The effect of continuous glucose monitoring in well-controlled type 1 diabetes

Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation Continuous Glucose Monitoring Study Group

doi:10.2337/dc09-0108

Cited by 399Diabetes Management and ResearchDiabetes Management and EducationDiabetes Treatment and Management

The effect of continuous glucose monitoring in well-controlled type 1 diabetes

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Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation Continuous Glucose Monitoring Study Group·2009·Diabetes Care

DOI 10.2337/dc09-0108PMC PMC2713649

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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: The potential benefits of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in the management of adults and children with well-controlled type 1 diabetes have not been examined. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 129 adults and children with intensively treated type 1 diabetes (age range 8–69 years) and A1C <7.0% were randomly assigned to either continuous or standard glucose monitoring for 26 weeks. The main study outcomes were time with glucose level ≤70 mg/dl, A1C level, and severe hypoglycemic events. RESULTS: At 26 weeks, biochemical hypoglycemia (≤70 mg/dl) was less frequent in the CGM group than in the control group (median 54 vs. 91 min/day), but the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.16). Median time with a glucose level ≤60 mg/dl was 18 versus 35 min/day, respectively (P = 0.05). Time out of range (≤70 or >180 mg/dl) was significantly lower in the CGM group than in the control group (377 vs. 491 min/day, P = 0.003). There was a significant treatment group difference favoring the CGM group in mean A1C at 26 weeks adjusted for baseline (P < 0.001). One or more severe hypoglycemic events occurred in 10 and 11% of the two groups, respectively (P = 1.0). Four outcome measures combining A1C and hypoglycemia data favored the CGM group in comparison with the control group (P < 0.001, 0.007, 0.005, and 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: Most outcomes, including those combining A1C and hypoglycemia, favored the CGM group. The weight of evidence suggests that CGM is beneficial for individuals with type 1 diabetes who have already achieved excellent control with A1C <7.0%.

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When stratified by CGM use, reductions in A1c were observed among children and young adults who wore the CGM for at least 6 days a week during the study period.
“However, when further stratified by CGM use, reductions in A1c were observed among children and young adults who wore the CGM for at least 6 days a week during the study period96.”
From Epidemiology of type 1 diabetes (2010) · cites this paper as [96]

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Self-citation

Authors: Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation Continuous Glucose Monitoring Study Group
Affiliations: Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation (CA)
Corresponding author: Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation Continuous Glucose Monitoring Study Group
Venue: Diabetes Care
Publisher: American Diabetes Association
Published: 2009-05-08
Volume: 32
Issue: 8
Pages: 1378-1383
ISSN: 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
1935-5548
DOI: 10.2337/dc09-0108
PMC: PMC2713649
OpenAlex: W2102624023
Cited by: 399
References: 12
Citations by year: 2026: 8 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 33 · 2016: 33 · 2015: 30 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 31 · 2012: 34
FWCI: 28.07
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by-nc-nd
Locations: Diabetes Care (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Treatment and Management
Keywords: continuous glucose monitoring, type 1 diabetes, glycemic control, HbA1c, hypoglycemia, time in range, intensive insulin therapy, well-controlled diabetes, children and adults
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Blood Glucose, Child, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Humans, Hypoglycemia, Hypoglycemic Agents, Insulin, Middle Aged, Monitoring, Ambulatory, Young Adult

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The effect of continuous glucose monitoring in well-controlled type 1 diabetes

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