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Cited by 226Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive PhysiologyAnimal Nutrition and PhysiologyMycotoxins in Agriculture and Food

Microbial populations, fermentation end-products, and aerobic stability of corn silage treated with ammonia or a propionic acid-based preservative

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Kung, L., Robinson, J.R., Ranjit, N.K., Chen, J.H., Golt, C.M., Pesek, J.D.·2000·Journal of Dairy Science
DOI 10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(00)75020-x
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Abstract

We studied the effects of ammonia treatment on microbial populations during the fermentation of corn silage. We also compared the effects of ammonia to a preservative containing buffered propionic acid and other antifungal compounds on the fermentation and aerobic stability of corn silage. In the first experiment, whole-plant corn was ensiled without treatment or treated with ammonia-N to supply an additional 0.3% N (fresh-forage basis). The addition of ammonia immediately increased silage pH and had no effect on numbers of lactic acid bacteria, but delayed their growth compared with untreated silage. Numbers of enterobacteria declined more slowly, but numbers of yeasts and molds declined more quickly in silage treated with ammonia. During the early stages of ensiling, lactic acid increased more rapidly in untreated than in treated silage. The reverse was true for acetic acid concentrations. When exposed to air, growth of yeasts and molds was delayed in ammonia-treated silage. In a second experiment, various levels (0.1 to 0.3%, fresh weight) of ammonium-N or a preservative with buffered propionic acid were added to whole-plant corn and allowed to ensile for 106 d. Silage treated with ammonia had a greater ratio of L- to D-lactic acid than did other silages. Untreated silage was aerobically stable for 32.3 h, whereas the low (42 h) and moderate (52.7 h) concentrations of both additives numerically improved aerobic stability. High concentrations of ammonia-N (0.3%) or a buffered propionic acid preservative (0.3%), markedly improved the aerobic stability of corn silage (82 and 69 h for ammonia and propionic acid-treated silage, respectively).

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  • Buffered propionic acid-based additives and ammonium hydroxide decreased ethanol concentration and improved aerobic stability of corn silage in a dose-dependent manner from 1 to 3 g/kg fresh weight, with highest concentration resulting in significantly higher aerobic stability than untreated.

    “Buffered propionic acidbased additives and ammonium hydroxide decreased ethanol concentration and improved aerobic stability of corn silage in a dose-dependent manner from 1 to 3 g/ kg of fresh weight, with the highest concentration resulting in significantly higher aerobic stability than the untreated silage (Kung et al., 2000).”

    From Silage review: Recent advances and future uses of silage additives (2018) · cites this paper as Kung et al. (2000)

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  • Direct addition of propionic acid to silages has resulted in more consistent improvements in aerobic stability than biological approaches.

    “The direct method of adding propionic acid to silages has resulted in more consistent improvements in aerobic stability (Kung et al., 1998(Kung et al., , 2000)), but the effects of adding this acid to forage that is or has been exposed to excessive amounts of air before ensiling has not been well studied.”

    From The Effect of Delayed Ensiling and Application of a Propionic Acid-Based Additive on the Fermentation of Barley Silage (2002) · cites this paper as Kung et al., 2000

  • Previous studies found that low levels of buffered propionic acid additives consistently improved aerobic stability of laboratory silages.

    “In previous studies, treatment with low levels of buffered propionic acid additives have consistently improved the aerobic stability of silages ensiled in laboratory silos (Kung et al., 1998;Kung et al., 2000).”

    From The effect of treating whole-plant barley with Lactobacillus buchneri 40788 on silage fermentation, aerobic stability, and nutritive value for dairy cows (2002) · cites this paper as Kung et al., 2000

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Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. [15]15. Muck, R. E., and L. Kung, Jr. 1997. Effects of silage additives on ensiling. Pages 187-199 in NRAES-99, Silage: Field to Feedbunk, Proc. N. American Conf. Hershey, PA, 11-13 February, Northeast Reg. Agric. Eng. Serv., Coop. Ext., Ithaca, NY.
  2. [18]18. SAS User's Guide: Statistics, Version 5 Edition. 1985. SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC.

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Authors
Kung, L., Robinson, J. R., Ranjit, N. K., Chen, J. H., Golt, C. M., & Pesek, J. D.
Affiliations
  • Tunghai University (TW)
  • University of Delaware (US)
Corresponding author
Kung, L.
ORCID
Kung, L.
Venue
Journal of Dairy Science
Publisher
American Dairy Science Association
Published
2000-07
Volume
83
Issue
7
Pages
1479-1486
ISSN
0022-0302 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(00)75020-x
OpenAlex
W2085377879
Cited by
226
References
19
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 7
FWCI
6.79
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Journal of Dairy Science (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
University of Delaware
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Nutrition and Physiology
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Mycotoxins in Agriculture and Food
Keywords
corn silage, ammonia treatment, silage additives, aerobic stability, silage fermentation, lactic acid bacteria, molds and yeasts, Enterobacteriaceae, lactic acid, acetic acid, silage pH, silage spoilage
MeSH terms
Ammonia, Zea mays, Drug Stability, Enterobacteriaceae, Fermentation, Food Preservatives, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Oxygen, Propionates, Silage, Yeasts, Lactococcus, Lactic Acid

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