Evaluating patient and stakeholder engagement in research: moving from theory to practice
Open accessAbstract
Despite the growing demand for research that engages stakeholders, there is limited evidence in the literature to demonstrate its value – or return on investment. This gap indicates a general lack of evaluation of engagement activities. To adequately inform engagement activities, we need to further investigate the dividends of engaged research, and how to evaluate these effects. This paper synthesizes the literature on hypothesized impacts of engagement, shares what has been evaluated and identifies steps needed to reduce the gap between engagement's promises and the underlying evidence supporting its practice. This assessment provides explicit guidance for better alignment of engagement's promised benefits with evaluation efforts and identifies specific areas for development of evaluative measures and better reporting processes.
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Systematic and deliberate theory-building in youth engagement in health research has been limited.
“Despite the rise in popularity and continued growth of youth engagement in health research, systematic and deliberate theory‐building has been limited.”
From A systematic review of theories, models and frameworks used for youth engagement in health research (2024) · cites this paper as [61]
Previous studies indicated that engaging the target group increases study enrollment and may enhance the uptake and the acceptance of interventions.
“Previous studies indicated that engaging the target group increases study enrollment and may enhance the uptake and the acceptance of interventions [67, 68].”
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The Dimensions of Tokenism in Patient and Family Engagement: A Concept Analysis of the Literature
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Recruitment of caregivers into health services research: lessons from a user-centred design study
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Patient and Researcher Engagement in Health Research: A Parent’s Perspective
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Constantin, N., Edward, H., Ng, H., Radisic, A., Yule, A., D’Asti, A., D’Amore, C., Reid, J. C., & Beauchamp, M. (2022) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-022-03345-4 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
McKeen, D. M., Banfield, J. C., McIsaac, D. I., McVicar, J. A., McGavin, C., Earle, M. A., Ward, C., Burns, K. K., Penner, D., Blaise, G. A., et al. (2020) · Canadian Journal of Anesthesia/Journal canadien d anesthésie · doi:10.1007/s12630-020-01607-6 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Allan, S., Bradstreet, S., Mcleod, H., Farhall, J., Lambrou, M., Gleeson, J., Clark, A., EMPOWER Group, & Gumley, A. (2019) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/14366 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Strategies to facilitate shared decision‐making in long‐term care
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Schilling, I., Behrens, H., Hugenschmidt, C., Liedtke, J., Schmiemann, G., & Gerhardus, A. (2019) · Research Involvement and Engagement · doi:10.1186/s40900-019-0145-3 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Conceptualising the initiation of researcher and research user partnerships: a meta-narrative review
Zych, M. M., Berta, W. B., & Gagliardi, A. R. (2020) · Health Research Policy and Systems · doi:10.1186/s12961-020-0536-9 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Evaluation of patient engagement in medicine development: A multi‐stakeholder framework with metrics
Vat, L. E., Finlay, T. M. D., Robinson, P., Barbareschi, G., Boudes, M., Ponce, A. M., Dinboeck, M., Eichmann, L., Ferrer, E., Fruytier, S. E., et al. (2021) · Health Expectations · doi:10.1111/hex.13191 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
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A holistic pathway to biosensor translation
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Patient and public involvement in doctoral research: Impact, resources and recommendations
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Models and frameworks of patient engagement in health services research: a scoping review protocol
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Evaluating Patient, Family and Public Engagement in Health Services Improvement and System Redesign
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Hovén, E., Eriksson, L. E., D’Souza, Å. M., Sörensen, J., Hill, D. W., Viklund, C., Wettergren, L., & Lampic, C. (2020) · Research Involvement and Engagement · doi:10.1186/s40900-020-00207-4 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Leung, K., Lu-McLean, D., Kuziemsky, C. E., Booth, R. G., Rossetti, S. C., Borycki, E. M., & Strudwick, G. (2019) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/14683 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Pascoe, K. M., Petrescu-Prahova, M. G., Steinman, L. E., Bacci, J. L., Mahorter, S. S., Belza, B. L., & Weiner, B. J. (2021) · Implementation Research and Practice · doi:10.1177/26334895211034581 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
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Positive Impacts of Adolescent Involvement in Health Research: An Umbrella Review
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Framework for Advancing the Reporting of Patient Engagement in Rheumatology Research Projects
Hamilton, C. B., Leese, J., Hoens, A. M., & LI, L. C. (2017) · Current Rheumatology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11926-017-0666-4 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Gesell, S. B., Klein, K. P., Halladay, J. R., Bettger, J. P., Freburger, J. K., Cummings, D. M., Lutz, B. J., Coleman, S. W., Bushnell, C., Rosamond, W. D., et al. (2017) · Journal of Clinical and Translational Science · doi:10.1017/cts.2016.26 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Patient, caregiver and clinician views on engagement in comparative effectiveness research
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Patient‐Engaged Research: Choosing the “Right” Patients to Avoid Pitfalls
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Bishop, A. C., Elliott, M. J., & Cassidy, C. E. (2018) · Research Involvement and Engagement · doi:10.1186/s40900-018-0110-6 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Perspectives and Experiences with Engaging Youth and Families in Research
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Exploring patient and family involvement in the lifecycle of an orphan drug: a scoping review
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What do stakeholders expect from patient engagement: Are these expectations being met?
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Stakeholder engagement in research: a scoping review of current evaluation methods
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Patient and public involvement in research: Enabling meaningful contributions
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A Systematic Review of Measures of Child Neglect
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Deliberative Engagement Methods for Patient-Centered Outcomes Research
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Research priorities of women at risk for preterm birth: findings and a call to action
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A systematic review of theories, models and frameworks used for youth engagement in health research
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“Given the near ‐ unanimous recognition that the biggest gap in this area of research is the lack of evidence on impact gained through rigorous evaluation, 43,57,58,61,90 the small number of impact ‐ focused models and frameworks is noteworthy.”
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Systemic challenges in bipolar disorder management: A patient‐centered approach
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Moving family interventions into the real world: What matters to oncology stakeholders?
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A taxonomy of impacts on clinical and translational research from community stakeholder engagement
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Qualitative Exploration of Engaging Patients as Advisors in a Program of Evidence Synthesis
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Pearce, T., Maple, M. J., Wayland, S., McKay, K., Woodward, A., Brooks, A., & Shakeshaft, A. P. (2022) · Health Research Policy and Systems · doi:10.1186/s12961-022-00835-0 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Patient engagement in health implementation research: A logic model
Bisson, M., Aubrey‐Bassler, K., Chouinard, M., Doucet, S. A., Ramsden, V. R., Dumont‐Samson, O., Howse, D., Lambert, M., Schwarz, C. M., Luke, A., et al. (2023) · Health Expectations · doi:10.1111/hex.13782 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Participatory research with carers: A systematic review and narrative synthesis
Bowness, B., Henderson, C., Akhter‐Khan, S. C., Akiba, M., & Lawrence, V. C. (2023) · Health Expectations · doi:10.1111/hex.13940 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Schilling, I., & Gerhardus, A. (2024) · BMC Medical Research Methodology · doi:10.1186/s12874-024-02323-1 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Feeney, M. P., Evers, C., Agpalo, D., Cone, L., Fleisher, J. E., & Schroeder, K. (2020) · Health Expectations · doi:10.1111/hex.13064 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
- Authors
- Esmail, L., Moore, E., & Rein, A.
- Affiliations
- AcademyHealth (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Comparative Effectiveness Research
- Publisher
- Becaris Publishing Limited
- Published
- 2015-03
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 133-145
- ISSN
- 2042-6305 (ISSN-L)
- 2042-6313
- OpenAlex
- W2096611776
- Cited by
- 502
- References
- 68
- Citations by year
- 2026: 32 · 2025: 43 · 2024: 65 · 2023: 59 · 2022: 58 · 2021: 57 · 2020: 52 · 2019: 41 · 2018: 45 · 2017: 31 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 3
- FWCI
- 5.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-nd
- Locations
- Journal of Comparative Effectiveness Research (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Mental Health and Patient Involvement
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health Policy Implementation Science
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Community Health and Development
- Keywords
- patient engagement, stakeholder engagement, engagement outcomes, return on investment
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Patient Participation, Professional-Patient Relations, Comparative Effectiveness Research, Patient Outcome Assessment
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