Meta-analysis to obtain a scale of psychological reaction after perinatal loss: focus on miscarriage
Open accessAbstract
Pregnancy has different meanings to different women depending upon their circumstances. A number of qualitative studies have described the experience of miscarriage by women who had desired to carry their pregnancy to full term. The aim of this meta-analysis was to identify a scale of psychological reaction to miscarriage. Meta-analysis is a quantitative approach for reviewing articles from scientific journals through statistical analysis of findings from individual studies. In this review, a meta-analytic method was used to identify and analyze psychological reactions in women who have suffered a miscarriage. Different reactions to stress associated with the period following miscarriage were identified. The depression reaction had the highest average, weighted, unbiased estimate of effect (d(+) = 0.99) and was frequently associated with the experience of perinatal loss. Psychiatric morbidity was found after miscarriage in 27% of cases by a diagnostic interview ten days after miscarriage. The grief reaction had a medium d(+) of 0.56 in the studies included. However, grief after miscarriage differed from other types of grief after perinatal loss because the parents had no focus for their grief. The guilt is greater after miscarriage than after other types of perinatal loss. Measurement of the stress reaction and anxiety reaction seems to be difficult in the included studies, as evidenced by a low d(+) (0.17 and 0.16, respectively). It has been recommended that grief after perinatal loss be measured by an adapted instrument called the Perinatal Grief Scale Short Version.
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Review and meta-analytic data suggest evidence for associations between perinatal loss and psychological reactions following miscarriage.
“Review and meta-analytic data suggest evidence for associations between perinatal loss and psychological reactions following miscarriage (Adolfsson, 2011);”
From The mental health impact of perinatal loss: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2022) · cites this paper as Adolfsson, 2011
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Markin, R. D. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197693353.003.0004
Managing Countertransference in Psychotherapy for Pregnancy Loss
Markin, R. D. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197693353.003.0007
Markin, R. D. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197693353.003.0001
Markin, R. D. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197693353.003.0009
Emotion in Psychotherapy for Pregnancy Loss
Markin, R. D. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197693353.003.0005
Markin, R. D. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197693353.002.0006
The Alliance in Individual and Couples Therapy for Pregnancy Loss
Markin, R. D. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197693353.003.0003
Alliance Rupture and Repair Episodes in Psychotherapy for Pregnancy Loss
Markin, R. D. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197693353.003.0006
Understanding and Treating Pregnancy Loss
Markin, R. D. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197693353.003.0002
Client Attachment in Therapy for Recurrent Pregnancy Loss and Infertility
Markin, R. D. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197693353.003.0008
Markin, R. D. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197693353.003.0010
Markin, R. D. (2023) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197693353.002.0003
Lloyd, C. A., & Ren, K. (2025) · Irish Educational Studies · doi:10.1080/03323315.2025.2591081
Systematic review of perinatal grief measures and their psychometric properties
McDougall, E., Molyneaux, L., & Bacon, U. (2026) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/13591053251398258
Xie, J., Grealish, A., Biesty, L., & Hunter, A. (2026) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/jan.70740
- Authors
- Adolfsson, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Skövde (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Adolfsson, Annsofie
- ORCID
- Adolfsson, Annsofie
- Venue
- Psychology Research and Behavior Management
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2011-03
- Volume
- 4
- Pages
- 29
- ISSN
- 1179-1578 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3218782
- OpenAlex
- W2111358292
- Cited by
- 63
- References
- 57
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 2.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Psychology Research and Behavior Management (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Örebro University Library (Örebro University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Dove Medical Press (Taylor and Francis Group) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Grief, Bereavement, and Mental Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Maternal and Neonatal Healthcare
- Keywords
- miscarriage, perinatal loss, psychological reactions, depression, grief, guilt, anxiety, stress, psychiatric morbidity, scale development
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