An eight-week, web-based mindfulness virtual community intervention for students’ mental health: Randomized controlled trial
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Innovative interventions are needed to address the increasing mental health needs of university students. Given the demonstrated anxiolytic and antidepressant benefits of mindfulness training, we developed an 8-week, Web-based Mindfulness Virtual Community (MVC) intervention informed by cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) constructs. OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the efficacy of the MVC intervention in reducing symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress among undergraduate students in Toronto, Canada. The secondary outcomes included quality of life, life satisfaction, and mindfulness. METHODS: The first 4 weeks of the full MVC intervention (F-MVC) comprised: (1) 12 video-based modules with psycho-education on students' preidentified stressful topics and topically applied mindfulness practice; (2) anonymous peer-to-peer discussion forums; and (3) anonymous, group-based, professionally guided, 20-min live videoconferences. The second 4 weeks of F-MVC involved access only to video-based modules. The 8-week partial MVC (P-MVC) comprised 12 video-based modules. A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 4 parallel arms: F-MVC, P-MVC, waitlist control (WLC), and group-based face-to-face CBT; results for the latter group are presented elsewhere. Students recruited through multiple strategies consented and were randomized: WLC=40; F-MVC=40, P-MVC=39; all learned about allocation after consenting. The online surveys at baseline (T1), 4 weeks (T2), and 8 weeks (T3) included the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 item, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Perceived Stress Scale, Quality of Life Scale, Brief Multi-Dimensional Students Life Satisfaction Scale, and Five-Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire. Analyses employed generalized estimation equation methods with AR(1) covariance structures and were adjusted for possible confounders (gender, age, birth country, paid work, unpaid work, physical activities, self-rated health, and mental health counseling access). RESULTS: Of the 113 students who provided T1 data, 28 were males and 85 were females with a mean age of 24.8 years. Participants in F-MVC (n=39), P-MVC (n=35), and WLC (n=39) groups were similar in sociodemographic characteristics at T1. At T3 follow-up, per adjusted comparisons, there were statistically significant reductions in depression scores for F-MVC (score change -4.03; P<.001) and P-MVC (score change -4.82; P<.001) when compared with WLC. At T3, there was a statistically significant reduction in anxiety scores only for P-MVC (score change -7.35; P=.01) when compared with WLC. There was a statistically significant reduction in scores for perceived stress for both F-MVC (score change -5.32; P<.001) and P-MVC (score change -5.61; P=.005) compared with WLC. There were statistically significant changes at T3 for quality of life and mindfulness for F-MVC and P-MVC vs WLC but not for life satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS: Internet-based mindfulness CBT-based interventions, such as F-MVC and P-MVC, can result in significant reductions in symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress in a student population. Future research with a larger sample from multiple universities would more precisely test generalizability. TRIAL REGISTRATION: International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number ISRCTN92827275; https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN92827275.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Systematic reviews show that meditation and mindfulness-based intervention programs improve resilience to stress, anxiety and depression among university students and other populations, whether delivered offline or online.
“Systematic reviews conducted on the effectiveness of meditation programs and mindfulness-based intervention programs led to improvements in resilience to stress, anxiety and depression among university students and other populations, whether delivered offline [9] or online [10–14].”
From Effectiveness of online mindfulness interventions on medical students’ mental health: a systematic review (2021) · cites this paper as [14]
The Introduction (Background; page unavailable) reports that reviews found in-person mindfulness interventions improved students’ stress, anxiety, and depression, and the Discussion (Conclusions; page unavailable) reports reductions in those symptoms in this paper’s web-based student trial. The paper is a randomized trial, not a systematic review of online programs, and these passages do not establish improved resilience as a distinct outcome or the online result in other populations. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredPrevious interventions found improvements in eight weeks.
“following the duration criteria of previous interventions where improvements were found in that time frame [21,22]”
A video-based intervention was found to be effective in one study addressing university students.
“Since a video-based intervention was found to be effective in one study addressing university students [14]”
From Effectiveness of online mindfulness interventions on medical students’ mental health: a systematic review (2021) · cites this paper as [14]
Randomized control trials using online mindfulness interventions addressing students' mental health have proven to be effective.
“Randomized control trials using online mindfulness interventions addressing students’ mental health have proven to be effective [11, 12, 14, 24–26]”
From Effectiveness of online mindfulness interventions on medical students’ mental health: a systematic review (2021) · cites this paper as [14]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
A Global Measure of Perceived Stress
Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., & Mermelstein, R. (1983) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.2307/2136404 · Cited by 32,807 · see citing works
An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: Psychometric properties.
Beck, A. T., Epstein, N., Brown, G., & Steer, R. A. (1988) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.56.6.893 · Cited by 14,407 · see citing works
The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being
Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2003) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.84.4.822 · Cited by 13,448 · see citing works
Spitzer, R. L. (1999) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.282.18.1737 · Cited by 9,802 · see citing works
Mindfulness-based interventions in context: Past, present, and future
Kabat-Zinn, J. (2003) · Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice · doi:10.1093/clipsy.bpg016 · Cited by 8,615 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Mindfulness is defined as “the awareness that emerges through paying attention on purpose, in the present, and nonjudgmentally to the unfolding of experience moment by moment” [20].”
Mindfulness-based interventions in context: Past, present, and future.
Kabat-Zinn, J. (2003) · Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice · doi:10.1093/clipsy/bpg016 · Cited by 8,612 · see citing works
Kabat-Zinn, J. (1982) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0163-8343(82)90026-3 · Cited by 4,255 · see citing works
Mindfulness-based stress reduction and health benefits
Grossman, P., Niemann, L., Schmidt, S., & Walach, H. (2004) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3999(03)00573-7 · Cited by 3,958 · see citing works
The effect of mindfulness based therapy on anxiety and depression: A meta analytic review
Hofmann, S. G., Sawyer, A. T., Witt, A. A., & Oh, D. (2010) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0018555 · Cited by 3,846 · see citing works
Effects of mindfulness on psychological health: A review of empirical studies
Keng, S.-L., Smoski, M. J., & Robins, C. J. (2011) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2011.04.006 · Cited by 2,687 · cited 3× · see citing works
“Evidence shows that mindfulness-based interventions positively impact psychological [22,24] and physical health [25], with multiple meta-analyses demonstrating positive impacts in clinical and nonclinical populations [26-30].”
Eysenbach, G., & CONSORT-EHEALTH Group (2011) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.1923 · Cited by 1,863 · see citing works
Chiesa, A., & Serretti, A. (2009) · The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine · doi:10.1089/acm.2008.0495 · Cited by 1,681 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Evidence shows that mindfulness-based interventions positively impact psychological [22,24] and physical health [25], with multiple meta-analyses demonstrating positive impacts in clinical and nonclinical populations [26-30].”
Boutron, I., Altman, D. G., Moher, D., Schulz, K. F., Ravaud, P., & for the CONSORT NPT Group* (2017) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/m17-0046 · Cited by 1,538 · see citing works
Twenge, J. M., Cooper, A. B., Joiner, T. E., Duffy, M. E., & Binau, S. G. (2019) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/abn0000410 · Cited by 1,469 · see citing works
Mindfulness-based stress reduction and health benefits: A meta-analysis
Grossman, P., Niemann, L., Schmidt, S., & Walach, H. (2003) · Focus on Alternative and Complementary Therapies · doi:10.1111/j.2042-7166.2003.tb04008.x · Cited by 1,394 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Evidence shows that mindfulness-based interventions positively impact psychological [22,24] and physical health [25], with multiple meta-analyses demonstrating positive impacts in clinical and nonclinical populations [26-30].”
Bayram, N., & Bilgel, N. (2008) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-008-0345-x · Cited by 1,391 · see citing works
Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Depression: A New Approach to Preventing Relapse
Morgan, D. (2003) · Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/713869628 · Cited by 1,203 · see citing works
Bohlmeijer, E., ten Klooster, P. M., Fledderus, M., Veehof, M., & Baer, R. (2011) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191111408231 · Cited by 990 · cited 4× · see citing works
“In terms of the level of mindfulness, FFMQ-SF scores improved when compared with controls in a statistically significant manner at T3 for F-MVC in unadjusted analysis (T3 score-change 7.8; P =.002) and for P-MVC in adjusted analysis (score change 6.83; P =.01).”
InfluentialLipson, S. K., Lattie, E. G., & Eisenberg, D. (2019) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.201800332 · Cited by 947 · see citing works
The psychological effects of meditation: a meta-analysis
Sedlmeier, P., Eberth, J., Schwarz, M., Zimmermann, D., Haarig, F., Jaeger, S., & Kunze, S. (2012) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0028168 · Cited by 910 · see citing works
The Effects of Mindfulness Meditation: A Meta-Analysis
Eberth, J., & Sedlmeier, P. (2012) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-012-0101-x · Cited by 791 · see citing works
Randomization and allocation concealment: a practical guide for researchers
Doig, G. S., & Simpson, F. O. (2005) · Journal of Critical Care · doi:10.1016/j.jcrc.2005.04.005 · Cited by 664 · see citing works
Preliminary Validation of the Brief Multidimensional Students' Life Satisfaction Scale (BMSLSS)
Seligson, J. L., Huebner, E. S., & Valois, R. F. (2003) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1023/a:1021326822957 · Cited by 621 · see citing works
Sareen, J., Jagdeo, A., Cox, B. J., Clara, I., ten Have, M., Belik, S.-L., de Graaf, R., & Stein, M. B. (2007) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/ps.2007.58.3.357 · Cited by 470 · see citing works
Trends in college students’ mental health diagnoses and utilization of services, 2009–2015
Oswalt, S. B., Lederer, A. M., Chestnut-Steich, K., Day, C. R. T., Halbritter, A., & Ortiz, D. (2018) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.1080/07448481.2018.1515748 · Cited by 470 · see citing works
Vøllestad, J., Nielsen, M. B., & Nielsen, G. H. (2012) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8260.2011.02024.x · Cited by 459 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Evidence shows that mindfulness-based interventions positively impact psychological [22,24] and physical health [25], with multiple meta-analyses demonstrating positive impacts in clinical and nonclinical populations [26-30].”
Measurement of quality of life: current state of the art.
Flanagan, J. C. (1982) · PubMed · Cited by 440 · see citing works
Song, Y., & Lindquist, R. (2015) · Nurse Education Today · doi:10.1016/j.nedt.2014.06.010 · Cited by 434 · see citing works
Therapist-supported Internet cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety disorders in adults
Olthuis, J. V., Watt, M. C., Bailey, K., Hayden, J. A., & Stewart, S. H. (2016) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd011565.pub2 · Cited by 390 · see citing works
Stress, Depression, and Anxiety among Undergraduate Nursing Students
Chernomas, W. M., & Shapiro, C. R. (2013) · International Journal of Nursing Education Scholarship · doi:10.1515/ijnes-2012-0032 · Cited by 390 · see citing works
Moutinho, I. L. D., Maddalena, N. D. C. P., Roland, R. K., Lucchetti, A. L. G., Tibiriçá, S. H. C., Ezequiel, O. D. S., & Lucchetti, G. (2017) · Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira · doi:10.1590/1806-9282.63.01.21 · Cited by 361 · see citing works
A randomised controlled trial of a brief online mindfulness-based intervention
Cavanagh, K., Strauss, C., Cicconi, F., Griffiths, N., Wyper, A., & Jones, F. (2013) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2013.06.003 · Cited by 350 · see citing works
McConville, J., McAleer, R., & Hahne, A. (2017) · EXPLORE · doi:10.1016/j.explore.2016.10.002 · Cited by 336 · see citing works
Warnecke, E., Quinn, S., Ogden, K., Towle, N., & Nelson, M. R. (2011) · Medical Education · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2923.2010.03877.x · Cited by 307 · see citing works
van der Riet, P., Levett-Jones, T. L., & Aquino-Russell, C. E. (2018) · Nurse Education Today · doi:10.1016/j.nedt.2018.03.018 · Cited by 298 · see citing works
Lipson, S. K., Zhou, S., Wagner, B., Beck, K., & Eisenberg, D. (2015) · Journal of College Student Psychotherapy · doi:10.1080/87568225.2016.1105657 · Cited by 274 · see citing works
Cheung, T., Wong, S. Y., Wong, K., Law, L. Y., Ng, K., Tong, M., Wong, K.-Y., Ng, M., & Yip, P. S. F. (2016) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph13080779 · Cited by 264 · see citing works
Stress, anxiety, and depression among medical students in a multiethnic setting
Afsar, N. A., & Kulsoom, B. (2015) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s83577 · Cited by 260 · see citing works
Dvořáková, K., Kishida, M., Li, J., Elavsky, S., Broderick, P. C., Agrusti, M. R., & Greenberg, M. T. (2017) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.1080/07448481.2017.1278605 · Cited by 231 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Recent randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on mindfulness using face-to-face sessions, prescribed exploratory mental exercises, and video programs have reflected effectiveness in reducing symptoms for one or more of the three conditions of anxiety, stress, and depression [31-38].”
Pedersen, E. R., & Paves, A. P. (2014) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2014.05.017 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Räsänen, P., Lappalainen, P., Muotka, J., Tolvanen, A., & Lappalainen, R. (2016) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2016.01.001 · Cited by 221 · cited 4× · see citing works
“High attrition rate was a common problem in several student studies [44,45,48,50], although it was a significantly less prevalent problem in studies that used coaching, reminders, and feedback strategies [43,49].”
InfluentialVariations in Student Mental Health and Treatment Utilization Across US Colleges and Universities
Lipson, S. K., Gaddis, S. M., Heinze, J. E., Beck, K., & Eisenberg, D. (2015) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.1080/07448481.2015.1040411 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Internet-Based Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Depression: Current Progress and Future Directions
Webb, C. A., Rosso, I. M., & Rauch, S. L. (2017) · Harvard Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/hrp.0000000000000139 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Rickwood, D., Mazzer, K., & Telford, N. R. (2015) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-015-0429-6 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Happier Healers: Randomized Controlled Trial of Mobile Mindfulness for Stress Management
Yang, E., Schamber, E., Meyer, R. M. L., & Gold, J. I. (2018) · The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine · doi:10.1089/acm.2015.0301 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Chen, Y., Yang, X., Wang, L., & Zhang, X. (2013) · Nurse Education Today · doi:10.1016/j.nedt.2012.11.014 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
A mixed‐methods systematic review of the effects of mindfulness on nurses
Guillaumie, L., Boiral, O., & Champagne, J. (2017) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/jan.13176 · Cited by 186 · cited 1× · see citing works
“In relation to student population, several recent reviews have indicated that in-person mindfulness-based interventions have a positive effect on students’ mood and their levels of stress, anxiety, and depression [39-42].”
Effect of a mindfulness program on stress, anxiety and depression in university students
Gallego, J., Aguilar-Parra, J. M., Cangas, A. J., Langer, Á. I., & Mañas, I. (2014) · The Spanish Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1017/sjp.2014.102 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Falsafi, N. (2016) · Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association · doi:10.1177/1078390316663307 · Cited by 178 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Recent randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on mindfulness using face-to-face sessions, prescribed exploratory mental exercises, and video programs have reflected effectiveness in reducing symptoms for one or more of the three conditions of anxiety, stress, and depression [31-38].”
Broderick, P. C., & Jennings, P. A. (2012) · New Directions for Youth Development · doi:10.1002/yd.20042 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Therapist-supported Internet cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety disorders in adults
Olthuis, J. V., Watt, M. C., Bailey, K., Hayden, J. A., & Stewart, S. H. (2015) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd011565 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Noone, C., & Hogan, M. (2018) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-018-0226-3 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Mindfulness and Loving-Kindness Meditation
Adventure-Heart, D. J., & Proeve, M. J. (2017) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.1177/0033294116685867 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Lappalainen, P., Langrial, S., Oinas-Kukkonen, H., Tolvanen, A., & Lappalainen, R. (2015) · Behavior Modification · doi:10.1177/0145445515598142 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
McIndoo, C. C., File, A. A., Preddy, T., Clark, C. G., & Hopko, D. R. (2016) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2015.12.012 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Mak, W. W., Chan, A. T., Cheung, E. Y., Lin, C. L., & Ngai, K. C. (2015) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.3746 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Turner, J. C., & Keller, A. (2015) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.1080/07448481.2015.1055567 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Mindfulness Facets and Depression in Adolescents: Rumination as a Mediator
Royuela-Colomer, E., & Calvete, E. (2016) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-016-0547-3 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Schlarb, A. A., Claßen, M., Grünwald, J., & Vögele, C. (2017) · International Journal of Mental Health Systems · doi:10.1186/s13033-017-0131-9 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Radhu, N., Daskalakis, Z. J., Arpin-Cribbie, C. A., Irvine, J., & Ritvo, P. (2012) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.1080/07448481.2011.630703 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Self-citationMak, W. W., Chio, F. H., Chan, A. T., Lui, W. W., & Wu, E. K. (2017) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.6737 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
O’Driscoll, M., Byrne, S., Gillicuddy, A. M., Lambert, S., & Sahm, L. J. (2017) · Psychology Health & Medicine · doi:10.1080/13548506.2017.1280178 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Noone, C., & Hogan, M. (2016) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-016-0122-7 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Be True to Our Schools—Models of Care in College Mental Health
Downs, N. S., Galles, E., Skehan, B., & Lipson, S. K. (2018) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-018-0935-6 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Nguyen-Feng, V. N., Greer, C. S., & Frazier, P. (2017) · Psychological Services · doi:10.1037/ser0000154 · Cited by 73 · cited 1× · see citing works
“For example, Nguyen et al [69] reported that their Web-based mindfulness intervention for students led to significant reductions in scores for depression, anxiety, and stress over time, although this was not significantly different from a group who received a Web-based general stress management intervention.”
Hedeker, D., Gibbons, R. D., & WATERNAUX, C. M. (1999) · Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics · doi:10.2307/1165262 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Antonson, C., Thorsén, F., Sundquist, J., & Sundquist, K. (2017) · European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s00787-017-1035-6 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Azam, M. A., Mongrain, M., Vora, K., Pirbaglou, M., Azargive, S., Changoor, T., Wayne, N., Guglietti, C., Macpherson, A., Irvine, J., et al. (2016) · International Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.17583/ijep.2016.1504 · Cited by 19 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Thus, our team developed a Mindfulness Virtual Community (MVC) Web-based program (described below) after conducting eight focus groups with students and incorporating comprehensive review of pertinent literature [54-58].”
A Student-Centered Mental Health Virtual Community Needs and Features: A Focus Group Study
Morr, C. E., Maule, C. O., Ashfaq, I., Ritvo, P., & Farah, A. (2017) · Studies in health technology and informatics · doi:10.3233/978-1-61499-742-9-104 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Novel Applications of Virtual Communities in Healthcare Settings
Morr, C. E. (2017) · Advances in healthcare information systems and administration book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-5225-2958-3 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- [55]Ahmad F El Morr C Ritvo P Mindfulness Virtual Community for Student Mental Health Proceedings of the Center for innovation in Campus Health Conference 2018 2018 CICMH'18 November 21-22, 2018 Toronto, ON
Cited by
Sorted by citations
A systematic review and meta-analysis of psychological interventions to improve mental wellbeing
van Agteren, J., Iasiello, M., Lo, L., Bartholomaeus, J., Kopsaftis, Z., Carey, M., & Kyrios, M. (2021) · Nature Human Behaviour · doi:10.1038/s41562-021-01093-w · Cited by 510 · see citing works
Psychological Health and Physical Activity Levels during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review
Violant, V., Jiménez, G. G., González, C. S. G., Muñoz‐Violant, S., Rodríguez, M. J., Sansano-Nadal, O., & Guerra-Balic, M. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17249419 · Cited by 349 · see citing works
Sommers-Spijkerman, M., Austin, J., Bohlmeijer, E., & Pots, W. (2021) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/28168 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
El Morr, C., Ritvo, P., Ahmad, F., Moineddin, R., & MVC Team (2020) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/18595 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Williamson, A. J., Gish, J. J., & Stephan, U. (2021) · Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice · doi:10.1177/10422587211006431 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Petkovic, J., Duench, S., Trawin, J., Dewidar, O., Pardo, J. P., Simeon, R., DesMeules, M., Gagnon, D., Roberts, J. H., Hossain, A., et al. (2021) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd012932.pub2 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Are online mental health interventions for youth effective? A systematic review.
Zhou, X., Edirippulige, S., Bai, X., & Bambling, M. (2021) · Journal of Telemedicine and Telecare · doi:10.1177/1357633x211047285 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Leung, C., Pei, J., Hudec, K., Shams, F., Munthali, R., & Vigo, D. (2022) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/36004 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Effectiveness of ICT-based intimate partner violence interventions: a systematic review
El Morr, C., & Layal, M. (2020) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-020-09408-8 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Ritvo, P., Ahmad, F., El Morr, C., Pirbaglou, M., Moineddin, R., & MVC Team (2021) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/23491 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Matsumoto, K., Hamatani, S., & Shimizu, E. (2021) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/31293 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Zuo, X., Tang, Y., Chen, Y., & Zhou, Z. (2023) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1259250 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Measurement of flourishing: a scoping review
Rule, A., Abbey, C., Wang, H., Rozelle, S., & Singh, M. K. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1293943 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Yogeswaran, V., & El Morr, C. (2021) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-021-12341-z · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Reangsing, C., Lauderman, C., & Schneider, J. K. (2022) · Journal of Integrative and Complementary Medicine · doi:10.1089/jicm.2021.0036 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Sandoval, K. D., Morote-Jayacc, P. V., Moreno-Molina, M., & Taype-Rondán, Á. (2021) · Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatría · doi:10.1016/j.rcp.2021.10.005 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Alrashdi, D. H., Chen, K. K., Meyer, C., & Gould, R. L. (2023) · Journal of Technology in Behavioral Science · doi:10.1007/s41347-023-00321-6 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Murray, A., Marenus, M. W., Cahuas, A., Friedman, K., Ottensoser, H., Kumaravel, V., Sanowski, J., & Chen, W. (2022) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/31839 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Prieto-Fidalgo, Á., Gómez-Odriozola, J., Royuela-Colomer, E., Orue, I., Fernández‐González, L., Oñate, L., Cortázar, N., Castillo, I. I., & Calvete, E. (2021) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-021-01756-9 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Ma, L., Huang, C., Tao, R., Cui, Z., & Schluter, P. (2021) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2021.100427 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Christo, E. M., & Layal, M. (2019) · Studies in health technology and informatics · doi:10.3233/978-1-61499-951-5-103 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Reangsing, C., Abdullahi, S. G., & Schneider, J. K. (2022) · Journal of Integrative and Complementary Medicine · doi:10.1089/jicm.2022.0606 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Hutchesson, M., Whatnall, M. C., Yazin, N., Fenton, S., Duncan, M. J., KAY‐LAMBKIN, F. J., & Burrows, T. L. (2022) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.1063429 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Fialho, P. M. M., Wenig, V., Heumann, E., Müller, M., Stock, C., & Pischke, C. R. (2025) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-025-23669-1 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Ornelas, I. J., Perez, G., Maurer, S., Gonzalez, S., Childs, V., Price, C. J., Nelson, A. K., Solorio, S. A. P., Tran, A. N., & Rao, D. (2022) · Journal of Integrative and Complementary Medicine · doi:10.1089/jicm.2022.0491 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Reangsing, C., Trakooltorwong, P., Maneekunwong, K., Thepsaw, J., & Oerther, S. E. (2023) · BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies · doi:10.1186/s12906-023-04102-9 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Zhou, X., Edirippulige, S., JONES, A. T., Bai, X., Smith, A. C., & Bambling, M. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0294119 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Online group interventions for mental health promotion of college students: Integrative review
Lucietto, G. C., Rossato, L., Correia‐Zanini, M. R. G., & Scorsolini‐Comin, F. (2022) · Counselling and Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1002/capr.12561 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Relationship between mental health and students’ academic performance through a literature review
Monsivais, C. L. R., Cano, S. R., Moreira, E. L., & Benito, V. D. (2024) · Discover Psychology · doi:10.1007/s44202-024-00240-4 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Raffaele, C. T., Khosravi, P., Parker, A. J., Godovich, S. A., Rich, B. A., & Adleman, N. E. (2021) · Children & Schools · doi:10.1093/cs/cdab010 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Pavlacic, J. M., Schulenberg, S. E., Witcraft, S. M., & Buchanan, E. M. (2022) · Journal of Technology in Behavioral Science · doi:10.1007/s41347-022-00274-2 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Puente-Torre, P., Benito, V. D., Cano, S. R., & García-Delgado, M. Á. (2024) · Multimodal Technologies and Interaction · doi:10.3390/mti8100089 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Dang, K., Ritvo, P., Katz, J. D., Gratzer, D., Knyahnytska, Y., Ortiz, A., Walters, C., Attia, M., Gonzalez‐Torres, C., Lustig, A., et al. (2023) · Interactive Journal of Medical Research · doi:10.2196/46419 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Sfayyih, A. H., Sulaiman, N., & Sabry, A. H. (2025) · Computers in Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.compbiomed.2025.110182 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Determining The Anxiety And Anxiety Levels Of University Students In The COVID 19 Outbreak.
Çalık, M. (2020) · International Journal Of Medical Science And Clinical Invention · doi:10.18535/ijmsci/v7i07.07 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Gallego, J., Cangas, A. J., Mañas, I., Aguilar-Parra, J. M., Langer, Á. I., Navarro, N., & Lirola, M.-J. (2023) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare11040555 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Mutter, A., Bücheler, M., Idrees, A. R., Domhardt, M., & Baumeister, H. (2024) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2024-086728 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Wang, D., Lin, B., Zhang, S., Xu, W., & Liu, X. (2024) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/50664 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“Our findings also have cost implications, given that personnel costs often constitute the largest proportion of online interventions and face-to-face consulting costs [73].”
Mindfulness-Based Intervention on Psychological Factors Among Students: A Meta-Analytic Study
Lal, D. M., & Kumar, S. (2023) · Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1007/s10942-023-00514-1 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Pirbaglou, M., El Morr, C., Ahmad, F., & Ritvo, P. (2025) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/65853 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“Although reasons for attrition were not indicated in original publications [47,48], attrition rate did not differ by cohort year ( P =.12), and there were no statistically significant differences in demographics or psychological characteristics among the participants who dropped out and those who…”
InfluentialBeogo, I., Ramdé, J., Anne, A., Gagnon, M.-P., Sia, D., & Tchouaket, E. N. (2023) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/47059 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Güler, K. G., Keskin, S. G., & Terzi, M. (2024) · Public Health Nursing · doi:10.1111/phn.13389 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Benham, S., Enam, N., & Ivaturi, S. (2022) · International Journal of Telerehabilitation · doi:10.5195/ijt.2022.6439 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Ahmadi, F. B., Dehghan, M. J., Baharvand, V., & Azizi, A. (2023) · Frontiers in Health Informatics · doi:10.30699/fhi.v12i0.410 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Özer, Ö., & Köksal, B. (2023) · OSMANGAZİ JOURNAL OF MEDICINE · doi:10.20515/otd.1309551 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Promoting College Student and Staff Well-being Through a Mindfulness-based Coping Program
Long, R. B., Kennedy, M., Spink, K. M., & Lengua, L. J. (2023) · OBM Integrative and Complementary Medicine · doi:10.21926/obm.icm.2303034 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Ritvo, P., Gratzer, D., Knyahnytska, Y., Ortiz, A., Walters, C., Katz, J. D., Laposa, J. M., Baldissera, C., Wayne, N., Pfefer-Litman, D., et al. (2021) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/29726 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Mental Health for Medical Students, what do we know today?
Yogeswaran, V., & Morr, C. E. (2022) · Procedia Computer Science · doi:10.1016/j.procs.2021.12.245 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Medina, A. M., Mead, J. S., Prokopowicz, P. A., Ahmed, F., Basanez, M., Medellín, D., & Sommer, C. L. (2022) · Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups · doi:10.1044/2022_persp-21-00271 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Ahmad, F., Morr, C. E., Ritvo, P., Abbas, S., Bohr, Y., Ferrari, M., Fung, W. L. A., Hartley, L., Mawani, A., McKenzie, K., et al. (2023) · BMC Digital Health · doi:10.1186/s44247-023-00023-2 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
A systematic review on mindfulness-based immersive interventions in depressive disorders
Tan, P., Wu, Y., Chen, X., Chen, J., Guo, Z., Lu, X., Chen, J., & Zhang, H. (2026) · npj Mental Health Research · doi:10.1038/s44184-026-00205-6 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Xu, F., Zhu, W., Chen, Q., & Tang, Y. (2023) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-023-05188-7 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Addressing Student Well-Being in Universities
Vetrivel, S. C., Sabareeshwari, V., Arun, V. P., & Sowmiya, K. C. (2024) · Advances in higher education and professional development book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-8860-0.ch014 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
A Theory-Based Meta-Analysis: Stress Management Interventions for College Students
Williams, L. D., Lipscomb, T. J., & Tiamuh, Z. (2023) · Journal of Education and Training Studies · doi:10.11114/jets.v11i4.6267 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Lu, Q., Lu, J., Zheng, Y., Shen, J., Zhao, X., Xu, J., Gu, X., & Chu, Z. (2025) · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.3389/fcvm.2025.1587547 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Pal, A., Panigrahi, S. K., & Majumdar, S. (2022) · Journal of Education and Health Promotion · doi:10.4103/jehp.jehp_398_21 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Karimi, M., Heshmatnia, F., Azima, S., Akbarzadeh, M., & Thapa, S. (2025) · Health Science Reports · doi:10.1002/hsr2.70587 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Cebolla, A., Navarro-Siurana, J., Galante, J., Sarrión, P., Vidal, J., Fernández-Castilla, B., Lecuona, Ó., Vázquez, C., & Baños, R. M. (2025) · Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being · doi:10.1111/aphw.70069 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Lira, C. V. C. F. E., Matos, M. T. L., de Andrade, M. M., de Souza, N. C. V. F., Valadão, A. F., Cunha, Â. G. J., & Martins, P. S. (2022) · Brazilian Journal of Health Review · doi:10.34119/bjhrv5n5-188 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Internet-Based Cognitive-Behavior Interventions for University Students: a Systematic Review
Ledur, B., Schmitt, M., Rossa, I., & Andretta, I. (2023) · Trends in Psychology · doi:10.1007/s43076-023-00310-x · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Gökmen, B. D., & FIRAT, M. (2024) · Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences · doi:10.33808/clinexphealthsci.1286603 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
A Pilot and Feasibility Study on a Mindfulness-Based Intervention Adapted for LGBTQ+ Adolescents
Klimo, K. D., Wilson, J. W., Farewell, C. V., Grose, R. G., Puma, J. E., Brittain, D. R., Shomaker, L. B., & Quirk, K. M. (2024) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph21101364 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Culture and mental health: Transformative views from equity and inclusion to cultural empowerment
Bravo, D. Y., Rincon, B., Arnold, E., & Meza, A. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-91497-0.00259-9 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Amalianita, B., & Ifdil, I. (2021) · COUNS-EDU| The International Journal of Counseling and Education · doi:10.23916/0020210636430 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Morr, C. E., Tavangar, F., Ahmad, F., Ritvo, P., & MVC Team (2024) · Interactive Journal of Medical Research · doi:10.2196/50982 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Does Mindfulness Mediated by Virtual Reality Help People with Functional Diversity?
Puente-Torre, P., Benito, V. D., Cano, S. R., & Lozano-Álvarez, M. (2025) · Societies · doi:10.3390/soc15020045 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Intervenções em qualidade de vida com universitários
Morabi, M. D. M. E. P., & Neto, S. B. D. C. (2024) · Revista Internacional de Educação Superior · doi:10.20396/riesup.v12i00.8676740 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Kaufman, S. R., Damiao, J. A., Paljevic, E. D., Amendola, C. L., Camenisch, C., & Westphal, M. (2025) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.1080/07448481.2025.2516604 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Bastien, L., Cho, S., Petrovic, J., Khoury, B., Bloom, E. L., & Heath, N. L. (2025) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2025.100868 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Cebolla, A., Fernández-Castilla, B., Lecuona, O. Z., Navarro‐Siurana, J., Galante, J., Sarrión-Castelló, P., Vidal, J., Baños, R. M., & Vázquez, C. (2026) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2026.102692 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Tong, M., Qiu, Y., Liu, J., Yue, Y., Gu, J., Zeng, L., Yu, Y., & Yang, F. (2026) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2026.03.022 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Pan, W., Yang, C.-C., Chen, Y.-H., & Hsieh, C.-H. (2026) · Midwifery · doi:10.1016/j.midw.2026.104807 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Cheuquemán, C., Cerda, C., Fernàndez‐Carriba, S., & León, M. (2025) · Revista Colombiana de Educación · doi:10.17227/rce.num96-19371 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Prasetya, R. L., Dwidiyanti, M., & Dewi, N. S. (2022) · Nurse and Health Jurnal Keperawatan · doi:10.36720/nhjk.v11i1.352
Efektivitas Mindfulness Untuk Meningkatkan Kualitas Hidup
Ayu, D. U. S., & Yudiarso, A. (2021) · Jurnal Psikologi Udayana · doi:10.24843/jpu.2021.v08.i02.p02
Morr, C. E., Tavanga, F., Ahmad, F., Ritvo, P., & MVC Team (2023) · doi:10.2196/preprints.46192
Lee, M., Schmidt, M., & Lu, J. (2023) · Educational communications and technology: issues and innovations · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-41950-8_11
Descartes, C. H. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-55293-9_10
de Castro, L. S. R. (2024) · doi:10.11606/d.5.2024.tde-16052024-122208
郑, 秋. (2024) · Advances in Psychology · doi:10.12677/ap.2024.145361
Fialho, P. M. M., Wenig, V., Heumann, E., Müller, M., Stock, C., & Pischke, C. R. (2024) · doi:10.2196/preprints.70035
Creating Supportive Environment for Students in Universities
Vetrivel, S. C., Vidhyapriya, P., & Arun, V. P. (2025) · Advances in psychology, mental health, and behavioral studies (APMHBS) book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-8709-2.ch002
Reangsing, C., Trakooltorwong, P., Maneekunwong, K., Thepsaw, J., & Oerther, S. E. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.23803102
Using SDT to Enhance Mindfulness Practice for Students Coping in Higher Education
Naidu, S., & Roman, N. V. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-95-3133-2_6
Zhan, X., Zeng, J., Zhu, D., Chen, Y., Zhang, J., Li, S., & Huang, L. (2026) · Journal of Visualized Experiments · doi:10.3791/69949
Yan, Z., Jiang, J., Zhong, W., Zhong, Q., Guo, Y., & Yin, Z. (2026) · doi:10.2196/preprints.90929
Ip, V., Jegatheeswaran, S., Cheema, A. A., FitzGerald, M., Wakif, Z., Thind, J. K., Kyte, S., Yung, S., Raiker, R., Ansar, M. A., et al. (2026) · Cognitive Behaviour Therapy · doi:10.1080/16506073.2026.2623505
Zeng, R., Zeng, Y., Li, M., Huangfu, Z., Zhang, X., Wang, S., & Liao, H. (2026) · Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing · doi:10.1111/wvn.70111
da Silva, B. I., Atanes, A. C., Bedendo, A., Santos, J. S., Faria, M. N., Saletti, L. C., & Noto, A. R. (2026) · Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1007/s10942-026-00643-3
Roy, S., Kanekar, A. S., Biswas, A. K., & Sharma, M. (2026) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare14131875
Penachiotti, F. D. F., Yamaguchi, M., Branco, B. H. M., Alves, G., Rodrigues, F., Mariano, F., Mana, A., Sagy, S., & Milani, R. G. (2026) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph23070853
Lv, S., Russell, B. S., Francis-Edoziuno, C. C., & Mas, M. (2026) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-026-02935-2
Mindfulness-based interventions for student coping in higher education: a systematic review
Naidu, S., & Roman, N. V. (2026) · Advances in Mental Health · doi:10.1080/18387357.2026.2692478
Solmaz, E., & Çelik, A. (2026) · Journal of Nursing Scholarship · doi:10.1111/jnu.70116
Bhakta, S. G., Ritvo, P., Zhang, M., Hitchcock, E., Zhang, I., Dang, K., & Daskalakis, Z. (2026) · doi:10.2196/preprints.110335
Parra, D. C., Regassa, A., Ataro, B., & Zhang, D. (2026) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-026-02984-7
Arif, K., McGloin, H., McGuigan, K., Condell, J. V., Dhunnoo, P., & McCann, M. (2026) · doi:10.2196/preprints.112304
Walsund, K., Masterson, D., Carlén, K., Nikšić, I., Emmesjö, L., Mårtensson, S. K., Bank, S. E. S., Lundin, A., Kalckert, A., Maivorsdotter, N., et al. (2026) · doi:10.2196/preprints.113343
- Authors
- Ahmad, F., El Morr, C., Ritvo, P., Othman, N., Moineddin, R., & MVC Team
- Affiliations
- York University (CA)
- University of Toronto (CA)
- Venue
- JMIR Mental Health
- Publisher
- JMIR Publications Inc.
- Published
- 2020-02-18
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- e15520
- ISSN
- 2368-7959 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7055779
- OpenAlex
- W2994686559
- Cited by
- 100
- References
- 69
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 9.93
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- JMIR Mental Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Student Stress and Coping
- Keywords
- mindfulness, university students, student mental health, depression, anxiety, perceived stress, online intervention, online communities, cognitive behavioral therapy, quality of life, life satisfaction, mindfulness training, waitlist control, digital mental health interventions, social support
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
