Memantine: A Review of Its Use in Alzheimer’s Disease
Abstract
Memantine (Ebixa, Axura, Namenda, Akatinol) is a moderate-affinity, uncompetitive, voltage-dependent, NMDA-receptor antagonist with fast on/off kinetics that inhibits excessive calcium influx induced by chronic overstimulation of the NMDA receptor. Memantine is approved in the US and the EU for the treatment of patients with moderate to severe dementia of the Alzheimer's type. In well designed clinical trials, oral memantine, as monotherapy or in addition to a stable dose of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, was well tolerated during the treatment of mild to severe Alzheimer's disease for up to 52 weeks. Memantine generally modified the progressive symptomatic decline in global status, cognition, function and behaviour exhibited by patients with moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease in four 12- to 28-week trials. In patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease, data from three 24-week trials are equivocal, although meta-analyses indicate beneficial effects on global status and cognition. Memantine is an effective pharmacotherapeutic agent, and currently the only approved option, for the treatment of moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease.
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Memantine blocks excessive calcium entry through the NMDAR channel and Aβ-induced oxidative stress, providing a specific biological mechanism for its therapeutic action.
“During pathological activation of the NMDAR, memantine blocks excessive calcium entry through the channel and Aβ-induced OS, providing a specific biological mechanism for the therapeutic action of memantine.”
From Role of Oxidative Damage in Alzheimer’s Disease and Neurodegeneration: From Pathogenic Mechanisms to Biomarker Discovery (2021) · cites this paper as [74]
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- Authors
- Robinson, D. M., & Keating, G. M.
- Corresponding author
- Robinson, Dean M
- ORCID
- Robinson, Dean M
- Venue
- Drugs
- Published
- 2006
- Volume
- 66
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1515-1534
- ISSN
- 0012-6667 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2110841847
- Cited by
- 277
- References
- 83
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 8.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Drugs (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Cholinesterase and Neurodegenerative Diseases
- Keywords
- memantine, NMDA receptor antagonists, Alzheimer's disease, dementia treatment, uncompetitive antagonists, calcium influx inhibition, neuroprotection, pharmacokinetics, drug metabolism, renal excretion, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, cognitive decline, tolerability, adverse events, drug interactions, dose-limiting toxicity, pharmacoeconomics, cost-effectiveness
- MeSH terms
- Alzheimer Disease, Clinical Trials as Topic, Humans, Memantine, Dopamine Agents, Treatment Outcome
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