Integrated insulin pump therapy with continuous glucose monitoring for improved adherence: technology update
Open accessAbstract
Insulin pump therapy combined with real-time continuous glucose monitoring, known as sensor-augmented pump (SAP) therapy, has been shown to improve metabolic control and to reduce the rate of hypoglycemia in adults with type 1 diabetes compared to multiple daily injections or standard continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion. Glycemic variability is also reduced in patients on SAP therapy. This approach allows patients to monitor their glucose levels being informed of glycemic concentration and trend. Trained diabetic patients, therefore, can appropriately modify insulin infusion and/or carbohydrate intake in order to prevent hypo- or hyperglycemia. For these reasons, SAP therapy is now considered the gold standard for type 1 diabetes treatment. To be clinically effective, however, devices and techniques using advanced technology should not only have the potential to theoretically ameliorate metabolic control, but also be well accepted by patients in terms of satisfaction and health-related quality of life, because these factors will improve treatment adherence and consequently overall outcome. SAP therapy is generally well tolerated by patients; however, many clinical trials have identified significant noncompliance in the use of this device, most notably in the pediatric and adolescent populations. In this review we aim to analyze the main reasons for good or poor adherence to SAP therapy and to provide useful tips in order to fully benefit from this kind of novel therapeutic approach.
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Sensor‐augmented pump systems (SAP) enable adaptive insulin delivery, including dual‐wave or square‐wave boluses, which distribute insulin over several hours and better match the slow and prolonged glucose absorption typical of DGP, particularly in high‐fat or high‐protein meals.
“Sensor‑augmented pump systems (SAP) enable adaptive insulin delivery, including dual‑wave or square‑wave boluses, which distribute insulin over several hours and better match the slow and prolonged glucose absorption typical of DGP [54, 112, 132, 148, 149], particularly in high‑fat or high‑protein meals [150–152].”
From Diabetic gastroparesis: pathophysiology and impact on insulin timing choices (2026) · cites this paper as [152]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Tumminia, A., Sciacca, L., Frittitta, L., Squatrito, S., Vigneri, R., Le Moli, R., & Tomaselli, L.
- Affiliations
- University of Catania (IT)
- Ospedale Garibaldi (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Tumminia, Andrea
- Venue
- Patient Preference and Adherence
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2015-09
- Volume
- 9
- Pages
- 1263
- ISSN
- 1177-889X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4567238
- OpenAlex
- W1440504177
- Cited by
- 20
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 3
- FWCI
- 0.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Patient Preference and Adherence (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Dove Medical Press (Taylor and Francis Group) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Family Practice › Medication Adherence and Compliance
- Keywords
- sensor-augmented pump therapy, insulin pump therapy, continuous glucose monitoring, type 1 diabetes, medication adherence, hypoglycemia, glycemic variability, glycemic control, patient satisfaction, health-related quality of life, device acceptance
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