Regional gray matter volumetric changes in autism associated with social and repetitive behavior symptoms
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BACKGROUND: Although differences in brain anatomy in autism have been difficult to replicate using manual tracing methods, automated whole brain analyses have begun to find consistent differences in regions of the brain associated with the social cognitive processes that are often impaired in autism. We attempted to replicate these whole brain studies and to correlate regional volume changes with several autism symptom measures. METHODS: We performed MRI scans on 24 individuals diagnosed with DSM-IV autistic disorder and compared those to scans from 23 healthy comparison subjects matched on age. All participants were male. Whole brain, voxel-wise analyses of regional gray matter volume were conducted using voxel-based morphometry (VBM). RESULTS: Controlling for age and total gray matter volume, the volumes of the medial frontal gyri, left pre-central gyrus, right post-central gyrus, right fusiform gyrus, caudate nuclei and the left hippocampus were larger in the autism group relative to controls. Regions exhibiting smaller volumes in the autism group were observed exclusively in the cerebellum. Significant partial correlations were found between the volumes of the caudate nuclei, multiple frontal and temporal regions, the cerebellum and a measure of repetitive behaviors, controlling for total gray matter volume. Social and communication deficits in autism were also associated with caudate, cerebellar, and precuneus volumes, as well as with frontal and temporal lobe regional volumes. CONCLUSION: Gray matter enlargement was observed in areas that have been functionally identified as important in social-cognitive processes, such as the medial frontal gyri, sensorimotor cortex and middle temporal gyrus. Additionally, we have shown that VBM is sensitive to associations between social and repetitive behaviors and regional brain volumes in autism.
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Motor planning and performance deficits have been demonstrated in association with cerebellar abnormality in some children with autism, and restricted/repetitive behaviors in others, so some current behavioral targets may actually be proxies for the cerebellum.
“In as much as motor planning and performance deficits have been demonstrated in association with cerebellar abnormality in some children with autism [e.g., 199], and restricted and repetitive behaviors in others [e.g., 257], some current behavioral targets may actually be proxies for the cerebellum.”
From Consensus Paper: Pathological Role of the Cerebellum in Autism (2012) · cites this paper as [257]
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- Authors
- Rojas, D. C., Peterson, E., Winterrowd, E., Reite, M. L., Rogers, S. J., & Tregellas, J. R.
- Affiliations
- University of Colorado Health (US)
- Colorado State University (US)
- University of California, Davis (US)
- Corresponding author
- Rojas, Donald C
- Venue
- BMC Psychiatry
- Published
- 2006-12
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 56-56
- ISSN
- 1471-244X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC1770914
- OpenAlex
- W2120349574
- Cited by
- 360
- References
- 99
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 32 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 32
- FWCI
- 4.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- BMC Psychiatry (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (P01HD035468, P01 HD35468)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, gray matter volume, social behavior, repetitive behavior, caudate nucleus, cerebellum, hippocampus, social cognition, voxel-based morphometry
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Autistic Disorder, Brain, Child, Cognition Disorders, Communication Disorders, Humans, Intelligence, Male, Middle Aged, Organ Size, Social Behavior, Stereotyped Behavior, Case-Control Studies
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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