The DOI matches its Crossref record; 117 of the 119 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 87 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Health Care Provider Adoption of eHealth: Systematic Literature Review
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: eHealth is an application of information and communication technologies across the whole range of functions that affect health. The benefits of eHealth (eg, improvement of health care operational efficiency and quality of patient care) have previously been documented in the literature. Health care providers (eg, medical doctors) are the key driving force in pushing eHealth initiatives. Without their acceptance and actual use, those eHealth benefits would be unlikely to be reaped. OBJECTIVE: To identify and synthesize influential factors to health care providers' acceptance of various eHealth systems. METHODS: This systematic literature review was conducted in four steps. The first two steps facilitated the location and identification of relevant articles. The third step extracted key information from those articles including the studies' characteristics and results. In the last step, identified factors were analyzed and grouped in accordance with the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). RESULTS: This study included 93 papers that have studied health care providers' acceptance of eHealth. From these papers, 40 factors were identified and grouped into 7 clusters: (1) health care provider characteristics, (2) medical practice characteristics, (3) voluntariness of use, (4) performance expectancy, (5) effort expectancy, (6) social influence, and (7) facilitating or inhibiting conditions. CONCLUSIONS: The grouping results demonstrated that the UTAUT model is useful for organizing the literature but has its limitations. Due to the complex contextual dynamics of health care settings, our work suggested that there would be potential to extend theories on information technology adoption, which is of great benefit to readers interested in learning more on the topic. Practically, these findings may help health care decision makers proactively introduce interventions to encourage acceptance of eHealth and may also assist health policy makers refine relevant policies to promote the eHealth innovation.
Overview
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Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
This systematic review synthesized 93 papers on health care providers’ acceptance of eHealth and identified 40 factors grouped into 7 clusters using the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT). It concludes that UTAUT is useful for organizing the literature but has limitations because health care contexts involve factors and correlations not covered by the model.
Key findings
- From 93 included papers, 40 factors were identified and grouped into 7 clusters: health care provider characteristics, medical practice characteristics, voluntariness of use, performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and facilitating or inhibiting conditions.
- Most studies were conducted in North America (72/93, 77%), followed by Europe (9/93, 10%) and Asia (7/93, 8%); quantitative methods predominated (57/93 studies).
- EHR/EMR was the most studied eHealth application (57/93 studies), followed by telemedicine/telehealth (7/93 studies); most studies focused on physicians (68/93), while nurses and other health workers were recruited in 25 projects.
- The mapping showed UTAUT did not cover half of the health care provider characteristics (years in practice, role, and race) or medical practice characteristics; perceived usefulness had the strongest impact on health care providers’ behavioral intention in one cited study.
Methods
- Four-step systematic literature review: identification of resources, selection of relevant papers, data extraction, and data analysis/validation.
- Searches were run between October and November 2011 in 8 databases (Medline, Cinahl, Web of Science, PubMed, PsychInfo, ERIC, ProQuest Science Journals, EMBASE), yielding 3315 papers, 420 duplicates, 2895 unrepeated papers, and finally 93 relevant papers.
- Data analysis initially extracted 49 factors, combined closely related factors into 40, grouped them initially into 9 clusters, then regrouped into 7 clusters using UTAUT constructs and a validity procedure.
Limitations
- Stated: some papers may have been missed due to selected search phrases; database selection may have missed relevant work; mapping factors against UTAUT can be subjective.
- Evident from the text: most included studies were from the United States, and some factors are context sensitive (e.g., types of third-party payers reflect the US insurance context), limiting global generalizability.
- Evident from the text: findings include contradicting results across studies (e.g., on practice size and EMR use), and the review is a synthesis of existing studies rather than new primary data.
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Claims the paper makes
0 of 87 cited sources checked · 0 supported · 0 flagged
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Nevertheless, it was found that half of the health care provider characteristics (years in practice, role, and race) as well as medical practice characteristics identified from this literature review have not yet been covered in the UTAUT.”
§ Health Care Provider Adoption of eHealth: Systematic Literature Review > Discussion > Comparative and Gap Analysis
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Rests on an assumption: The findings extracted from the 93 included papers are valid and comparable enough to synthesize.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The most applied model was the TAM, which proposed a method of evaluating user acceptance through his/her beliefs, attitudes, intentions, and actual technology adoption behavior.”
§ Health Care Provider Adoption of eHealth: Systematic Literature Review > Discussion > Comparative and Gap Analysis
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Rests on an assumption: The findings extracted from the 93 included papers are valid and comparable enough to synthesize.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The factors were regrouped into 7 clusters:”
§ Health Care Provider Adoption of eHealth: Systematic Literature Review > Methods > Data Analysis and Validation
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Rests on an assumption: The findings extracted from the 93 included papers are valid and comparable enough to synthesize.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This study included 93 papers that have studied health care providers’ acceptance of eHealth.”
- Also stated in: § Selection of Relevant Articles · plain
“Finally, 93 relevant papers were selected.”
§ Health Care Provider Adoption of eHealth: Systematic Literature Review > Abstract > Results
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Rests on an assumption: The search strategy and selected databases identified all or a representative set of relevant eHealth adoption studies.
- Also stated in: § Selection of Relevant Articles · plain
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Further, some studies also showed significant correlations among the identified factors.”
§ Health Care Provider Adoption of eHealth: Systematic Literature Review > Discussion > Comparative and Gap Analysis
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Rests on an assumption: The findings extracted from the 93 included papers are valid and comparable enough to synthesize.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Few studies (eg, [41]) have successfully tested the applicability of the UTAUT model by Venkatesh et al [21].”
§ Health Care Provider Adoption of eHealth: Systematic Literature Review > Discussion > Comparative and Gap Analysis
What the sources say
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Rests on an assumption: The findings extracted from the 93 included papers are valid and comparable enough to synthesize.
In the paper
“Perceived usefulness had the strongest impact on health care providers’ behavior intention [88]”
§ Health Care Provider Adoption of eHealth: Systematic Literature Review > Discussion > Comparative and Gap Analysis
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [88] MortonMEDissertation International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering20092013-03-28Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USADrexel UniversityUse and acceptance of an electronic health record: factors affecting physician attitudeshttp://idea.library.drexel.edu/bitstream/1860/2905/1/Morton_Mary.pdf6FSYNd3oQ
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Rests on an assumption: The findings extracted from the 93 included papers are valid and comparable enough to synthesize.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The majority of the studies were conducted in hospitals and office-based clinics (primary care).”
§ Health Care Provider Adoption of eHealth: Systematic Literature Review > Results > Characteristics of Selected Studies
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIn the paper
“Based on the perceived commonality of the themes, the 40 factors were analyzed and organized according to the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) by Venkatesh et al [21].”
§ Health Care Provider Adoption of eHealth: Systematic Literature Review > Methods > Data Analysis and Validation
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [21] Venkatesh, V, 2003, MIS Quarterly source
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Rests on an assumption: The findings extracted from the 93 included papers are valid and comparable enough to synthesize.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Within these studies [25,29,41,42,75,77,79,81,83-85,87,88,102], the factors influential to health care providers’ acceptance of eHealth included their perceived usefulness and needs, perceived ease of use, and all of the facilitating or inhibiting conditions.”
§ Health Care Provider Adoption of eHealth: Systematic Literature Review > Discussion > Comparative and Gap Analysis
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [25] Djamasbi, S, 2009, Journal of Information Technology Theory and Application
- Not checked yetcites [29] source
- Not checked yetcites [41] Ruxwana, NL, 2010, HIM J source
- Not checked yetcites [42] source
- Not checked yetcites [75] Morton, ME, 2010, Perspect Health Inf Manag
- Not checked yetcites [77] source
- Not checked yetcites [79] BaroudRMDissertation International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering20082013-03-27How ready are the stakeholders in the Palestinian healthcare system in the Gaza strip to adopt e-health?http://dspace.ucalgary.ca/jspui/bitstream/1880/46329/1/Baroud_Thesis_2008.pdf6FRAvBXl2
- Not checked yetcites [81] Bhattacherjee, A, 2008, Journal of Computer Information Systems
- Not checked yetcites [83] Ernstmann, N, 2009, J Med Syst source
- Not checked yetcites [84] source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Rests on an assumption: The findings extracted from the 93 included papers are valid and comparable enough to synthesize.
- It may state two separate claims as one. 19
- Probably not a substantial claim. 31
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The majority of the studies (ie, 68/93) focused on physicians. Nurses and other health workers were recruited in 25 research projects on eHealth adoption and acceptance.”
§ Health Care Provider Adoption of eHealth: Systematic Literature Review > Results > Characteristics of Selected Studies
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In summary, a total of 3315 papers were found, of which 420 papers were duplicated. The selection process excluded the repeated papers from the archive and produced a list of 2895 papers.”
§ Health Care Provider Adoption of eHealth: Systematic Literature Review > Methods > Identification of Resources
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The search strategy and selected databases identified all or a representative set of relevant eHealth adoption studies.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The majority of the studies (72/93, 77%) were conducted in North America, followed by Europe (9/93, 10%), and Asia (7/93, 8%).”
§ Health Care Provider Adoption of eHealth: Systematic Literature Review > Results > Characteristics of Selected Studies
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Quantitative methodology was predominately used by 57/93 studies. The number was nearly twice as large as that of qualitative studies.”
§ Health Care Provider Adoption of eHealth: Systematic Literature Review > Results > Characteristics of Selected Studies
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Based on the terminologies or terms utilized in the papers, 49 eHealth adoption/acceptance factors were initially extracted.”
- Also stated in: § Data Analysis and Validation · plain
“Factors with close relevance were combined, generating a list of 40 factors.”
§ Health Care Provider Adoption of eHealth: Systematic Literature Review > Methods > Data Analysis and Validation
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The findings extracted from the 93 included papers are valid and comparable enough to synthesize.
- Also stated in: § Data Analysis and Validation · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Apart from the 4 core constructs and 4 moderators, another cluster of eHealth adoption factors, which could not be mapped against the UTAUT, was identified. Accordingly, the factors were initially grouped into 9 clusters (Figure 1).”
§ Health Care Provider Adoption of eHealth: Systematic Literature Review > Methods > Data Analysis and Validation
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The findings extracted from the 93 included papers are valid and comparable enough to synthesize.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“A small percentage applied models or theories on individual acceptance of information technology (eg, Technology Acceptance Model, TAM [116-118]). The results supported the models in predicting the adoption behavior in the health care context.”
§ Health Care Provider Adoption of eHealth: Systematic Literature Review > Discussion > Comparative and Gap Analysis
What the sources say
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The findings extracted from the 93 included papers are valid and comparable enough to synthesize.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“From these papers, 40 factors were identified and grouped into 7 clusters: (1) health care provider characteristics, (2) medical practice characteristics, (3) voluntariness of use, (4) performance expectancy, (5) effort expectancy, (6) social influence, and (7) facilitating or inhibiting conditions.”
- Also stated in: § eHealth Acceptance Factors · plain
“Through the data analysis and validation process, 40 factors were identified to be influential to the health care providers’ acceptance of eHealth and grouped into 7 clusters (Figure 3 and Table 2).”
- Also stated in: § Data Analysis and Validation · plain
“Factors with close relevance were combined, generating a list of 40 factors.”
§ Health Care Provider Adoption of eHealth: Systematic Literature Review > Abstract > Results
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The findings extracted from the 93 included papers are valid and comparable enough to synthesize.
- Also stated in: § eHealth Acceptance Factors · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The growth represented by the curve was not linear, with a dramatic rise in the number of papers published after 2005.”
§ Health Care Provider Adoption of eHealth: Systematic Literature Review > Results > Characteristics of Selected Studies
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The 93 papers addressed a wide range of eHealth applications. 57 targeted the EHR/EMR, which was defined as computerized medical information systems that collect, store, and display patient information [24].”
- Also stated in: § Characteristics of Selected Studies · plain
“Telemedicine/Telehealth was the second most popular application studied (addressed by 7/93 studies).”
§ Health Care Provider Adoption of eHealth: Systematic Literature Review > Results > Characteristics of Selected Studies
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [24] source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § Characteristics of Selected Studies · plain
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In this 4-step literature review, 40 factors were identified to be influential to health care providers’ acceptance of eHealth and organized in accordance with the UTAUT model.”
§ Health Care Provider Adoption of eHealth: Systematic Literature Review > Discussion > Concluding Remarks
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Russell et al found that health care providers in large practices were not more likely to use an EMR [112].”
§ Health Care Provider Adoption of eHealth: Systematic Literature Review > Discussion > Comparative and Gap Analysis
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [112] Russell, SC, 2004, Tenn Med
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Rests on an assumption: The findings extracted from the 93 included papers are valid and comparable enough to synthesize.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“To search for convergence among multiple sources of information and methods of data collection and analysis, a validity procedure was applied [22,23].”
§ Health Care Provider Adoption of eHealth: Systematic Literature Review > Methods > Data Analysis and Validation
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [22] Patton, MQ, 2002, Qualitative research and evaluation methods
- Not checked yetcites [23] Creswell, JW, 2000, Theory into Practice source
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“This is because the EMR/EHR consists of patient health related information and forms the core of eHealth systems [8].”
§ Health Care Provider Adoption of eHealth: Systematic Literature Review > Methods > Identification of Resources
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [8] Li, J, 2008, A Report of Joint Project of IEEE and United Nations Foundation
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“These databases were thought to be the most likely to publish eHealth adoption related work [20].”
§ Health Care Provider Adoption of eHealth: Systematic Literature Review > Methods > Identification of Resources
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [20] LiJLandLRayPEvaluation criteria for frameworks in e-health domain2009The 15th American Conference on Information Systems2009 6-9 AugustSan Francisco, California United States
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“This model accounts for 70% of the variance in usage intention—a substantial improvement over any of the original 8 models and their extensions.”
§ Health Care Provider Adoption of eHealth: Systematic Literature Review > Methods > Data Analysis and Validation
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [21] Venkatesh, V, 2003, MIS Quarterly source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Within the UTAUT, 3 core constructs that impact on behavioral intention, and consequently use behavior, are performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and social influence, whereas the other core construct facilitating conditions has a direct impact upon use behavior. Four moderators (ie, gender, age, voluntariness of use, and experience) have also been incorporated in the UTAUT.”
§ Health Care Provider Adoption of eHealth: Systematic Literature Review > Methods > Data Analysis and Validation
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [21] Venkatesh, V, 2003, MIS Quarterly source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The grouping results demonstrated that the UTAUT model is useful for organizing the literature but has its limitations.”
- Also stated in: § Comparative and Gap Analysis · boosted
“The mapping work demonstrated that the UTAUT model is a useful framework for applying and organizing literature, which is of great benefit to readers interested in learning more on the topic [119].”
§ Health Care Provider Adoption of eHealth: Systematic Literature Review > Abstract > Conclusions
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [119] Hennington, AH, 2007, Communications of the Association for Information Systems source
Load-bearingStrength:boosted· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The findings extracted from the 93 included papers are valid and comparable enough to synthesize.
- Also stated in: § Comparative and Gap Analysis · boosted
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“First, the eHealth adoption factors were reanalyzed within and across the clusters to ensure consistency and independence.”
§ Health Care Provider Adoption of eHealth: Systematic Literature Review > Methods > Data Analysis and Validation
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“Li et al explained that electronic patient records form the core of any other eHealth applications and thus the success of these is very much dependent on the EHR/EMR adoption [114].”
§ Health Care Provider Adoption of eHealth: Systematic Literature Review > Discussion > Comparative and Gap Analysis
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [114] source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Hence, there is a need to synthesize those insights and provide decision makers with a holistic view of eHealth adoption.”
§ Health Care Provider Adoption of eHealth: Systematic Literature Review > Introduction
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“In light of the guidelines originally proposed by [17,18] and already applied in several systematic reviews (eg, [19]), we conducted a systematic literature review on eHealth adoption.”
§ Health Care Provider Adoption of eHealth: Systematic Literature Review > Methods > Overview
What the sources say
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“eHealth implementation represents a disruptive change in the health care workplace.”
§ Health Care Provider Adoption of eHealth: Systematic Literature Review > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [15] source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This examination process had two iterations.”
§ Health Care Provider Adoption of eHealth: Systematic Literature Review > Methods > Selection of Relevant Articles
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The inclusion of those papers increased the validity of the findings.”
§ Health Care Provider Adoption of eHealth: Systematic Literature Review > Methods > Identification of Resources
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The clusters were then given labels and reviewed once more for consistency. Reassessment and relabelling were performed for some papers. This step was repeated until a consensus was reached on the labels for clusters.”
§ Health Care Provider Adoption of eHealth: Systematic Literature Review > Methods > Data Analysis and Validation
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Past experience of eHealth adoption in the United States, for example, informed us that the low adoption rate could be attributed to both macro-level factors (eg, supportive policies) from the perspective of the public, health care organization, and system, and micro-level barriers from the perspective of health care providers (eg, physicians’ perception about technological complexity, [9]).”
§ Health Care Provider Adoption of eHealth: Systematic Literature Review > Introduction
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [9] source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Legal and regulatory changes can be required to address eHealth adoption related issues [130,132].”
§ Health Care Provider Adoption of eHealth: Systematic Literature Review > Discussion > Practical Implications
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Workflow is associated with routine processes, characterized by a fixed definition of tasks and an order of execution [126].”
§ Health Care Provider Adoption of eHealth: Systematic Literature Review > Discussion > Practical Implications
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [126] source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although efforts were made to include all research papers on health care providers’ acceptance of various eHealth applications, some may not have been identified due to selected search phrases.”
§ Health Care Provider Adoption of eHealth: Systematic Literature Review > Discussion > Limitations
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although they are the outlets that were deemed most likely to publish eHealth acceptance-related work, some papers may have been missed.”
§ Health Care Provider Adoption of eHealth: Systematic Literature Review > Discussion > Limitations
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Rests on an assumption: The selected databases are the outlets most likely to publish eHealth acceptance-related work.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We tried to compensate for this potential loss by ensuring that all selected databases were searched to their full extent.”
§ Health Care Provider Adoption of eHealth: Systematic Literature Review > Discussion > Limitations
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“These amendments came into effect from March 1, 2007 and the electronic prescribing and dispensing process has been additional and separate to the already existing paper-based process.”
§ Health Care Provider Adoption of eHealth: Systematic Literature Review > Discussion > Practical Implications
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [8] Li, J, 2008, A Report of Joint Project of IEEE and United Nations Foundation
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Mapping the identified eHealth adoption factors against the UTAUT model can be subjective.”
§ Health Care Provider Adoption of eHealth: Systematic Literature Review > Discussion > Limitations
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“According to a recent analysis, $77.8 billion USD could be saved annually by interoperable clinical information exchange among key stakeholders in the health care delivery system [131].”
§ Health Care Provider Adoption of eHealth: Systematic Literature Review > Discussion > Practical Implications
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [131] source
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Bates commented that the interoperability between eHealth applications and seamless and reliable clinical information exchange is a key to making EHR use a cornerstone of practice [130].”
§ Health Care Provider Adoption of eHealth: Systematic Literature Review > Discussion > Practical Implications
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [130] source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We attempted to maximize the accuracy and appropriateness of our mapping work by applying the validity procedure.”
§ Health Care Provider Adoption of eHealth: Systematic Literature Review > Discussion > Limitations
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“These amendments came into effect from March 1, 2007 and the electronic prescribing and dispensing process has been additional and separate to the already existing paper-based process.”
§ Health Care Provider Adoption of eHealth: Systematic Literature Review > Discussion > Practical Implications
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [8] Li, J, 2008, A Report of Joint Project of IEEE and United Nations Foundation
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“After the workflow is analyzed thoroughly with health care providers’ involvement, their participatory process is also essential to fine-tune the system’s capabilities [128].”
§ Health Care Provider Adoption of eHealth: Systematic Literature Review > Discussion > Practical Implications
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [128] source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The certification effort would also minimize health care providers’ uncertainty over the selection of a viable and sustainable product from hundreds of IT vendors in the market [68,106].”
§ Health Care Provider Adoption of eHealth: Systematic Literature Review > Discussion > Practical Implications
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [68] Menachemi, N, 2006, Inform Prim Care
- Not checked yetcites [106] source
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In order to at least include those papers, which can help us increase the validity of the findings, the supplementary search keywords “EHR” and “EMR” were both used as previously discussed.”
§ Health Care Provider Adoption of eHealth: Systematic Literature Review > Discussion > Limitations
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“A feedback mechanism (eg, online help) allows health care providers to document a problem that they are having with the system and then to receive prompt feedback [13,125].”
§ Health Care Provider Adoption of eHealth: Systematic Literature Review > Discussion > Practical Implications
What the sources say
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper relies on this without support.
Health care providers' acceptance and actual use are necessary for eHealth benefits to be realized.
“Without their acceptance and actual use, those eHealth benefits would be unlikely to be reaped.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The search strategy and selected databases identified all or a representative set of relevant eHealth adoption studies.
“A literature search was conducted between October and November 2011 using 8 online databases: Medline, Cinahl, Web of Science, PubMed, PsychInfo, ERIC, ProQuest Science Journals, and EMBASE.”
“Finally, 93 relevant papers were selected.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The findings extracted from the 93 included papers are valid and comparable enough to synthesize.
“The key information was extracted from the 93 papers.”
“Relevant text was extracted or retyped verbatim and was added to a database.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The selected databases are the outlets most likely to publish eHealth acceptance-related work.
“Although they are the outlets that were deemed most likely to publish eHealth acceptance-related work, some papers may have been missed.”
The paper relies on this without support.
In small or independent medical practices, there is a lack or absence of internal capacity for system maintenance.
“In small or independent medical practices, there is lack or absence of internal capacity for system maintenance; eHealth vendors alternatively provide all these services but often charge high fees.”
The paper relies on this without support.
eHealth vendors provide system maintenance services but often charge high fees.
“In small or independent medical practices, there is lack or absence of internal capacity for system maintenance; eHealth vendors alternatively provide all these services but often charge high fees.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The Medicines Regulations (1984) and the Misuse of Drugs Regulations (1977) in New Zealand required indelible text and practitioners' handwritten signature for a legitimate prescription.
“For example, the Medicines Regulations (1984) and the Misuse of Drugs Regulations (1977) in New Zealand, which governs respectively the form of medication prescriptions and controlled substances, stated that indelible text and practitioners’ handwritten signature was required for a legitimate prescription.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The states and territories have continuously been taking steps to remove any legal barriers to the adoption of the electronic process in each jurisdiction.
“The states and territories have continuously been taking steps to remove any legal barriers to the adoption of the electronic process in each jurisdiction.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“However, despite increased emphasis on the potential value for improving health outcomes for children and adolescents, eMental health technologies are not widely adopted within health systems [23-26].”
From eMental Healthcare Technologies for Anxiety and Depression in Childhood and Adolescence: Systematic Review of Studies Reporting Implementation Outcomes (2018) · cites this paper as [25]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
A 2005 reference is cited for an increase after 2005
MinorThe cited reference was published in 2005 and concerns data from 2001-03, so it cannot document the stated increase after 2005.
“After 2005, there was a great increase in EHR adoption levels across the United States [115]”
“115. Burt CW Hing E Use of computerized clinical support systems in medical settings: United States, 2001-03 Adv Data 2005 3 2 353 1 8 15759905 15759905”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Li, J., Talaei-Khoei, A., Seale, H., Ray, P., & MacIntyre, C. R.
- Affiliations
- UNSW Sydney (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Li, Junhua
- Venue
- interactive Journal of Medical Research
- Publisher
- JMIR Publications Inc.
- Published
- 2013-04-16
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- e7
- ISSN
- 1929-073X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3628149
- OpenAlex
- W1530367293
- Semantic Scholar
- 4e4da7116216b38f8aa25c15039f6922a7a1d1ea
- Cited by
- 250
- References
- 119
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 31 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 3
- FWCI
- 1.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Interactive Journal of Medical Research (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- UTS ePRESS (University of Technology Sydney) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Health Information Management › Electronic Health Records Systems
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Information Systems and Management › Technology Adoption and User Behaviour
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Telemedicine and Telehealth Implementation
- Keywords
- digital health adoption, healthcare workers, technology acceptance, UTAUT, information technology adoption, performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, eHealth policy
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-09, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-09 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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