Significance of P2X7 Receptor Variants to Human Health and Disease
Open accessAbstract
The human P2X7 receptor is a trimeric ligand-gated cation channel coded by the P2XR7 gene located at chromosome position 12q24. P2X7 is expressed in a wide variety of normal and disease-associated cell types. Activation of this receptor by extracellular adenosine 5'-triphosphate results in numerous downstream events including the release of pro-inflammatory mediators, cell proliferation or death, and killing of intracellular pathogens. As a result, P2X7 plays important roles in inflammation, immunity, bone homeostasis, neurological function and neoplasia. The P2XR7 gene encodes a P2X7 subunit 595 amino acids in length, however splice isoforms that can alter receptor expression and function, and modify the signaling properties downstream of receptor activation also exist. Moreover, the relative amount of P2X7 function varies between human individuals due to numerous single nucleotide polymorphisms resulting in either loss- or gain-of-function. Combinations of these polymorphisms give rise to various haplotypes that can also modify P2X7 function. Collectively, P2X7, and its splice and polymorphic variants are attracting considerable interest in relation to human health and disease, including the development and publication of a number of patents. Keywords: P2RX7, purinergic receptor, splice isoform, single nucleotide polymorphism, extracellular ATP, patent, ectoenzymes, pro-inflammatory mediators, oligodendrocytes, NALP3 inflammasome, transmembrane domain, macrophages, tuberculosis, mutant receptor displays, T-lymphocytes, dendritic cells, Langerhans cells
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P2X7 receptor activation is associated with numerous cellular functions, such as plasma membrane blebbing, phosphatidylserine exposure in the membrane, formation of ROS, interleukin secretion, cell death and proliferation.
“Consequently, P2X7 receptor activation is associated with numerous cellular functions, as plasma membrane blebbing, phosphatidylserine exposure in the membrane, formation of ROS, interleukin secretion, cell death and proliferation [65, 66].”
From Hyperactivation of P2X7 receptors as a culprit of COVID-19 neuropathology (2021) · cites this paper as [66]
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Self-citationAmbulatory Blood Pressure Is Associated With Polymorphic Variation in P2X Receptor Genes
Palomino-Doza, J., Rahman, T., Avery, P. J., Mayosi, B. M., Farrall, M., Watkins, H. C., Edwards, C. R. W., & Keavney, B. D. (2008) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.108.113282 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Portales‐Cervantes, L., Niño-Moreno, P., Doníz-Padilla, L., Baranda-Candido, L., García-Hernández, M. H., Salgado‐Bustamante, M., González‐Amaro, R., & Portales‐Pérez, D. P. (2010) · Human Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.humimm.2010.05.008 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
The P2X7 receptor and intracellular pathogens: a continuing struggle
Coutinho‐Silva, R., Corrêa, G., Sater, A. A. A., & Ojcius, D. M. (2009) · Purinergic Signalling · doi:10.1007/s11302-009-9130-x · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Sun, C., Chu, J., Singh, S. G., & Salter, R. D. (2009) · Purinergic Signalling · doi:10.1007/s11302-009-9168-9 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
P2X7 and phospholipid signalling: The search of the “missing link” in epithelial cells
Garcia‐Marcos, M., Pochet, S., Marino, A., & Dehaye, J. (2006) · Cellular Signalling · doi:10.1016/j.cellsig.2006.05.008 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Sluyter, R. (2002) · International Immunology · doi:10.1093/intimm/dxf111 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Self-citationGrigoroiu‐Serbânescu, M., Herms, S., Mühleisen, T. W., Georgi, A., Diaconu, C. C., Strohmaier, J., Czerski, P. M., Hauser, J., Leszczyńska-Rodziewicz, A., Jamra, R. A., et al. (2009) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.30952 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Point mutations confer loss of ATP‐induced human P2X7 receptor function
Worthington, R. A., Smart, M. L., Gu, B. J., Williams, D. A., Petrou, S., Wiley, J. S., & Barden, J. A. (2002) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/s0014-5793(01)03311-7 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Human Epidermal and Monocyte-Derived Langerhans Cells Express Functional P2X7 Receptors
Georgiou, J. G., Skarratt, K. K., Fuller, S. J., Martin, C. J., Christopherson, R. I., Wiley, J. S., & Sluyter, R. (2005) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.0022-202x.2005.23835.x · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Self-citationHuman P2X7 Pore Function Predicts Allele Linkage Disequilibrium
Denlinger, L. C., Coursin, D. B., Schell, K. A., Angelini, G., Green, D. N., Guadarrama, A. G., Halsey, J., Prabhu, U., Hogan, K. J., & Bertics, P. J. (2006) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1373/clinchem.2005.065425 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
P2X7 receptor-mediated reactive oxygen and nitrogen species formation: from receptor to generators
Hewinson, J., & MacKenzie, A. B. (2007) · Biochemical Society Transactions · doi:10.1042/bst0351168 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Increased expression of apoptotic markers in melanoma
Slater, M. D., Scolyer, R. A., Gidley-Baird, A. A., et al. (2003) · Melanoma Research · doi:10.1097/00008390-200304000-00005 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Dardano, A., Falzoni, S., Caraccio, N., et al. (2008) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2008-1322 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Denlinger, L. C., Angelini, G., Schell, K. A., Green, D. N., Guadarrama, A. G., Prabhu, U., Coursin, D. B., Bertics, P. J., & Hogan, K. J. (2005) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.174.7.4424 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Zhang, L. Y., Ibbotson, R. E., Orchard, J., et al. (2003) · Leukemia · doi:10.1038/sj.leu.2403125 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Starczynski, J., Pepper, C. J., Pratt, G., et al. (2003) · British Journal of Haematology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2141.2003.04563.x · Cited by 48 · see citing works
P2RX7 Gln460Arg polymorphism is associated with depression among diabetic patients
Nagy, G., Rónai, Z., Somogyi, A., Sasvári‐Székely, M., Rahman, O. A., Máté, A., Varga, T., & Nemoda, Z. (2008) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2008.08.021 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Farrell, A. W., Gadeock, S., Pupovac, A., Wang, B., Jalilian, I., Ranson, M., & Sluyter, R. (2010) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects · doi:10.1016/j.bbagen.2010.07.001 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Self-citationGenetic susceptibility to different clinical forms of tuberculosis in the Peruvian population
Taype, C. A., Shamsuzzaman, S., Accinelli, R. A., et al. (2010) · Infection Genetics and Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2010.02.011 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Mokrousov, I. V., Валентиновна, С. Н., & Narvskaya, O. V. (2008) · Journal of Medical Microbiology · doi:10.1099/jmm.0.47455-0 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
P2X7 gene polymorphisms and risk assessment for pulmonary tuberculosis in Asian Indians.
Venkatasubramanian, S., Murthy, K. J. R., Reddy, R., et al. (2010) · PubMed · doi:10.3233/dma-2010-0682 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Al-Shukaili, A. K., Alkaabi, J., & Hassan, B. (2007) · Inflammation · doi:10.1007/s10753-007-9052-0 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
CD21 and CD62L shedding are both inducible via P2X7Rs
Sengstake, S., Boneberg, E., & Illges, H. (2006) · International Immunology · doi:10.1093/intimm/dxl051 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
P2X 7 -mediated chemoprevention of epithelial cancers
Gorodeski, G. I. (2009) · Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets · doi:10.1517/14728220903277249 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Association of P2X7 receptor +1513 (A-->C) polymorphism with tuberculosis in a Punjabi population.
Sharma, S., Kumar, V., Khosla, R., et al. (2010) · PubMed · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Lee, K. H., Park, S. S., Kim, I., Kim, J. H., K., E., Yoon, S., Hong, Y., Park, S., & Kim, B. K. (2007) · Haematologica · doi:10.3324/haematol.10810 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Attenuated P2X7 Pore Function as a Risk Factor for Virus-induced Loss of Asthma Control
Denlinger, L. C., Shi, L., Guadarrama, A. G., Schell, K., Green, D., Morrin, A., Hogan, K. J., Sorkness, R. L., Busse, W. W., & Gern, J. E. (2009) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.200802-293oc · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Current advances in the human lupus genetics
Shen, N., & Tsao, B. P. (2004) · Current Rheumatology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11926-004-0014-3 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Xiao, J., Sun, L., Jiao, W., et al. (2008) · FEMS Immunology & Medical Microbiology · doi:10.1111/j.1574-695x.2008.00508.x · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Tekin, D., Kayaaltı, Z., Dalgıç, N., Çakır, E., Söylemezoğlu, T., Kutlubay, B. I., & Kılıç, B. A. (2010) · The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal · doi:10.1097/inf.0b013e3181d9932e · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Nückel, H., Frey, U. H., Dürig, J., et al. (2004) · European Journal Of Haematology · doi:10.1111/j.0902-4441.2003.00210.x · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Dao‐Ung, L., Fuller, S. J., Sluyter, R., et al. (2004) · British Journal of Haematology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2004.04976.x · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Self-citationMetaanalysis of P2X7 gene polymorphisms and tuberculosis susceptibility
Xiao, J., Sun, L., Yan, H., et al. (2010) · FEMS Immunology & Medical Microbiology · doi:10.1111/j.1574-695x.2010.00735.x · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Regulation of P2X7 gene transcription
Zhou, L., Luo, L., Qi, X., Li, X., & Gorodeski, G. I. (2009) · Purinergic Signalling · doi:10.1007/s11302-009-9167-x · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Stevenson, R. O., Taylor, R. M., Wiley, J. S., & Sluyter, R. (2009) · Purinergic Signalling · doi:10.1007/s11302-009-9163-1 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Self-citationJursik, C., Sluyter, R., Georgiou, J. G., Fuller, S. J., Wiley, J. S., & Gu, B. J. (2007) · Journal of Immunological Methods · doi:10.1016/j.jim.2007.06.002 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Self-citationVariation in the purinergic P2RX7 receptor gene and schizophrenia
Hansen, T. F., Jakobsen, K. D., Fenger, M., Nielsen, J., Krane, K., Fink‐Jensen, A., Lublin, H., Ullum, H., Timm, S., Wang, A. G., et al. (2008) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2008.05.026 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Specific detection of non‐functional human P2X7 receptors in HEK293 cells and B‐lymphocytes
Barden, J. A., Sluyter, R., Gu, B. J., & Wiley, J. S. (2003) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/s0014-5793(03)00172-8 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Self-citationAnalysis of a polymorphic microRNA target site in the purinergic receptor P2RX7 gene
Rahman, O. A., Sasvari‐Szekely, M., Szekely, A., Faludi, G., Guttman, A., & Nemoda, Z. (2010) · ELECTROPHORESIS · doi:10.1002/elps.200900664 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
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P2X7 receptor activation causes phosphatidylserine exposure in human erythrocytes
Sluyter, R., Shemon, A. N., & Wiley, J. S. (2007) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2007.01.124 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citationMrázek, F., Gallo, J., Stahelova, A., & Petřek, M. (2009) · Human Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.humimm.2009.10.013 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Tharin, S. A., Hamel, P. A., Conway, E. M., Michalak, M., & Opas, M. (1996) · Journal of Cellular Physiology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-4652(199603)166:3 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Human neutrophils do not express purinergic P2X7 receptors
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Shemon, A. N., Sluyter, R., & Wiley, J. S. (2006) · Immunology and Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/sj.icb.7100005 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citationCirculating interleukin-18 concentrations and a loss-of-function P2X7 polymorphism in heart failure
Eslick, G. D., Thampan, B. V., Nalos, M., et al. (2008) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2008.05.017 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
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Functional significance of P2RX7 polymorphisms associated with affective mood disorders
Sluyter, R., Stokes, L., Fuller, S. J., Skarratt, K. K., Gu, B. J., & Wiley, J. S. (2010) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2010.04.013 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
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Denlinger, L. C., Schell, K. A., Angelini, G., et al. (2004) · Journal of Endotoxin Research · doi:10.1177/09680519040100020101 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
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The P2X7 Receptor in Infection and Inflammation
Di Virgilio, F., Dal Ben, D., Sarti, A. C., Giuliani, A. L., & Falzoni, S. (2017) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2017.06.020 · Cited by 1,267 · see citing works
Sluyter, R. (2017) · Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology · doi:10.1007/5584_2017_59 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Self-citationThe P2X7 Receptor: Central Hub of Brain Diseases
Andrejew, R., Oliveira-Giacomelli, Á., Ribeiro, D. E., Glaser, T., Arnaud-Sampaio, V. F., Lameu, C., & Ulrich, H. (2020) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2020.00124 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Hyperactivation of P2X7 receptors as a culprit of COVID-19 neuropathology
Ribeiro, D. E., Oliveira-Giacomelli, Á., Glaser, T., Arnaud-Sampaio, V. F., Andrejew, R., Dieckmann, L., Baranova, J., Lameu, C., Ratajczak, M. Z., & Ulrich, H. (2021) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41380-020-00965-3 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
P2X7 on Mouse T Cells: One Channel, Many Functions
Rissiek, B., Haag, F., Boyer, O., Koch-Nolte, F., & Adriouch, S. (2015) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2015.00204 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Metzger, M. W., Walser, S. M., Dedic, N., Aprile-Garcia, F., Jakubcakova, V., Adamczyk, M., Webb, K. J., Uhr, M., Refojo, D., Schmidt, M. V., et al. (2017) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3487-16.2017 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Associations between depression severity and purinergic receptor P2RX7 gene polymorphisms
Halmai, Z., Dome, P., Vereczkei, A., Abdul-Rahman, O., Szekely, A., Gonda, X., Faludi, G., Sasvari-Szekely, M., & Nemoda, Z. (2013) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2013.02.033 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
- Authors
- Sluyter, R., & Stokes, L.
- Affiliations
- University of Wollongong (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Stokes, Leanne
- Venue
- Recent Patents on DNA & Gene Sequences
- Publisher
- Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.
- Published
- 2011-04-01
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 41-54
- ISSN
- 1872-2156 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2155073725
- Cited by
- 147
- References
- 141
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 7.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- figshare.com
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Recent Patents on DNA & Gene Sequences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Online (University of Wollongong) (submittedVersion)
- RMIT Research Repository (RMIT University Library) (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Figshare (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Canine Research Foundation
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Physiology › Adenosine and Purinergic Signaling
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Pain Mechanisms and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Nephrology › Gout, Hyperuricemia, Uric Acid
- Keywords
- P2X7 receptor, purinergic receptors, splice variants, single nucleotide polymorphisms, haplotypes, loss-of-function mutations, gain-of-function mutations, extracellular ATP, purinergic signaling, inflammation, immunity, bone homeostasis, neurological function, cancer, NLRP3 inflammasome, macrophages, tuberculosis, oligodendrocytes, T cells, dendritic cells, Langerhans cells
- MeSH terms
- Adenosine Triphosphate, Humans, Models, Genetic, Patents as Topic, Signal Transduction, Protein Isoforms, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Receptors, Purinergic P2X7
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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