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Cited by 278Autism Spectrum Disorder ResearchGenetics and Neurodevelopmental DisordersFetal and Pediatric Neurological Disorders

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 8 of the 8 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Abnormality of cerebellar vermian lobules VI and VII in patients with infantile autism: identification of hypoplastic and hyperplastic subgroups with MR imaging.

Courchesne, E, Saitoh, O, Yeung-Courchesne, R, Press, G A, Lincoln, A J, Haas, R H, Schreibman, L·1994·American Journal of Roentgenology
DOI 10.2214/ajr.162.1.8273650
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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Infantile autism is a neurobehavioral disorder that is widely believed to have etiologically distinct subtypes, including subtypes with a genetic basis, but no neuroanatomic evidence firmly supports this belief. To date, only one type of cerebellar abnormality has been identified in patients with autism: hypoplasia of the vermis and hemispheres. By using a large sample of autistic patients and healthy volunteers along with precise MR imaging and quantitative procedures, we sought to replicate previous reports of cerebellar vermian hypoplasia in autism and to identify additional subtypes of cerebellar abnormality. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using MR technology, we imaged and measured posterior and anterior vermian regions in 50 autistic patients (2-40 years old) and 53 healthy control subjects (3-37 years old). The autistic patients had social, language, cognitive, behavioral, and medical history characteristics that were typical of the general autistic population. By using precise procedures for positioning and aligning MR slices, we obtained comparable MR images within and across subject groups. RESULTS: Statistical analyses showed two subgroups of autistic patients, one (86% of the patients) with findings consistent with vermian hypoplasia and another (12% of the patients) with evidence of vermian hyperplasia. The hypoplasia subgroup included 43 patients whose mean midsagittal area for vermian lobules VI and VII was 237 +/- 38 mm2, and the hyperplasia subgroup included six patients whose mean area was 377 +/- 12 mm2. Thus, the area of lobules VI and VII in the hypoplasia subgroup was 16% smaller than the mean area in the control subjects (282 +/- 42 mm2) (p < .0001), whereas that in the hyperplasia subgroup was 34% larger (p < .0001). Analyses showed that these two subtypes of vermian abnormalities were present across all ages of autistic patients studied. CONCLUSION: Two different subtypes of autistic patients can be identified on the basis of the presence of vermian hypoplasia or hyperplasia as seen on MR images. Possible origins for vermian hypoplasia include environmental trauma and genetic factors.

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Metadata

Authors
Courchesne, E., Saitoh, O., Yeung-Courchesne, R., Press, G. A., Lincoln, A. J., Haas, R. H., & Schreibman, L.
Affiliations
University of California San Diego (US)
ORCID
Venue
American Journal of Roentgenology
Publisher
American Roentgen Ray Society
Published
1994-01
Volume
162
Issue
1
Pages
123-130
ISSN
  • 0002-9580 (ISSN-L)
  • 0361-803X
  • 1546-3141
DOI
10.2214/ajr.162.1.8273650
OpenAlex
W2130928858
Cited by
278
References
8
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 14
FWCI
4.51
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • American Journal of Roentgenology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institute of Mental Health (1-R01-MH-36840, R01MH036840)
  • National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (5-R01-NS 19855, R01NS019855)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Fetal and Pediatric Neurological Disorders
Keywords
infantile autism, cerebellar vermis, cerebellar vermis hypoplasia, autism subtypes, cerebellar morphology
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Autistic Disorder, Cerebellum, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male

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