Is Hypertension an Inflammatory Process?

Boos, Christopher; Lip, Gregory

doi:10.2174/138161206776843313

Cited by 165Nitric Oxide and Endothelin EffectsBlood Pressure and Hypertension StudiesCardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention

Is Hypertension an Inflammatory Process?

Boos, Christopher, Lip, Gregory·2006·Current Pharmaceutical Design

DOI 10.2174/138161206776843313

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Abstract

The risk factors for hypertension are only partly known, and accounts for the some of the deficiencies in current primary prevention strategies and in the design of new drugs for the management of this common condition. Recently, chronic low grade low-grade inflammation has been identified as an integral part in the pathogenesis of vascular disease. Of note, inflammation may also be implicated in the development of hypertension, either as a primary or secondary event. Indeed, several clinical studies have demonstrated increased numbers of well recognised pro-inflammatory markers, such as high sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP), in patients with hypertension, even after adjustment for potential confounding factors. Furthermore, elevated hsCRP levels have also been shown to be predictive for the development of hypertension in prehypertensive and normotensive patients. Pathophysiologically, inflammation has been implicated in both endothelial (dys)function and arterial stiffness in hypertension, with reduced availability of nitric oxide (NO) being integral to this process. Oxidative stress also appears to be a key feature in the reduced availability of NO and is aggravated by increased circulating angiotensin II (Ang II). Importantly, there is some evidence that drugs commonly used in the management of hypertension, such as statins, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and Ang II receptor blockers have anti-inflammatory properties that can positively influence outcomes in patients with hypertension. The inflammatory state in hypertension may pose a new therapeutic target for future drug design.

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Inhibition of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system by angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor antagonists exerts anti-inflammatory effects.
“Inhibition of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system by angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor antagonists exert anti-inflammatory effects as summarized elsewhere [39].”
From Evolutionary medicine and chronic inflammatory state—known and new concepts in pathophysiology (2012) · cites this paper as [39]

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Association analysis of polymorphisms at the interleukin‐1 locus in essential hypertension
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The role of inflammation in atherothrombosis: current and future strategies of medical treatment.
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Silica attenuates hypertension in Lyon hypertensive rats
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ACE inhibition and vascular remodeling of resistance vessels: vascular compliance and cardiovascular implications.
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[High circulating levels of adrenomedullin and endothelin-1 in obesity associated with arterial hypertension].
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Abnormal Immune System and Hypertension: Where Are We?
Fu, M. L. X. (1995) · Annals of Medicine · doi:10.3109/07853899509019254 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

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Authors: Boos, C., & Lip, G.
Affiliations: Birmingham City Hospital (GB)
ORCID: Boos, Christopher
Lip, Gregory
Venue: Current Pharmaceutical Design
Publisher: Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.
Published: 2006-05-01
Volume: 12
Issue: 13
Pages: 1623-1635
ISSN: 1381-6128 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.2174/138161206776843313
OpenAlex: W2036593455
Cited by: 165
References: 193
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 10
FWCI: 7.29
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Current Pharmaceutical Design (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
University of Birmingham Research Portal (University of Birmingham) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention
Keywords: hypertension, inflammation, low-grade inflammation, C-reactive protein, endothelial dysfunction, arterial stiffness, nitric oxide, oxidative stress, angiotensin II, statins, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, anti-inflammatory drug targets, vascular disease
MeSH terms: Angiotensin II, C-Reactive Protein, Humans, Hypertension, Inflammation, Interleukin-1, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Interleukin-6, Oxidative Stress

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Is Hypertension an Inflammatory Process?

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