Process Design and Economics for the Conversion of Algal Biomass to Biofuels: Algal Biomass Fractionation to Lipid- and Carbohydrate-Derived Fuel Products
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Beginning in 2013, NREL began transitioning from the singular focus on ethanol to a broad slate of products and conversion pathways, ultimately to establish similar benchmarking and targeting efforts. One of these pathways is the conversion of algal biomass to fuels via extraction of lipids (and potentially other components), termed the 'algal lipid upgrading' or ALU pathway. This report describes in detail one potential ALU approach based on a biochemical processing strategy to selectively recover and convert select algal biomass components to fuels, namely carbohydrates to ethanol and lipids to a renewable diesel blendstock (RDB) product. The overarching process design converts algal biomass delivered from upstream cultivation and dewatering (outside the present scope) to ethanol, RDB, and minor coproducts, using dilute-acid pretreatment, fermentation, lipid extraction, and hydrotreating.
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HTL can convert all major biomass fractions-lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins-into fuel, whereas other conversion technologies typically focus on only one fraction.
“One major advantage to HTL is its ability to convert all major biomass fractions - lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins - into fuel, whereas other conversion technologies typically can only focus on one (i.e. solvent extraction for lipids and fermentation for carbohydrates) [8].”
From Microalgae to biofuels through hydrothermal liquefaction: Open-source techno-economic analysis and life cycle assessment (2021) · cites this paper as [8]
The Introduction (Background and Motivation; page not provided) describes HTL as converting whole algal biomass to a fuel precursor and retaining carbon beyond lipids in fuels. It does not explicitly establish that proteins become fuel. It also describes the report’s alternative fractionation pathway as converting both carbohydrates and lipids to fuels, so the claim that other conversion technologies typically focus on only one fraction overstates the contrast. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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- Authors
- Davis, R., Kinchin, C., Markham, J., Tan, E., Laurens, L., Sexton, D., Knorr, D., Schoen, P., & Lukas, J.
- Published
- 2014-09-01
- OpenAlex
- W2294857814
- Cited by
- 131
- References
- 60
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 1
- Type
- report
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.osti.gov
- Licence
- public-domain
- Locations
- OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) (submittedVersion, public-domain)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Energy
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Biofuel production and bioconversion
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Algal biology and biofuel production
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Microbial Metabolic Engineering and Bioproduction
- Keywords
- algal biomass, biofuels, ethanol production, carbohydrate fermentation, dilute acid pretreatment, lipid extraction, hydrotreating, process design, process economics, biomass fractionation
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