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An Attribution Model of Public Discrimination Towards Persons with Mental Illness
Abstract
In this study, we build on previous work by developing and estimating a model of the relationships between causal attributions (e.g., controllability, responsibility), familiarity with mental illness, dangerousness, emotional responses (e.g., pity, anger, fear), and helping and rejecting responses. Using survey data containing responses to hypothetical vignettes, we examine these relationships in a sample of 518 community college students. Consistent with attribution theory, causal attributions affect beliefs about persons' responsibility for causing their condition, beliefs which in turn lead to affective reactions, resulting in rejecting responses such as avoidance, coercion, segregation, and withholding help. However, consistent with a danger appraisal hypothesis, the effects of perceptions of dangerousness on helping and rejecting responses are unmediated by responsibility beliefs. Much of the dangerousness effects operate by increasing fear, a particularly strong predictor of support for coercive treatment. The results from this study also suggest that familiarity with mental illness reduces discriminatory responses.
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“Community stigma was operationalized using a 12-item scale adapted from Corrigan et al.'s Attribution Questionnaire [29]”
From Co-creating systems change for mental health: a theory of change approach from the MeHPriC initiative in Lagos, Nigeria (2025) · cites this paper as [29]
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Self-citationMental health literacy measures evaluating knowledge, attitudes and help-seeking: a scoping review
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“Of all the stigma measures, the most widely used measures (by the number of studies where the measure was applied) include the Social Distance scale (SD) [49]; Opinions about Mental Health Illness (OMI) [59]; Community Attitudes towards Mental Illness (CAMI, a modified version of OMI) [134]; Devaluation-Discrimination…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSmoking and the emergence of a stigmatized social status
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Stigma and Treatment for Alcohol Disorders in the United States
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Corrigan, P. W., Watson, A. C., & Miller, F. E. (2006) · Journal of Family Psychology · doi:10.1037/0893-3200.20.2.239 · Cited by 415
“The first seven items were from the short form of the Attribution Questionnaire, which has been shown to be a reliable and valid measure of primary stigma (Corrigan et al., in press; Corrigan et al., 2003, 2002).”
BackgroundSelf-citationUnderstanding Stigma in Autism: A Narrative Review and Theoretical Model
Turnock, A., Langley, K., & Jones, C. R. G. (2022) · Autism in Adulthood · doi:10.1089/aut.2021.0005 · Cited by 490
“91 Related to this, the label of autism leads to more favorable first impressions of autistic people presented in video clips than when this label is not provided 80,92 There is growing evidence that diagnostic disclosure can lead to more positive attitudes, 55,93,94 more positive affective…”
The Public Stigma of Mental Illness and Drug Addiction
Corrigan, P. W., Kuwabara, S. A., & O'Shaughnessy, J. R. (2009) · Journal of Social Work · doi:10.1177/1468017308101818 · Cited by 385
“Two studies have substantiated the path models represented by attributions and dangerousness (Corrigan et al., 2002, 2003).”
ResultSelf-citationNewspaper Stories as Measures of Structural Stigma
Corrigan, P. W., Watson, A. C., Gracia, G., Slopen, N. B., Rasinski, K. A., & Hall, L. L. (2005) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.56.5.551 · Cited by 379
“The coding scheme that was used in our study was based on previous concept-based work that examined common stereotypes of people with mental illness (15,16).”
MethodSelf-citationInternalization of stigma for parents of children with autism spectrum disorder in Hong Kong
Mak, W. W. S., & Kwok, Y. T. Y. (2010) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.02.023 · Cited by 383
The Stigma of Psychiatric Disorders and the Gender, Ethnicity, and Education of the Perceiver
Corrigan, P. W., & Watson, A. C. (2007) · Community Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10597-007-9084-9 · Cited by 335
“The first seven items were from the short form of the Attribution Questionnaire which has been shown to be a reliable and valid measure of primary stigma (Corrigan, Thompson, et al., 2003; Corrigan et al., 2003; Corrigan et al., 2002).”
BackgroundSelf-citationHow Adolescents Perceive the Stigma of Mental Illness and Alcohol Abuse
Corrigan, P. W., Lurie, B. D., Goldman, H. H., Slopen, N. B., Medasani, K., & Phelan, S. M. (2005) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.56.5.544 · Cited by 324
“We validated this assumption with a large sample of adults (9) and hoped to repeat the study with adolescents.”
MethodInfluentialSelf-citationAllport's Intergroup Contact Hypothesis: Its History and Influence
Pettigrew, T. F., & Tropp, L. R. (2005) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470773963.ch16 · Cited by 300
Self-stigma among concealable minorities in Hong Kong: Conceptualization and unified measurement.
Mak, W. W. S., & Cheung, R. Y. M. (2010) · American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1939-0025.2010.01030.x · Cited by 288
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“Attributing the mental illness to an individual’s bad character or lack of self-control (moral attribution), for example, has been associated with higher mental illness stigma (e.g., Corrigan et al., 2003; Krendl & Freeman, 2019).”
BackgroundKassam, A., Papish, A., Modgill, G., & Patten, S. (2012) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-12-62 · Cited by 233
“This has been described in the literature where some refuse to be diminished by stigma and becoming more active participants of change in health care [7].”
BackgroundChanging Middle Schoolers' Attitudes About Mental Illness Through Education
Watson, A. C., Otey, E., Westbrook, A. L., Gardner, A. L., Lamb, T. A., Corrigan, P. W., & Fenton, W. S. (2004) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a007100 · Cited by 230
Self-citationThe Polarizing Effect of News Media Messages About the Social Determinants of Health
Gollust, S. E., Lantz, P. M., & Ubel, P. A. (2009) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2009.161414 · Cited by 226
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Quinn, D. M., Williams, M. K., Quintana, F., Gaskins, J. L., Overstreet, N. M., Pishori, A. Z., Earnshaw, V. A., Perez, G. K., & Chaudoir, S. R. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0096977 · Cited by 249
“Here again, a consistent stereotype of people with substance abuse and mental illness is their dangerousness and unpredictability [74,77].”
BackgroundPerceptions of and Responses to Stigma
LeBel, T. P. (2008) · Sociology Compass · doi:10.1111/j.1751-9020.2007.00081.x · Cited by 243
Active ingredients in anti-stigma programmes in mental health
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“Research into the origins of ‘stigma’ has produced different theoretical positions explaining the nature of stigma (Corrigan, 2003; Corrigan et al., 2003; Haghighat, 2001) and frameworks for tackling both psychiatric stigma and discrimination are emerging (Angermeyer & Schulze, 2001b; McKenzie…”
BackgroundFrom Sin to Science: Fighting the Stigmatization of Mental Illnesses
Arboleda‐Flórez, J., & Stuart, H. L. (2012) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/070674371205700803 · Cited by 215
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“96 (Corrigan et al., 2003).”
BackgroundComparative stigma of HIV/AIDS, SARS, and Tuberculosis in Hong Kong
Mak, W. W. S., Mo, P. K. H., Cheung, R. Y. M., Woo, J., Cheung, F. M., & Lee, D. (2006) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2006.04.016 · Cited by 211
“Hence, the public is more likely to blame the individuals and reject them from society Corrigan, Markowitz, Watson, Rowan, & Kubiak, 2003) .”
Modgill, G., Patten, S. B., Knaak, S. J., Kassam, A., & Szeto, A. C. H. (2014) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-14-120 · Cited by 217
“Similarly, the research literature has identified various aspects related to and sub-components of the stigma construct, including perceived stigma [2-5], self-stigma [6], social distance [3,7], danger/violence [8], helping [8], negativism, as opposed to a belief in recovery [9], and emotional reactions [10] including…”
BackgroundStigmatization of People with Pedophilia: Two Comparative Surveys
Jahnke, S., Imhoff, R., & Hoyer, J. (2014) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-014-0312-4 · Cited by 206
Lessons learned from unintended consequences about erasing the stigma of mental illness
Corrigan, P. W. (2016) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.20295 · Cited by 214
Self-citationAt Issue: Stop the Stigma: Call Mental Illness a Brain Disease
Corrigan, P. W., & Watson, A. C. (2004) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.schbul.a007095 · Cited by 203
Self-citationMak, W. W. S., Cheung, R. Y. M., Law, R. W., Woo, J., Li, P. C., & Chung, R. (2007) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2006.12.003 · Cited by 202
Students' benefits and barriers to mental health help-seeking
Vidourek, R. A., King, K. A., Nabors, L., & Merianos, A. L. (2014) · Health Psychology and Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1080/21642850.2014.963586 · Cited by 216
Ma, K. K. Y., Anderson, J., & Burn, A. (2022) · Child and Adolescent Mental Health · doi:10.1111/camh.12543 · Cited by 267
Bielenberg, J., Swisher, G., Lembke, A., & Haug, N. A. (2021) · Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment · doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2021.108486 · Cited by 198
van Boekel, L. C., Brouwers, E. P. M., van Weeghel, J., & Garretsen, H. F. L. (2013) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.09.012 · Cited by 209
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Mental Illness Stigma
Rao, D., Feinglass, J. M., & Corrigan, P. W. (2007) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/nmd.0b013e31815c046e · Cited by 197
“The questionnaire has demonstrated good psychometric properties, and it has been used in several published studies of stigma change (Corrigan et al., 2002, 2003; Reinke et al., 2004).”
MethodSelf-citationSikorski, C., Luppa, M., Kaiser, M., Glaesmer, H., Schomerus, G., König, H., & Riedel-Heller, S. G. (2011) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-11-661 · Cited by 196
“Behavioral consequences in the form of discrimination result [12].”
BackgroundThe Experience of Stigma among Black Mental Health Consumers
Alvidrez, J., Snowden, L. R., & Kaiser, D. (2008) · Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved · doi:10.1353/hpu.0.0058 · Cited by 219
Kassam, A., Glozier, N., Leese, M., Henderson, C., & Thornicroft, G. (2010) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2010.01562.x · Cited by 194
“The development and psychometric testing of the many versions of the Attribution Questionnaire (AQ) (22) is not clear in the literature (23).”
MethodOutcomes of Police Contacts with Persons with Mental Illness: The impact of CIT
Watson, A. C., Ottati, V., Morabito, M. S., Draine, J., Kerr, A. N., & Angell, B. (2009) · Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research · doi:10.1007/s10488-009-0236-9 · Cited by 189
“stigmatizing views of mental illness have been linked to greater willingness to provide assistance (Corrigan et al. 2003).”
BackgroundSelf-citationGabbidon, J., Clement, S., van Nieuwenhuizen, A., Kassam, A., Brohan, E., Norman, I., & Thornicroft, G. (2013) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2012.09.028 · Cited by 188
“, 2011) and knowing someone or having a personal experience of mental illness (Corrigan et al., 2003).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialTarget-Specific Stigma Change: A Strategy for Impacting Mental Illness Stigma.
Corrigan, P. W. (2004) · Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal · doi:10.2975/28.2004.113.121 · Cited by 187
Self-citationMental Illness Stigma and Disclosure: Consequences of Coming out of the Closet
Bos, A. E. R., Kanner, D., Muris, P., Janssen, B., & Mayer, B. (2009) · Issues in Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1080/01612840802601382 · Cited by 183
“Furthermore, perveived dangerousness is related to fear and stigmatization (Corrigan et al., 2003; Feldman & Crandall, 2007).”
BackgroundPescosolido, B. A., Manago, B. N., & Monahan, J. T. (2019) · Health Affairs · doi:10.1377/hlthaff.2019.00702 · Cited by 182
Mental illness, crime, and violence: Risk, context, and social control
Markowitz, F. E. (2010) · Aggression and Violent Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.avb.2010.10.003 · Cited by 192
Self-citationPolice Officers' Attitudes Toward and Decisions About Persons With Mental Illness
Watson, A. C., Corrigan, P. W., & Ottati, V. (2003) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.55.1.49 · Cited by 175
Self-citationWill Filmed Presentations of Education and Contact Diminish Mental Illness Stigma?
Corrigan, P. W., Larson, J. E., Sells, M., Niessen, N., & Watson, A. C. (2006) · Community Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10597-006-9061-8 · Cited by 172
“Findings from confirmatory factor analyses, supported the content validity of the AQ; research has also shown the AQ to be reliable and sensitive to the kind of change that results from anti-stigma programs (Corrigan et al., 2002, 2003).”
MethodSelf-citationStigmatizing Attitudes About Mental Illness and Allocation of Resources to Mental Health Services
Corrigan, P. W., Watson, A. C., Warpinski, A. C., & Gracia, G. (2004) · Community Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1023/b:comh.0000035226.19939.76 · Cited by 171
Self-citationStructural Stigma in State Legislation
Corrigan, P. W., Watson, A. C., Heyrman, M. L., Warpinski, A. C., Gracia, G., Slopen, N. B., & Hall, L. L. (2005) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.56.5.557 · Cited by 169
Self-citationObeid, R., Daou, N., DeNigris, D., Shane‐Simpson, C., Brooks, P. J., & Gillespie‐Lynch, K. (2015) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-015-2499-1 · Cited by 188
“Stereotypes towards those who possess these attributes often result in negative outcomes including, but not limited to, poor self-esteem and difficulties with employment (Corrigan et al. 2003; Link et al. 2001).”
BackgroundMental health and stigma in the medical profession
Wallace, J. E. (2010) · Health An Interdisciplinary Journal for the Social Study of Health Illness and Medicine · doi:10.1177/1363459310371080 · Cited by 166
“Moreover, it appears that anti-stigma programs not only facilitate familiarity with mental illness but that they also raise awareness regarding the biological bases of certain mental health problems such that individuals are not believed responsible for their condition which contributes to prejudicial attitudes and st…”
BackgroundInfluentialDurand‐Zaleski, I., Scott, J. L., Rouillon, F., & Leboyer, M. (2012) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-12-128 · Cited by 183
“This conceptual approach overlaps with social cognition theories of stigma, such as Weiner’s Attribution Model [15,16]: a model describing how cultural stereotypes, attributions about controllability of and responsibility for illness onset, and mediating emotional responses (such as anger or pity), predict the likelih…”
BackgroundPapish, A. L., Kassam, A., Modgill, G., Vaz, G., Zanussi, L., & Patten, S. B. (2013) · BMC Medical Education · doi:10.1186/1472-6920-13-141 · Cited by 158
“mental illness [28,38], ‘dangerousness’, which refers to one’s belief that the individual is dangerous [36], recovery, which refers to one’s belief that people with mental illness can recover [39].”
BackgroundJung, H., von Sternberg, K. L., & Davis, K. E. (2017) · International Journal of Mental Health Promotion · doi:10.1080/14623730.2017.1345687 · Cited by 164
Changing mental illness stigma as it exists in the real world
Corrigan, P. W., & O'Shaughnessy, J. R. (2007) · Australian Psychologist · doi:10.1080/00050060701280573 · Cited by 152
Self-citationBiogenetic models of psychopathology, implicit guilt, and mental illness stigma
Rüsch, N., Todd, A. R., Bodenhausen, G. V., & Corrigan, P. W. (2010) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2009.09.010 · Cited by 149
“…of the general public t or χ² a Comparisons are χ² tests for proportions, or t-tests for means across each row (two-sided). b Attribution Questionnaire (Corrigan et al., 2003 ), higher scores indicating more fear or perceived responsibility. c Social Distance Scale (Link et al., 1999 ). d Brief…”
InfluentialSelf-citationCorrigan, P., Schomerus, G., Shuman, V., Kraus, D. J., Perlick, D., Harnish, A., Kulesza, M., Kane-Willis, K., Qin, S., & Smelson, D. (2017) · American Journal on Addictions · doi:10.1111/ajad.12436 · Cited by 119
“…yielded two factors that describe the disclosure process among people with mental illness: bene fi ts of being out versus reasons for staying in. 69,70 Being out with one ’ s mental illness proved to be a protective factor against self-stigma ’ s effects on quality of life and to augment a sense…”
Self-citationMansfield, R., Patalay, P., & Humphrey, N. (2020) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-020-08734-1 · Cited by 149
“The Attribution Questionnaire (AQ-27) was originally developed by Corrigan and colleagues [66, 67] along with a brief 9-item scale (r-AQ) covering the following emotional reactions: blame, anger, pity, help, dangerousness, fear, avoidance, segregation and coercion.”
MethodMcGinty, E. E., Pescosolido, B. A., Kennedy‐Hendricks, A., & Barry, C. L. (2017) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.201700076 · Cited by 166
Tsang, H. W. H., Angell, B., Corrigan, P. W., Lee, Y.-T., Shi, K., Lam, C. S., Jin, S., & Fung, K. M. T. (2007) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-007-0208-x · Cited by 146
“This issue could be better understood by focusing attention at the level of social cognition [18] as well as attributional models such as Bernard Weiner’s attribution theory [67–71].”
BackgroundSelf-citationMental Health Stigma in the Military
Acosta, J., Becker, A., Cerully, J., Fisher, M., Martin, L. T., Vardavas, R., Slaughter, M. E., & Schell, T. L. (2014) · RAND Corporation eBooks · doi:10.7249/rr426 · Cited by 149
Day, E. N., Edgren, K., & Eshleman, A. K. (2007) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.2007.00255.x · Cited by 146
The Impact of Labels and Behaviors on the Stigmatization of Adults with Asperger’s Disorder
Butler, R. C., & Gillis, J. L. (2010) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-010-1093-9 · Cited by 144
Labeling of mental disorders and stigma in young people
Wright, A., Jorm, A. F., & Mackinnon, A. J. (2011) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.06.015 · Cited by 140
The effects of news stories on the stigma of mental illness
Corrigan, P. W., Powell, K. J., & Michaels, P. J. (2013) · Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/nmd.0b013e3182848c24 · Cited by 140
“In the original AQ (Corrigan et al., 2003; Reinke et al., 2004), the research participants answered 27 items (e.g., ‘‘I think that it was Harry’s own fault that he is in the present condition?’’) on a 9-point agreement scale (9, very much).”
MethodCaring for children with disabilities in Kilifi, Kenya: what is the carer's experience?
Gona, J. K., Mung’ala‐Odera, V., Newton, C. R. J. C., & Hartley, S. D. (2010) · Child Care Health and Development · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2214.2010.01124.x · Cited by 139
“In the West, carers of children with disabilities have repeatedly highlighted their feelings of discrimination, stigma and exclu- sion (Corrigan et al. 2003; Rosenzweig & Huffstutter 2004; Huffstutter et al. 2007).”
BackgroundFamily Stigma: A Concept Analysis
Park, S., & Park, K. S. (2014) · Asian Nursing Research · doi:10.1016/j.anr.2014.02.006 · Cited by 138
“Corrigan et al. (2006) used the first seven items from the short form of the Attribution Questionnaire, measuring primary stigma related to mental illness (Corrigan et al.”
MethodCorrigan, P. W., Schomerus, G., Shuman, V., Kraus, D. J., Perlick, D., Harnish, A., Kulesza, M., Kane-Willis, K., Qin, S., & Smelson, D. A. (2016) · American Journal on Addictions · doi:10.1111/ajad.12458 · Cited by 153
“16,17 What, then, might be the hierarchical constructs that describe the stigmatizing stereotypes of addictions?”
Self-citationLewer, D., O'Reilly, C., Mojtabai, R., & Evans-Lacko, S. (2015) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.114.156786 · Cited by 150
Mond, J., Robertson-Smith, G., & Vetere, A. (2006) · Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.1080/09638230600902559 · Cited by 134
“In view of the lack of any existing measures of attitudes towards AN, questions were derived from a range of sources, but in particular the work of Jorm et al. (1999), Crisp et al. (2000), Corrigan et al. (2003) and Mond et al. (2004a).”
BackgroundValidation of a short instrument to measure stigmatised attitudes towards mental illness
Luty, J., Fekadu, D., Umoh, O., & Gallagher, J. (2006) · Psychiatric Bulletin · doi:10.1192/pb.30.7.257 · Cited by 134
Stereotypes of mental disorders differ in competence and warmth
Sadler, M. S., Meagor, E. L., & Kaye, K. E. (2012) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.12.019 · Cited by 133
“Although danger is often assumed to be stereotypic of people with mental illness (Corrigan et al., 2003; Link, 1987; Martin et al., 2000; Phelan et al., 2000), it is also possible that such perceived threat may be restricted to people with psychoses.”
BackgroundInfluentialCompton, M. T., Bakeman, R. A., Broussard, B., Hankerson‐Dyson, D., Husbands, L., Krishan, S., Stewart-Hutto, T., D’Orio, B., Oliva, J. R., Thompson, N. J., et al. (2014) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.201300107 · Cited by 131
“Specifically, for the psychosis and suicidality vignettes, mean deescalation skills scores increased monotonically for the first through fifth quintiles of time since training, from 3.12 to 3.35 for Table 1 Measures of six key constructs among officers with or without crisis intervention team (CIT) training Variablea…”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationStigma Sentiments and Self-Meanings: Exploring the Modified Labeling Theory of Mental Illness
Kroska, A., & Harkness, S. K. (2006) · Social Psychology Quarterly · doi:10.1177/019027250606900403 · Cited by 129
“Past studies show that individuals who are familiar with a person with a mental illness are less likely than others to hold negative attitudes about people who are mentally ill (e.g., Corrigan et al. 2003; Phelan and Link 2004; for a review, see Couture and Penn 2003).”
BackgroundKanter, J. W., Rusch, L. C., & Brondino, M. J. (2008) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/nmd.0b013e318183f8af · Cited by 129
“Small but significant correlations with the Attribution Questionnaire-27 (Corrigan et al., 2003) and the Social Distance Scale (Link, 1987), both revised in previous research for depression (Rusch et al., in press a; Rusch et al., in press b), suggest that the DSSS measures a useful, distinct construct, and may be mor…”
MethodInfluentialThe Stigmatization of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury
Burke, T. A., Piccirillo, M., Moore-Berg, S., Alloy, L., & Heimberg, R. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.22713 · Cited by 97
“The BIQs used a format developed by Triandis (1977) and included items similar to those used in social distancing scales (P. Corrigan, Markowitz, Watson, Rowan, & Kubiak, 2003; Link et al., 1987; Triandis, 1977).”
Stakeholder perspectives on the stigma of suicide attempt survivors
Sheehan, L. L., Corrigan, P. W., Al-Khouja, M. A., & the Stigma of Suicide Research Team (2017) · Crisis · doi:10.1027/0227-5910/a000413 · Cited by 121
Self-citationThe public stigma of mental illness means a difference between you and me
Corrigan, P. W., Bink, A. B., Fokuo, J. K., & Schmidt, A. (2015) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2014.12.047 · Cited by 114
“The model rests on two empirically supported paths (Corrigan et al., 2003; Pingani et al., 2012; Roe et al., 2012): (1) beliefs that people are responsible for their mental illness lead to anger and an unwillingness to help.”
BackgroundSelf-citationMental illness stigma: Types, constructs, and vehicles for change.
Corrigan, P. W., & Kosyluk, K. A. (2013) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/14297-003 · Cited by 115
Self-citationStigma by association and Alzheimer's disease
Werner, P., & Heinik, J. (2008) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607860701616325 · Cited by 114
“It also contributes to the isolation of the mentally ill, eroding their selfesteem and social adjustment (Corrigan et al., 2003).”
BackgroundMuñoz, M., Sanz, M., Santos, E. P., & Quiroga, M. (2010) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2010.06.019 · Cited by 115
“The study included a version of the Attribution Questionnaire (AQ-27; Corrigan et al., 2003).”
BackgroundIncreasing Mental Health Literacy via Narrative Advertising
Chang, C. (2008) · Journal of Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10810730701807027 · Cited by 113
“Moreover, sentiments of pity and compassion are associated positively with helping behavior expressed toward those suffering from depression (Corrigan et al., 2003).”
BackgroundHegarty, P. V., & Golden, A. M. (2008) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.2008.00337.x · Cited by 112
Law, G. U., Rostill-Brookes, H., & Goodman, D. (2008) · International Journal of Nursing Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2008.08.014 · Cited by 111
“…student and adult samples, which have reported consistent evidence for the attribution and danger appraisal processes (Angermeyer and Matschinger, 1996; Corrigan et al., 2001, 2003; Levey and Howells, 1995), as well as the influence of familiarity on public stigma towards adult mental health.”
BackgroundPerceived stigma and self-stigma of problem gambling: perspectives of people with gambling problems
Hing, N., Nuske, E., Gainsbury, S., & Russell, A. M. T. (2015) · International Gambling Studies · doi:10.1080/14459795.2015.1092566 · Cited by 110
“These findings are consistent with stigma theories (Corrigan et al., 2003; Jones et al., 1984; Weiner, 1986) and with the limited previous research into problem gambling stigma (Carroll et al., 2013; Dhillon et al., 2011; Feldman & Crandall, 2007; Horch & Hodgins, 2008).”
BackgroundResultPerry, B. L. (2011) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.1177/0022146511408913 · Cited by 120
“Such cultural belief systems can shape individuals’ illness career trajectories, as well as the institutional and interpersonal treatment of people with mental illness (Corrigan et al. 2003; Link et al. 1999).”
BackgroundPublic Stigma of Disordered Gambling: Social Distance, Dangerousness, and Familiarity
Horch, J. D., & Hodgins, D. C. (2008) · Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1521/jscp.2008.27.5.505 · Cited by 105
“naire have been validated in two confirmatory factor analyses (Corrigan et al., 2003).”
BackgroundMethodRitter, C., Teller, J. L. S., Munetz, M. R., & Bonfine, N. (2010) · Journal of Police Crisis Negotiations · doi:10.1080/15332581003756992 · Cited by 103
Ingroup perception and responses to stigma among persons with mental illness
Rüsch, N., Corrigan, P. W., Wassel, A. K., Michaels, P., Olschewski, M., WILKNISS, S. M., & Batia, K. (2009) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2009.01403.x · Cited by 101
“As a positive intention, we assessed the readiness to help other consumers using the three-item Help Scale of Corrigan s Attribution Questionnaire (31) (M = 21.”
MethodInfluentialSelf-citationBoysen, G. A., & Vogel, D. L. (2008) · Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1521/jscp.2008.27.5.447 · Cited by 100
“Overall, our results are consistent with previous researchers’ (Corrigan et al., 2003) suggestion that perceptions of the dangerousness affect stigmatizing attitudes independently from attribution of responsibility.”
ResultNarrative Processing of Entertainment Media and Mental Illness Stigma
Caputo, N., & Rouner, D. (2011) · Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10410236.2011.560787 · Cited by 99
“Familiarity has been defined as experience with and knowledge of mental illness (Corrigan et al., 2003; Holmes, Corrigan, Williams, Canar, & Kubiak, 1999).”
BackgroundMeyerson, B. E., Russell, D. M., Kichler, M., Atkin, T., Fox, G., & Coles, H. B. (2021) · International Journal of Drug Policy · doi:10.1016/j.drugpo.2021.103112 · Cited by 99
Stigma and intellectual disability: A review of related measures and future directions
Werner, S., Corrigan, P. W., Ditchman, N., & Sokol, K. A. (2011) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2011.10.009 · Cited by 122
“Stigma has been cited as one of the potential barriers to the delivery of adequate services to this population (Gill, Kroese, & Rose, 2002), resulting in poorer treatment, rejection, and devalued roles within society (Corrigan et al., 2003).”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Corrigan, P., Markowitz, F. E., Watson, A., Rowan, D., & Kubiak, M. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Chicago (US)
- Northern Illinois University (US)
- Prairie State College (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Health and Social Behavior
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2003-06
- Volume
- 44
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 162
- ISSN
- 0022-1465 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2104804522
- Cited by
- 1,407
- References
- 81
- Citations by year
- 2026: 73 · 2025: 98 · 2024: 83 · 2023: 88 · 2022: 95 · 2021: 123 · 2020: 99 · 2019: 85 · 2018: 57 · 2017: 71 · 2016: 76 · 2015: 63 · 2014: 56 · 2013: 50 · 2012: 52
- FWCI
- 19.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Health and Social Behavior (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r24mh062198-06)
- National Institute of Mental Health (5 R24 MH62198)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychology and Mental Health
- Keywords
- mental illness, causal attribution, attribution theory, perceived dangerousness, responsibility beliefs, fear, pity, anger, rejection response, involuntary treatment, segregation, community college students, stigma
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Attitude to Health, Mental Disorders, Female, Humans, Male, Models, Psychological, Prejudice, Social Environment, Stereotyping, Students, Universities, Midwestern United States, Behavioral Research
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