Drug treatments in Alzheimer’s disease
Open accessAbstract
Despite the significant public health issue that it poses, only five medical treatments have been approved for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and these act to control symptoms rather than alter the course of the disease. Studies of potential disease-modifying therapy have generally been undertaken in patients with clinically detectable disease, yet evidence suggests that the pathological changes associated with AD begin several years before this. It is possible that pharmacological therapy may be beneficial in this pre-clinical stage before the neurodegenerative process is established. Techniques providing earlier diagnosis, such as cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers and amyloid positron emission tomography neuroimaging, are key to testing this theory in clinical trials. Recent results from trials of agents such as aducanumab are encouraging but must also be interpreted with caution. Such medicines could potentially delay the onset of dementia and would therefore markedly reduce its prevalence. However, we currently remain a good distance away from clinically available disease-modifying therapy.
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Current treatments for Alzheimer's disease offer limited symptom relief, especially in early to moderate stages, but do not halt disease progression or address underlying neurodegeneration.
“Current treatments for AD, including cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine, offer limited symptom relief, especially in the early to moderate stages, but do not halt disease progression or address the underlying neurodegeneration.”
From Cholinesterase Inhibitors from Plants and Their Potential in Alzheimer’s Treatment: Systematic Review (2025) · cites this paper as [10]
The section headed “Neither memantine nor donepezil are beneficial in MCI” says current medications have relatively small average effects and do not alter the underlying neurodegenerative process. The stage qualifier is not fully supported: the Memantine section reports modest benefits in moderate to severe AD, with little evidence for use in milder AD. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredFour drugs (donepezil, memantine, galantamine, rivastigmine) are approved on the market and belong to two families: anticholinesterase inhibitors and anti-glutaminergics.
“Four drugs (donepezil, memantine, galantamine, rivastigmine) are approved on the market and belong to two families: anticholinesterase inhibitors and anti-glutaminergics.”
From Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment Strategies and Their Limitations. (2022) · cites this paper as [155]
The paper’s Cholinesterase inhibitors and Memantine sections identify the four named drugs and place them in the two relevant drug classes. However, the introductory Drug treatments in Alzheimer’s disease section says five medical treatments, not four, had been approved for AD. Page numbers are not provided in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.90)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
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- Authors
- Briggs, R., Kennelly, S. P., & O’Neill, D.
- Affiliations
- Tallaght University Hospital (IE)
- Venue
- Clinical Medicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2016-06
- Volume
- 16
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 247-253
- ISSN
- 1470-2118 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5922703
- OpenAlex
- W2415242066
- Cited by
- 571
- References
- 76
- Citations by year
- 2026: 37 · 2025: 67 · 2024: 97 · 2023: 79 · 2022: 106 · 2021: 95 · 2020: 55 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 9.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Clinical Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Cholinesterase and Neurodegenerative Diseases
- Keywords
- Alzheimer's disease, pharmacotherapy, disease-modifying therapy, symptomatic treatment, preclinical Alzheimer's disease, cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, amyloid PET, aducanumab, early diagnosis, dementia prevention
- MeSH terms
- Alzheimer Disease, Amyloid, Cholinesterase Inhibitors, Humans, Neuroprotective Agents
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