Cited by 1,398Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanismsMemory and Neural MechanismsChild and Animal Learning Development

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 139 of the 139 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Experience and Brain Development

Greenough, William T., Black, James E., Wallace, Christopher S.·1987·Child Development

Abstract

This article considers how experience can influence the developing and mature brain and proposes a new categorization scheme based upon the type of information stored and the brain mechanisms that appear to be involved in storing it. In this scheme, experience-expectant information storage refers to incorporation of environmental information that is ubiquitous in the environment and common to all species members, such as the basic elements of pattern perception. Experience-expectant processes appear to have evolved as a neural preparation for incorporating specific information: in many sensory systems, synaptic connections between nerve cells are overproduced, and a subsequent selection process occurs in which aspects of sensory experience determine the pattern of connections that remains. Experience-dependent information storage refers to incorporation of environmental information that is idiosyncratic, or unique to the individual, such as learning about one's specific physical environment or vocabulary. The neural basis of experience-dependent processes appears to involve active formation of new synaptic connections in response to the events providing the information to be stored. Although these processes probably do not occur entirely independently of one another in development, the categories offer a new view more in accord with neural mechanisms than were terms like "critical" or "sensitive period."

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Crossref · 10.2307/1130197

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139 of 139 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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Metadata

Authors
Greenough, W. T., Black, J. E., & Wallace, C. S.
Affiliations
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
Venue
Child Development
Published
1987-06
Volume
58
Issue
3
Pages
539
ISSN
0009-3920 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W1968732298
Cited by
1,398
References
139
Citations by year
2026: 29 · 2025: 41 · 2024: 47 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 38 · 2021: 44 · 2020: 90 · 2019: 53 · 2018: 46 · 2017: 52 · 2016: 54 · 2015: 76 · 2014: 43 · 2013: 57 · 2012: 41
FWCI
4.86
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Child Development (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Child and Animal Learning Development
Keywords
experience-dependent learning, brain development, synaptic pruning, pattern perception, critical period, sensitive period, neural mechanisms of learning, information storage, individual differences in learning
MeSH terms
Brain, Cerebral Cortex, Child, Child Development, Child, Preschool, Concept Formation, Dominance, Cerebral, Humans, Infant, Synaptic Transmission, Mental Recall, Spinal Cord, Visual Pathways

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