The Efficacy of Internet-Based Mindfulness Training and Cognitive-Behavioral Training With Telephone Support in the Enhancement of Mental Health Among College Students and Young Working Adults: Randomized Controlled Trial

Mak, Winnie WS; Chio, Floria HN; Chan, Amy TY; Lui, Wacy WS; Wu, Ellery KY

doi:10.2196/jmir.6737

Cited by 94Digital Mental Health InterventionsMindfulness and Compassion InterventionsAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes

The Efficacy of Internet-Based Mindfulness Training and Cognitive-Behavioral Training With Telephone Support in the Enhancement of Mental Health Among College Students and Young Working Adults: Randomized Controlled Trial

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Mak, Winnie WS, Chio, Floria HN, Chan, Amy TY, Lui, Wacy WS, Wu, Ellery KY·2017·Journal of Medical Internet Research

DOI 10.2196/jmir.6737PMC PMC5382258

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: College students and working adults are particularly vulnerable to stress and other mental health problems, and mental health promotion and prevention are needed to promote their mental health. In recent decades, mindfulness-based training has demonstrated to be efficacious in treating physical and psychological conditions. OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to examine the efficacy of an Internet-based mindfulness training program (iMIND) in comparison with the well-established Internet-based cognitive-behavioral training program (iCBT) in promoting mental health among college students and young working adults. METHODS: This study was a 2-arm, unblinded, randomized controlled trial comparing iMIND with iCBT. Participants were recruited online and offline via mass emails, advertisements in newspapers and magazines, announcement and leaflets in primary care clinics, and social networking sites. Eligible participants were randomized into either the iMIND (n=604) or the iCBT (n=651) condition. Participants received 8 Web-based sessions with information and exercises related to mindfulness or cognitive-behavioral principles. Telephone or email support was provided by trained first tier supporters who were supervised by the study's research team. Primary outcomes included mental and physical health-related measures, which were self-assessed online at preprogram, postprogram, and 3-month follow-up. RESULTS: Among the 1255 study participants, 213 and 127 completed the post- and 3-month follow-up assessment, respectively. Missing data were treated using restricted maximum likelihood estimation. Both iMIND (n=604) and iCBT (n=651) were efficacious in improving mental health, psychological distress, life satisfaction, sleep disturbance, and energy level. CONCLUSIONS: Both Internet-based mental health programs showed potential in improving the mental health from pre- to postassessment, and such improvement was sustained at the 3-month follow-up. The high attrition rate in this study suggests the need for refinement in future technology-based psychological programs. Mental health professionals need to team up with experts in information technology to increase personalization of Web-based interventions to enhance adherence. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR): ChiCTR-TRC-12002623; https://www2.ccrb.cuhk.edu.hk/ registry/public/191 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6kxt8DjM4).

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Online mindfulness training in the workplace has effects on well-being comparable with internet-based cognitive-behavioural training and on organizational parameters such as decision-making, productivity, interpersonal communication, organizational relationships, job strain, perceptions of workplace social support and leadership competencies.
“Not only it proved effects on well-being comparable with internet-based cognitive-behavioural training33, but also on organizational parameters such as decision-making, productivity, interpersonal communication, organizational relationships34, job strain, perceptions of workplace social support28 and key leadership competencies including those related to decisiveness and creativity35.”
From Mindfulness-based online intervention increases well-being and decreases stress after Covid-19 lockdown (2022) · cites this paper as [33]
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Mindfulness-based interventions have shown relevant efficacy on workers' well-being and organizational parameters, in both in-person and online modalities.
“Mindfulness-based interventions have shown a relevant efficacy on workers’ well-being3 and organizational parameters34, in both in-person and online modalities33.”
From Mindfulness-based online intervention increases well-being and decreases stress after Covid-19 lockdown (2022) · cites this paper as [33]
Guided internet-based CBT improves mental health attributes among Hong Kong college students and young working adults who complete an 8-week program.
“The guided internet-based CBT intervention was reported to improve the attributes of mental health among those who had completed the 8-week internet-based program among Hong Kong college students and young working adults [12].”
From Cost-effectiveness of internet-supported cognitive behavioral therapy for university students with anxiety symptoms: A Markov-model analysis (2022) · cites this paper as [12]

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Płomecka, M. B., Gobbi, S., Neckels, R., Radziński, P., Skórko, B., Lazzeri, S., Almazidou, K., Dedić, A., Bakalović, A., Hrustić, L., et al. (2020) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/zj6b4 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
College Students' Experiences with, and Willingness to Use, Different Types of Telemental Health Resources: Do Gender, Depression/Anxiety, or Stress Levels Matter?
Toscos, T., Carpenter, M., Drouin, M., Roebuck, A., Kerrigan, C., & Mirro, M. (2018) · Telemedicine and e-Health · doi:10.1089/tmj.2017.0243 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Feasibility and effectiveness of an online mindfulness meditation program for medical students
Danilewitz, M., Koszycki, D., Maclean, H., Sanchez-Campos, M., Gonsalves, C., Archibald, D., & Bradwejn, J. (2018) · Canadian Medical Education Journal · doi:10.36834/cmej.43041 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
A Peer-Led, Social Media-Delivered, Safer Sex Intervention for Chinese College Students: Randomized Controlled Trial
Sun, W. H., Wong, C. K. H., & Wong, W. C. W. (2017) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.7403 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Short-term effect of internet-delivered mindfulness-based stress reduction on mental health, self-efficacy, and body image among women with breast cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic
Chang, Y.-C., Chiu, C.-F., Wang, C.-K., Wu, C.-T., Liu, L.-C., & Wu, Y.-C. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.949446 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
The Effect of Virtual Mindfulness-Based Interventions on Sleep Quality: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
Jiang, A., Rosario, M., Stahl, S., Gill, J., & Rusch, H. L. (2021) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-021-01272-6 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Meta-analysis of Technology-Enabled Mindfulness-Based Programs for Negative Affect and Mindful Awareness
Victorson, D. E., Sauer, C. M., Wolters, L., Maletich, C., Lukoff, K., & Sufrin, N. (2020) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-020-01373-y · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Cognitive, Regulatory, and Interpersonal Mechanisms of HIV Stigma on the Mental and Social Health of Men Who Have Sex With Men Living With HIV
Chan, R. C. H., & Mak, W. W. S. (2019) · American Journal of Men s Health · doi:10.1177/1557988319873778 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
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Resilience and mindfulness in nurse training on an undergraduate curriculum
Mitchell, A. E. P. (2020) · Perspectives In Psychiatric Care · doi:10.1111/ppc.12714 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Interventions in Chinese Undergraduate Students’ Mental Health: Systematic Review
Shan, Y., Ji, M., Xie, W., Li, R., Qian, X., Zhang, X., & Hao, T. (2022) · Interactive Journal of Medical Research · doi:10.2196/38249 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
The Influence of Three Modes of Human Support on Attrition and Adherence to a Web- and Mobile App–Based Mental Health Promotion Intervention in a Nonclinical Cohort: Randomized Comparative Study
Renfrew, M. E., Morton, D. P., Morton, J. K., Hinze, J. S., Przybylko, G., & Craig, B. A. (2020) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/19945 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Types of Digital Mindfulness: Improving Mental Health Among College Students – A Scoping Review
Yosep, I., Suryani, S., Mediani, ‎. S., Mardhiyah, A., & Ibrahim, K. (2024) · Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare · doi:10.2147/jmdh.s443781 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Personalization variables in digital mental health interventions for depression and anxiety in adolescents and youth: a scoping review
Wanniarachchi, V. U., Greenhalgh, C., Choi, A., & Warren, J. (2025) · Frontiers in Digital Health · doi:10.3389/fdgth.2025.1500220 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Mindfulness-based online intervention on mental health and quality of life among COVID-19 patients in China: an intervention design
Si, M.-Y., Xiao, W.-J., Pan, C., Wang, H., Huang, Y.-M., Lian, J., Mak, W. W. S., Leng, Z.-W., Su, X.-Y., Tang, Q.-P., et al. (2021) · Infectious Diseases of Poverty · doi:10.1186/s40249-021-00836-1 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“Although previous studies showed that face-to face mindfulness practices are effective to alleviate mental and physical symptoms including depression and sleeplessness [17–19, 45], the web-based mindfulness intervention were proved to have potential in improving the mental health of various study population with more…”
Self-citation
Effects of a Online Brief Modified Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Therapy for Anxiety among Chinese Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Wang, M., Zhang, H., Zhang, X., Zhao, Q., Chen, J., Hu, C., Feng, R., Liu, D., Fu, P., Zhang, C., et al. (2023) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.03.009 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Culturally Adapting an Internet-Delivered Mindfulness Intervention for Indonesian University Students Experiencing Psychological Distress: Mixed Methods Study
Listiyandini, R. A., Andriani, A., Kusristanti, C., Moulds, M. L., Mahoney, A., & Newby, J. M. (2023) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/47126 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Feasibility and Effectiveness of the Web‐Based WeActive and WeMindful Interventions on Physical Activity and Psychological Well‐Being
Marenus, M. W., Murray, A., Friedman, K., Sanowski, J., Ottensoser, H., Cahuas, A., Kumaravel, V., & Chen, W. (2021) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2021/8400241 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Daily stress, and mental health of professional degree graduate students in Chinese traditional medicine universities: the mediating role of learning career adaptation
Li, L., Zhu, M., Yao, A.-L., Yang, J., & Yang, L. (2023) · BMC Medical Education · doi:10.1186/s12909-023-04614-5 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Factors Associated With Psychological Disturbances During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Multicountry Online Study
Płomecka, M. B., Gobbi, S., Neckels, R., Radziński, P., Skórko, B., Lazzeri, S., Almazidou, K., Dedić, A., Bakalović, A., Hrustić, L., et al. (2021) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/28736 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Can an E-Mail-Delivered CBT for Insomnia Validated in the West Be Effective in the East? A Randomized Controlled Trial
Okajima, I., Tanizawa, N., Harata, M., Suh, S. A., Yang, C., Li, S. X., & Trockel, M. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19010186 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Cost-effectiveness of internet-supported cognitive behavioral therapy for university students with anxiety symptoms: A Markov-model analysis
You, J. H. S., Luk, S. W. C., Chow, D. Y. W., Jiang, X., Mak, A. D. P., & Mak, W. W. S. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0268061 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“The guided internet-based CBT intervention was reported to improve the attributes of mental health among those who had completed the 8-week internet-based program among Hong Kong college students and young working adults [12].”
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Efficacy of a single-session online ACT-based mindfulness intervention among undergraduates in lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic
Pang, N. T. P., Tio, V. C. S., Bhupendar Singh, A. S., Tseu, M. W. L., Shoesmith, W. D., Abd Rahim, M. A., & Mohd Kassim, M. A. (2022) · Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy · doi:10.47626/2237-6089-2020-0172 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Academic stress, cognitive appraisal, academic self-efficacy, and academic anxiety among Chinese college students: A moderated mediation model
Ouyang, H., Xie, H., Wang, Y., Chen, X., Cheng, Q., Hou, B., & Zhang, P. (2026) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2026.106322 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Investigating Employees’ Concerns and Wishes Regarding Digital Stress Management Interventions With Value Sensitive Design: Mixed Methods Study
Kerr, J. I., Naegelin, M., Benk, M., von Wangenheim, F., Meins, E., Viganò, E., & Ferrario, A. (2023) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/44131 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Comparison of two different mindfulness interventions among health care students in Finland: a randomised controlled trial
Repo, S., Elovainio, M., Pyörälä, E., Iriarte-Lüttjohann, M., Tuominen, T., Härkönen, T., Gluschkoff, K., & Paunio, T. (2022) · Advances in Health Sciences Education · doi:10.1007/s10459-022-10116-8 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Intervention on Anxiety, Depression and Burden of Caregivers of Multiple Sclerosis Patients Through Web Conferencing
Khazaeili, M., Hajebi, M. Z., Mohamadkhani, P., & Mirzahoseini, H. (2019) · Practice in Clinical Psychology · doi:10.32598/jpcp.7.1.21 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Efficacy of Internet‐based rumination‐focused cognitive behavioral therapy and mindfulness‐based intervention with guided support in reducing risks of depression and anxiety: A randomized controlled trial
Mak, W. W. S., Tong, A. C. Y., Fu, A. C. M., Leung, I. W. Y., Jung, O. H. C., Watkins, E. R., & Lui, W. W. S. (2023) · Applied Psychology Health and Well-Being · doi:10.1111/aphw.12512 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
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Effectiveness of a guided online mindfulness-focused intervention in a student population: Study protocol for a randomised control trial
Schultchen, D., Küchler, A., Schillings, C., Weineck, F., Karabatsiakis, A., Ebert, D. D., Baumeister, H., & Pollatos, O. (2020) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032775 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Socioeconomic Status, Mental Health, and Workplace Determinants among Working Adults in Hong Kong: A Latent Class Analysis
Tong, A. C. Y., Tsoi, E. W. S., & Mak, W. W. S. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18157894 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
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A therapist-guided internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy program for Hong Kong university students with psychological distress: A study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Pan, J., Carlbring, P., & Lu, L. (2022) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2022.100600 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Participation in Online Mindfulness was Associated with Improved Self-Compassion and Prosocial Attitudes
Bailey, N. W., Comte, W., Chambers, R., Bartlett, L., Connaughton, S., & Hassed, C. S. (2023) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-023-02168-7 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
The perceived psychological stressors and coping behaviours in university students, on a pre-registration programme
Mitchell, A. E. P. (2020) · The Journal of Mental Health Training Education and Practice · doi:10.1108/jmhtep-09-2019-0048 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
An online mindfulness intervention for medical students in South Africa: A randomised controlled trial
Boyd, N., & Alexander, D. (2022) · South African Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v28i0.1840 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Money can’t buy happiness: A randomized controlled trial of a digital mental health app with versus without financial incentives
Chang, C., Palermo, E. H., Deswert, S., Brown, A., & Nuske, H. J. (2023) · Digital Health · doi:10.1177/20552076231170693 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
A Web-Based Stratified Stepped Care Platform for Mental Well-being (TourHeart+): User-Centered Research and Design
Mak, W. W. S., Ng, S. M., & Leung, F. H. T. (2023) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/38504 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
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Computer‐assisted psychological assessment and psychotherapy for collegians
Heesacker, M., Perez, C., Quinn, M. S., & Benton, S. A. (2019) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.22854 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Effect of Online Psychological Intervention on Burnout in Medical Residents From Different Majors: An Exploratory Study
Wang, J., Song, B., Shao, Y., & Zhu, J. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.632134 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Association between non-restorative sleep and psychotic-like experiences among Chinese college students: A latent profile and moderated mediation analysis
Liao, W., Luo, X., Kong, F., Sun, Y., & Ye, Z. (2024) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2024.06.038 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Effectiveness of internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy with virtual reality exposure therapy for social anxiety disorder: A randomized controlled trial in Hong Kong
Pan, J., Thew, G. R., & Clark, D. M. (2025) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2025.04.100 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
A pilot test of Internet-delivered brief interactive training sessions for depression: Evaluating dropout, uptake, adherence, and outcome
Ruehlman, L. S., & Karoly, P. (2021) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.1080/07448481.2021.1961781 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Culturally Adapted Guided Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Hong Kong People With Depressive Symptoms: Randomized Controlled Trial
Pan, J., & Rafi, J. (2025) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/64303 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Examining the effects of exercise with different cognitive loads on executive function: A systematic review
Chu, C.-L., Chueh, T., & Hung, T. (2024) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/bs.pbr.2024.01.003 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Mindfulness, sleep, and post-traumatic stress in long-haul truck drivers
Wise, J. M., Heaton, K. L., & Shattell, M. M. (2020) · Work · doi:10.3233/wor-203256 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Signing up is not yet mindfulness practice: A systematic review of adherence to eHealth and mHealth mindfulness-based programs in the pre-pandemic period
Liptáková, S., Světlák, M., Matis, J., Slezáčková, A., & Rastislav, R. (2022) · Ceskoslovenska psychologie · doi:10.51561/cspsych.66.3.233 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
An Investigation into College Students’ Preferences for Technology Integration into Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction
Loiacono, E. T., Fulwiler, C., Cohanim, R., & Davis, M. (2018) · AIS Transactions on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.17705/1thci.00109 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Efficacy of Internet-based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Hong Kong University Students: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Pan, J., Carlbring, P., & Lu, L. (2024) · Research on Social Work Practice · doi:10.1177/10497315241252054 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
The Effects of Mindfulness‐Based Intervention on Cognitive Functions in Tertiary Students: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Jong, F. J. X., Ng, A. L. O., Phang, C. K., Omran, S., & Teoh, S. L. (2025) · Applied Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1002/acp.70056 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Internet Intervention on the Anxiety, Depression, and Fatigue of the Patients With Multiple Sclerosis
Khazaeili, M., Hajebi, M. Z., Mohamadkhani, P., & Mirzahoseini, H. (2019) · Practice in Clinical Psychology · doi:10.32598/jpcp.7.2.137 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Systematic review and meta-analysis of effects of standalone digital mindfulness-based interventions on sleep in adults
Lee, S.-A., & Park, J. (2025) · npj Digital Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41746-025-02120-0 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Internet-Based Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for the Adjunctive Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder
Apolinário-Hagen, J., & Salewski, C. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-10-6577-4_22 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Research status of internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy in cancer patients
Li, B., & Wang, J. (2023) · World Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.5498/wjp.v13.i11.831 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
A review of mental health literacy strategy for adolescence
Yulianti, P. D., & Surjaningrum, E. R. (2021) · International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) · doi:10.11591/ijphs.v10i4.20364 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Examining the impact of web-based mindfulness on undergraduate student’s quality of life: a randomized controlled trial
Ahmad, F., Morr, C. E., Ritvo, P., Abbas, S., Bohr, Y., Ferrari, M., Fung, W. L. A., Hartley, L., Mawani, A., McKenzie, K., et al. (2023) · BMC Digital Health · doi:10.1186/s44247-023-00023-2 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
A Mindfulness Program Addressing Sleep Quality and Stress: Transition to a Telehealth Format for Higher Education Students During COVID-19
Benham, S., Enam, N., & Ivaturi, S. (2022) · International Journal of Telerehabilitation · doi:10.5195/ijt.2022.6439 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Influence of Multiple Music Styles and Composition Styles on College Students’ Mental Health
Zheng, Q., & Lam, V. (2022) · Occupational Therapy International · doi:10.1155/2022/6167197 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Retracted
Evaluation of software for mental health promotion of undergraduate nursing students in the early years of college
Baldassarini, C. R., Gonçalves, J. S., Masella, T. A. C., de Oliveira, J. L., & de Souza, J. (2022) · Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP · doi:10.1590/1980-220x-reeusp-2022-0006en · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Artificial Intelligence Technology and Ideological Political Education
Yang, Y., & Li, Q. (2025) · International Journal of Cognitive Informatics and Natural Intelligence · doi:10.4018/ijcini.385726 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Guided Online Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Community Residents with Emotional Distress during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Young, D. K. W., Carlbring, P., Cheng, D., Ng, S., Petrus Yat-nam, N. G., & Chen, Q.-R. J. (2024) · Social Work · doi:10.1093/sw/swae004 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
The effect of a 14-day digital nudge-based sleep hygiene intervention on behavioural, cognitive, and emotional well-being in college students: An experimental approach
Chen, T. X., Cheng, C.-Y., Koay, M., Soh, C. B., & Hartanto, A. (2026) · Computers in Human Behavior Reports · doi:10.1016/j.chbr.2026.101030 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Mental health Apps to address inequitable access to care in specific regions of the global North and South: A scoping review
Rasendran, R., & Ahmad, F. (2021) · International Health Trends and Perspectives · doi:10.32920/ihtp.v1i2.1425 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Effects and mechanisms of an online short-term audio-based mindfulness program on negative emotions in a community setting: A study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Kang, M., & Nan, J. K.-M. (2022) · European Journal of Integrative Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.eujim.2022.102139 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
The Intervention Effect of Online Mindfulness Training in Alleviating Youths’ Test Anxiety
Liu, A., & Zhou, G. (2024) · Youth & Society · doi:10.1177/0044118x241248476 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Impact of mindfulness and coping strategies on the well-being of hospice workers in Slovakia during the Covid-19 pandemic
Kohútová, K., Štefáková, L., & Gerec, F. (2022) · Kontakt · doi:10.32725/kont.2022.040 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Treatment and Diagnosis in Healthcare
Singh, S., Rai, V., Yadav, A., Kanojia, A., & Srivastava, S. K. (2024) · Journal for Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology · doi:10.55544/jrasb.3.4.2 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“StudiCare Mindfulness”: effects of an online mindfulness-based intervention on mindfulness, stress, and interoception in university students – a randomized controlled trial
Schillings, C., Schultchen, D., Küchler, A., Mack, M., Baumeister, H., & Pollatos, O. (2026) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-026-04631-1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Mental health survey of medical personnel during pre-job training in a closed-loop management system during the COVID-19 pandemic
Zhou, L., Huang, X., He, L., He, J., Qin, J., Fang, Z., Huang, C., & Chen, J. (2023) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1279153 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Internet-delivered modified Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (iMBCT) intervention for perceived stress and emotional distress: A pilot RCT studyPreprint
Wardęszkiewicz, J., & Holas, P. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3622035/v1 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Crisis Intervention and PTSD-Related Research in China
Zhang, L., & Li, L. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-70134-9_97-1
RETRACTED: The effect of a hypothetical psychological counseling of health care on the development of mental alertness and self-efficacy corona Pande
Mabrouk, S. H., Rasheed, A., Abduljawad, R. M., Marzouk, L. M. B. A., Abdulghani, S. R., & Saleh, W. S. M. (2021) · International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare · doi:10.1108/ijhrh-02-2021-0034
Retracted
Feasibility of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Stress Reduction and Resilience for Medical Students at a large teaching hospital and medical campus in the Western Cape: A randomised controlled, comparative trial with Supportive Counselling
Boyd, N. (2021) · SUNScholar (Stellenbosch University)
Mindfulness-based Online Training Increases Well-being and Decreases Stress After Covid-19 Lockdown (Preprint)Preprint
Bossi, F., Zaninotto, F., D’Arcangelo, S., Lattanzi, N., Malizia, A. P., & Ricciardi, E. (2021) · doi:10.2196/preprints.29949
Mindfulness Virtual Community for Student’s Mental Health: A Randomized Control Trial (Preprint)Preprint
Ahmad, F., Morr, C. E., Ritvo, P., Othman, N., Moineddin, R., & MVC Team (2019) · doi:10.2196/preprints.15520
Crisis Intervention and PTSD-Related Research in China
Zhang, L., & Li, L. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-57296-9_97
Effectiveness of virtual psychosocial programme on psychological well being and self satisfaction: Quasi – Experimental design (Preprint)Preprint
Sharma, M., Dhaliwal, K. K., & Kumar, Y. (2022) · doi:10.2196/preprints.38503
PEMANFAATAN AUDIOVISUAL DALAM PENANGANAN DEPRESI PADA REMAJA
Lala, L., Sianturi, R., Chaerunisa, M., Anggreini, N. F. N., Lestari, P., Farida, R. V., Hilmayasari, R., Amran, S. N., & Pratywie, S. Z. (2020) · Jurnal Mitra Kesehatan · doi:10.47522/jmk.v3i1.52 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Avaliação de um software de promoção da saúde mental para graduandos de enfermagem dos anos iniciais
Baldassarini, C. R., Gonçalves, J. S., Masella, T. A. C., de Oliveira, J. L., & de Souza, J. (2022) · Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP · doi:10.1590/1980-220x-reeusp-2022-0006pt
Efficacy of Internet-based rumination-focused cognitive behavioral therapy and mindfulness-based intervention with guided support in reducing risks of depression and anxiety: A randomized controlled trial (Preprint)Preprint
Mak, W. W. S., Tong, A. C. Y., Fu, A. C. M., Leung, I. W. Y., Jung, O. H. C., Watkins, E. R., & Lui, W. W. S. (2023) · doi:10.2196/preprints.45656
Self-citation
The use of saffron in depression among nursing students in Indonesia: A quasi-experimental study
Sumiyarini, R., & Diaz, K. (2023) · Journal of Holistic Nursing Science · doi:10.31603/nursing.v10i1.8203
Effectiveness of Internet-based Ease with Zen Mindfulness-based Program on Well-being Among General Population in Hong Kong: A Pragmatic Randomized Control Trial (Preprint)Preprint
Yu, B. C. L., Mak, W. W. S., Fashi, C. L., Wong, V. P. Y., Lam, I. C. C., Lee, J., & Chan, K. K. Y. (2024) · doi:10.2196/preprints.30009
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Exploring the Interplay between Depression Symptom Severity and Mobile Technology-Delivered Intervention (Mtdi) Engagement in College Students: A Cross-Lagged Panel AnalysisPreprint
DeLorenzo, B. M., Knapp, K., Hareli, M., Silton, R. L., & Conley, C. S. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5375755
Additional file 1 of Daily stress, and mental health of professional degree graduate students in Chinese traditional medicine universities: the mediating role of learning career adaptation
Li, L., Zhu, M., Yao, A., Yang, J., & Yang, L. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26614582
Impact of Digital Health Interventions on the Quality of Life of College Students: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (Preprint)Preprint
Yan, Z., Jiang, J., Zhong, W., Zhong, Q., Guo, Y., & Yin, Z. (2026) · doi:10.2196/preprints.90929
Toward Personalized Psychoeducational Interventions for Psychophysical Health: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis for Tailored Intervention Selection
Gkintoni, E., & Vantarakis, A. (2026) · Journal of Personalized Medicine · doi:10.3390/jpm16040215
A Smartphone-Based Ecological Momentary Intervention for Workplace Mental Health: Randomized Controlled Trial
Li, S., Lo, L. L. H., Lau, C., Lam, M., & Chan, M. (2026) · JMIR mhealth and uhealth · doi:10.2196/72435

Effectiveness, Acceptability, and Mechanisms of Change of the Internet-Based Intervention StudiCare Mindfulness for College Students: a Randomized Controlled Trial
Küchler, A., Kählke, F., Vollbrecht, D., Peip, K., Ebert, D. D., & Baumeister, H. (2022) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-022-01949-w · Cited by 35 · see citing works
StudiCare mindfulness-study protocol of a randomized controlled trial evaluating an internet- and mobile-based intervention for college students with no and "on demand" guidance.
Küchler, A.-M., Schultchen, D., Pollatos, O., Moshagen, M., Ebert, D. D., & Baumeister, H. (2020) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-020-04868-0 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Feasibility and Outcomes of an Internet-Based Mindfulness Training Program: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Kvillemo, P., Brandberg, Y., & Bränström, R. (2016) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/mental.5457 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
An internet-based mindfulness intervention for German-speaking college students: effectiveness, acceptance, guidance, mechanisms of change, and negative effects
Küchler, A.-M. (2023) · OPen Access Repositorium der Universität Ulm (OPARU) (Ulm University) · doi:10.18725/oparu-50245
A Three-Armed Randomized Controlled Trial to Evaluate the Effectiveness, Acceptance, and Negative Effects of StudiCare Mindfulness, an Internet- and Mobile-Based Intervention for College Students with No and “On Demand” Guidance
Küchler, A., Schultchen, D., Dretzler, T., Moshagen, M., Ebert, D. D., & Baumeister, H. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20043208 · Cited by 30 · see citing works

Authors: Mak, W. W., Chio, F. H., Chan, A. T., Lui, W. W., & Wu, E. K.
Affiliations: Chinese University of Hong Kong (HK)
Hospital Authority (HK)
Corresponding author: Mak, Winnie WS
ORCID: Mak, Winnie WS
Chio, Floria HN
Chan, Amy TY
Lui, Wacy WS
Wu, Ellery KY
Venue: Journal of Medical Internet Research
Publisher: JMIR Publications Inc.
Published: 2017-03-22
Volume: 19
Issue: 3
Pages: e84
ISSN: 1438-8871 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.2196/jmir.6737
PMC: PMC5382258
OpenAlex: W2602399471
Cited by: 94
References: 61
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 1
FWCI: 8.13
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
Locations: Journal of Medical Internet Research (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Keywords: mental health promotion, psychological distress, life satisfaction, sleep disorders, energy levels, university students, young working adults, telephone support, attrition, online intervention, stress, program adherence, mental health prevention, program efficacy, follow-up outcomes
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Behavioral Medicine, Cognition, Female, Health Workforce, Humans, Male, Mental Health, Students, Telephone, Universities, Telemedicine, Internet, Young Adult, Mindfulness

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The Efficacy of Internet-Based Mindfulness Training and Cognitive-Behavioral Training With Telephone Support in the Enhancement of Mental Health Among College Students and Young Working Adults: Randomized Controlled Trial

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