 2002
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Laboratory TMR formulations differ between Methods and Results
MajorMethods state that the laboratory TMR contained 30% barley silage, 30% alfalfa silage, and 40% concentrate. Results give 35%, 15%, and 50%, respectively, for the experimental TMR.
“After 7 d of exposure to air, silages (30%, DM basis) were combined with alfalfa silage (30%) and a dairy concentrate (40%) from the University of Delaware Dairy to form a TMR.”
“Thus, experimental TMR were created by mixing these silages (35%, DM basis) with alfalfa silage (15%) that had been stored in a commercial bag silo (on-farm) and a pelleted concentrate (50% [Table 3]).”
Discussion claims lower LB2 starch despite Results saying starch was unaffected
MajorResults state that treatment did not affect starch concentration, whereas the Discussion calls lower starch in LB2 an exception. Table 2 provides no significance letters for its starch row.
“An exception in this study was a lower concentration of starch and CP in silage treated with LB2, and we have no explanation for this finding.”
“After 120 d of ensiling in laboratory silos, the concentrations of WSC, CP, ADF, NDF, and starch were not affected by treatment (Table 2).”
CP is described as unaffected despite differences in Table 2
MinorResults say treatment did not affect CP, but Table 2 assigns unlike significance letters to CP values, including control (ab) and LB2 (c), indicating a difference under the paper's stated convention.
“After 120 d of ensiling in laboratory silos, the concentrations of WSC, CP, ADF, NDF, and starch were not affected by treatment (Table 2).”
“| CP, % | 9.53 ab | 9.93 a | 8.63 c | 9.63 ab | 9.33 b | 9.93 a | 0.11 |”
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- Authors
- Taylor, C. C., Ranjit, N. J., Mills, J. A., Neylon, J. M., & Kung, L.
- Affiliations
- University of Delaware (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kung, L.
- ORCID
- Kung, L.
- Venue
- Journal of Dairy Science
- Publisher
- American Dairy Science Association
- Published
- 2002-07
- Volume
- 85
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1793-1800
- ISSN
- 0022-0302 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1993794810
- Semantic Scholar
- 5bcf8c7aca2eb0893e51230a7e7768fca0169920
- Cited by
- 137
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 9.72
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Dairy Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Nutrition and Physiology
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Mycotoxins in Agriculture and Food
- Keywords
- barley silage, silage inoculation, aerobic stability, silage fermentation, lactic acid, acetic acid, ethanol, silage spoilage, molds and yeasts, silage inoculants, total mixed ration, dairy cattle, dry matter intake, milk production, milk composition
- MeSH terms
- Aerobiosis, Animals, Animal Feed, Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena, Hordeum, Cattle, Female, Fermentation, Food Preservation, Lactation, Lactobacillus, Nutritive Value, Propionates, Silage, Colony Count, Microbial, Acetic Acid
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