Cited by 1,407Mental Health Treatment and AccessSocial and Intergroup PsychologyPsychology and Mental Health

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 81 of the 81 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

An Attribution Model of Public Discrimination Towards Persons with Mental Illness

Corrigan, Patrick, Markowitz, Fred E., Watson, Amy, Rowan, David, Kubiak, Mary Ann·2003·Journal of Health and Social Behavior

DOI 10.2307/1519806

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

In this study, we build on previous work by developing and estimating a model of the relationships between causal attributions (e.g., controllability, responsibility), familiarity with mental illness, dangerousness, emotional responses (e.g., pity, anger, fear), and helping and rejecting responses. Using survey data containing responses to hypothetical vignettes, we examine these relationships in a sample of 518 community college students. Consistent with attribution theory, causal attributions affect beliefs about persons' responsibility for causing their condition, beliefs which in turn lead to affective reactions, resulting in rejecting responses such as avoidance, coercion, segregation, and withholding help. However, consistent with a danger appraisal hypothesis, the effects of perceptions of dangerousness on helping and rejecting responses are unmediated by responsibility beliefs. Much of the dangerousness effects operate by increasing fear, a particularly strong predictor of support for coercive treatment. The results from this study also suggest that familiarity with mental illness reduces discriminatory responses.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.2307/1519806

Cites

81 of 81 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Structural Equations with Latent Variables.
Clogg, C. C., & Bollen, K. A. (1991) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2072165 · Cited by 17,475
Untitled work
(1954) · Cited by 15,935
Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity
(1969) · Postgraduate Medical Journal · doi:10.1136/pgmj.45.527.642 · Cited by 14,255
Book Review: The Psychology of Attitudes
Chakravarti, D., Eagly, A. H., & Chaiken, S. (1997) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.2307/3151869 · Cited by 7,173
Stereotypes and prejudice: Their automatic and controlled components
Devine, P. G. (1989) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.56.1.5 · Cited by 5,673
Behavior in Public Places: Notes on the Social Organization of Gatherings.
Schneider, L., & Goffman, E. (1964) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2091496 · Cited by 2,668
The Paradox of Self-Stigma and Mental Illness
Corrigan, P. W., & Watson, A. C. (2002) · Clinical Psychology Science and Practice · doi:10.1093/clipsy.9.1.35 · Cited by 2,058
Self-citation
RELATIONS IN PUBLIC: MICROSTUDIES OF THE PUBLIC ORDER. By Erving Goffman. New York: Basic Books, 1971. 396 pp. $7.95
Turner, R. H., & Goffman, E. (1973) · Social Forces · doi:10.2307/2576707 · Cited by 2,038
Racial Attitudes in America: Trends and Interpretations
Bruce, S. E., Schuman, H., Steeh, C., & Bobo, L. D. (1987) · British Journal of Sociology · doi:10.2307/590918 · Cited by 1,919
Untitled work
(1998) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,773

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 81 references

Sorted by citations

Items 701–800 of 1,001

Blaming others for their illness: The influence of health‐related implicit theories on blame and social support
Dohle, S., Schreiber, M., Wingen, T., & Baumann, M. (2021) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/jasp.12844 · Cited by 12
Including the multiply excluded: a mixed methods study exploring intragroup stigma towards people who use synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists
Adley, M., Atkinson, A. M., & Sumnall, H. R. (2022) · Drugs Education Prevention and Policy · doi:10.1080/09687637.2022.2025766 · Cited by 9
“Further studies would therefore be required to collect data specifically relating to attribution theory within this population, perhaps building on expanded attribution models such as that developed by Corrigan et al. (2003) which included controllability of cause as a predictor of social distance.”
Background
General Beliefs About Illicit Drug Use and Stigma: Perspective of People Who Use Illicit Drugs
Ventura, C. A. A., Carrara, B. S., Fernandes, R. H. H., Bobbili, S. J., Eugênio, S. J., Domingos, S. G. D. Á., & Ferreira, P. S. (2022) · Community Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10597-022-00944-8 · Cited by 8
“The belief that people who use illicit drugs are dangerous can lead to fear and prejudice, leading to discriminatory actions and behavrious (Corrigan et al., 2003).”
Background
Responsibility judgments and responses to people living with AIDS in C hina: testing an attributional perspective
Zhang, A., Rivkin, I. D., & An, N. (2013) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/jasp.12066 · Cited by 8
An exploration of the factor structure and development of potentially useful subscales of etiological beliefs about schizophrenia in a general population sample
Goulding, S. M., Broussard, B., Demir, B., & Compton, M. T. (2009) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-009-0014-8 · Cited by 8
“In particular, stigmatizing beliefs held by the general public have been suggested to influence the emotional reactions and helping behaviors of community members, while worsening denial of the illness by the affected individual [4, 5, 12].”
Background
Stigmatised attitudes towards the ‘stressed’ or ‘ill’ models of mental illness
Luty, J. S., Easow, J. M., & Mendes, V. (2011) · The Psychiatrist · doi:10.1192/pb.bp.110.032136 · Cited by 8
Americans’ Attitudes toward Mental Illness and Involuntary Psychiatric Medication
Mossakowski, K. N., Kaplan, L. M., & Hill, T. D. (2011) · Society and Mental Health · doi:10.1177/2156869311431100 · Cited by 8
“Although some types of mental illnesses, such as depression, are not as stigmatized as others (e.g., schizophrenia and drug dependence), evidence suggests that the stigma surrounding mental illness endures in the United States (Corrigan et al. 2003; Link et al. 1999; Martin, Pescosolido, and Tuch 2000; Martin et al. 2…”
BackgroundInfluential
Do Stereotypes of Mental and Developmental Disorders Predict Bystander Intentions in Cyberbullying? An Application of the Stereotype Content Model
Görzig, A., Bedrosova, M. J., & Macháčková, H. (2019) · International Journal of Developmental Science · doi:10.3233/dev-190270 · Cited by 9
“Interestingly, those are the main predictor emotions as put forward by research on stigma of mental illnesses (Angermeyer et al., 2010; Corrigan et al., 2003) which may suggest that the SCM framework omits speciﬁcities concerning some stereotypic subgroups.”
The Use of the Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) Model for Corrections Officers: Reducing Incidents within a County Jail
Comartin, E. B., Wells, K., Zacharias, A., & Kubiak, S. P. (2020) · The Prison Journal · doi:10.1177/0032885520956334 · Cited by 8
Estudio sobre el estigma percibido y el estigma experimentado según los usuarios de servicios de salud mental en la Ciudad de Buenos Aires: Su impacto en la recuperación
Geffner, N. I., & Agrest, M. (2021) · Revista Iberoamericana de Psicología · doi:10.33881/2027-1786.hrip.14203 · Cited by 8
College Students’ Reasons for Depression Nondisclosure in Primary Care
Meyer, W. J., Morrison, P., Lombardero, A., Swingle, K., & Campbell, D. G. (2016) · Journal of College Student Psychotherapy · doi:10.1080/87568225.2016.1177435 · Cited by 9
“This method has frequently been utilized in mental health stigma research (Corrigan et al., 2003; Halter, 2004; Lepatin et al., 2012).”
Method
Willingness to treat drug dependence and depression: comparisons of future health professionals
Anthony, J., Ahmedani, B. K., Mickus, M. A., Kubiak, S. P., & Rios, C. (2011) · Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation · doi:10.2147/sar.s14747 · Cited by 8
The impact of religiosity and attribution theory on attitudes toward addiction and cancer
Switzer, B., & Boysen, G. A. (2008) · Mental Health Religion & Culture · doi:10.1080/13674670802428449 · Cited by 8
“We measured stigmatizing attitudes relating to dangerousness, social distance, blame for the illness, negative emotion, and failure to help (Boysen & Vogel, 2008; Corrigan et al., 2003).”
Background
Moralização sobre o uso de álcool entre agentes comunitários de saúde
da Silveira, P. S., Martins, L. F., & Ronzani, T. M. (2009) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · Cited by 8
Public beliefs about trauma and its consequences: Profiles and correlates of stigma
Clapp, J. D., Sowers, A. F., Freng, S. A., Elmi, L. M., Kaya, R. A., & Bachtel, A. R. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.992574 · Cited by 6
Assessing Determinants of Shifting Attitudes on Drug Policy Reform in Maine
Glover, R. W., & Sporer, K. (2023) · Journal of Drug Issues · doi:10.1177/00220426231205797 · Cited by 7
“…towards substance use disorder (ASUD) scale is a measure adapted from earlier work on exposure to those with mental health issues and substance use disorder (Bathje et al., 2019; Corrigan et al., 2003) and is designed to gauge respondent stigma towards individuals with substance use disorder (SUD).”
Somatized or stigma? Causal attributions and emotional responses in shaping social distance towards people with mental illness, China
Zeng, X. (2024) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32985 · Cited by 7
“One concerns the mechanism of self-stigma increasing the symptoms of mental illness [32].”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluential
Institutional Epistemic Isolation in Psychiatric Healthcare
Spencer, L. J. (2024) · Social Epistemology · doi:10.1080/02691728.2024.2403620 · Cited by 7
“…but familiarity could also extend to somatic illnesses): ‘it varies in intensity from viewing television portrayals of mental illness, to having a friend or co-worker with mental illness, to having a family member with mental illness, to having a mental illness oneself’ (Corrigan et al. 2003, 166).”
When previous relationships limit the new: The interplay between product anthropomorphism and used products
Kwak, H., Puzakova, M., McGill, A. L., & Kim, J. (2025) · Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science · doi:10.1007/s11747-025-01086-5 · Cited by 7
“Previous research further indicates that stereotypical characteristics of a person are likely to influence impressions of that person in the absence of external factors (i.e., situational or environmental conditions external to the actor; Corrigan et al. (2003)).”
Mental Illness Stigma in Turkish and Greek Cypriot Communities Living in Cyprus: A Pilot Study
Zorba, A. (2015) · The European Journal of Social & Behavioural Sciences · doi:10.15405/ejsbs.158 · Cited by 7
Facilitating community connections among people with mental illnesses: Perspectives from grassroots community leaders
Bromage, B., Barrenger, S. L., Clayton, A. R., Rowe, M., Williamson, B., Benedict, P., & Kriegel, L. S. (2018) · Journal of Community Psychology · doi:10.1002/jcop.22146 · Cited by 7
Is Mental Illness like Any Other Medical Illness? Causal Attributions, Supportive Communication and the Social Withdrawal Inclination of People with Chronic Mental Illnesses in China
Li, Y., & He, Q. (2020) · Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10410236.2020.1808407 · Cited by 7
“is different from some previous studies suggesting the psychosocial attribution leading to stigma because the affected people were blamed for not controlling the psychosocial roots (Corrigan et al., 2003; Martin et al., 2000).”
BackgroundResultInfluential
Danger appraisal and pathogen-avoidance mechanisms in stigma towards severe mental illness: the mediating role of affective responses
Coneo, A. M. C., Díaz-Granados, E. T. A., Hoyos, O., & Santander, D. A. (2022) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-022-03951-x · Cited by 7
Weiner’s Attribution-Emotion-Action Model: Uncovering the Mediating Role of Self-Blame and the Moderating Effect of the Helper’s Responsibility for the Help Recipient’s Behavior
Yao, E., & Siegel, J. T. (2024) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/01461672241238132 · Cited by 7
“In study 1, we used Corrigan et al.’s (2003) Personal Responsibility Beliefs subscale to measure perceived controllability.”
Simulation with a standardised patient to reduce stigma towards people with schizophrenia spectrum disorder among nursing students: A quasi-experimental study
Blas, E. G., Vélez, E. V., Gómez‐Moreno, C., Arce, A. M., Tovar-Reinoso, A., Rodríguez-Gómez, P., Velerdas, L. V., & Martín, I. L. (2024) · Archives of Psychiatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.apnu.2024.07.015 · Cited by 7
Mental Health Crisis Interventions and the Politics of Police Use of Deadly Force
Clifford, K. (2013) · Advances in police theory and practice/Advances in police theory and practice series · doi:10.1201/b14853-12 · Cited by 7
A new look at the attribution model: Considerations for the measurement of public mental illness stigma.
Johnson-Kwochka, A. V., Minor, K. S., Ashburn‐Nardo, L., Wu, W., Stull, L. G., & Salyers, M. P. (2021) · Stigma and Health · doi:10.1037/sah0000288 · Cited by 7
Intervenciones para reducir el estigma hacia personas con trastornos mentales graves en Iberoamérica: una revisión sistemática
Vielma-Aguilera, A., Castro-Alzate, E. S., Saldivia, S., & Pamela Grandón, F. (2021) · Revista Ciencias de la Salud · doi:10.12804/revistas.urosario.edu.co/revsalud/a.10054 · Cited by 11
Reducing mental illness stigma: What types of images are most effective?
Subramanian, R., & Santo, J. B. (2021) · Journal of Visual Communication in Medicine · doi:10.1080/17453054.2021.1901561 · Cited by 7
“Drawing on Corrigan et al. (2003), coercion-segregation towards the story’s protagonist was assessed by asking participants to rate four items such as ‘I think Eliza poses a risk to her neighbors unless she is hospitalized’ (alpha 0.95).”
MethodInfluential
Attitude of Health Care Professionals Toward Patients With Substance Use Disorders
Mahmoud, D. A. M., Shiekh, M. M. E., Kirolos, A. R., & Hawary, Y. E. (2021) · Addictive Disorders & Their Treatment · doi:10.1097/adt.0000000000000272 · Cited by 7
“Median (IQR) 19 (16-21) 19 (16-21) 17 (12-21) 16.”
Understanding addiction stigma: Examining desired social distance toward addicted individuals
Janulis, P. F. (2010) · Digital Commons-DePaul (DePaul University) · Cited by 7
Effectiveness and confusion of the Time to Change anti-stigma campaign
Abraham, A., Easow, J., Ravichandren, P., Mushtaq, S. A., Butterworth, L., & Luty, J. S. (2010) · The Psychiatrist · doi:10.1192/pb.bp.109.027052 · Cited by 7
Exploring Carers’ Judgements of Responsibility and Control in Response to the Challenging Behaviour of People with Intellectual Disabilities
Williams, S., Dagnan, D., Rodgers, J., & Freeston, M. H. (2015) · Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities · doi:10.1111/jar.12146 · Cited by 7
Attributions about persons with brain injury: The effects of knowledge and familiarity about brain injury
Foster, L., McClure, J., McDowall, J., & Crawford, M. T. (2013) · Brain Injury · doi:10.3109/02699052.2012.750747 · Cited by 7
“‘as a result of a brain tumour’ or ‘as a result of abusing illegal drugs’), based on the finding that specifying the cause of mental illness influences stigma towards those with mental illness [17].”
Background
Validation of the Security Needs Assessment Profile (SNAP) by a national survey of secure units in England
Davies, S., Collins, M., & Ashwell, C. (2012) · The Psychiatrist · doi:10.1192/pb.bp.110.033555 · Cited by 7
DSM-5 Trichotillomania: Perception of Adults with Trichotillomania After Psychosocial Treatment
Houghton, D., McFarland, C. S., Franklin, M., Twohig, M., Compton, S., Neal-Barnett, A., Saunders, S., & Woods, D. W. (2016) · Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/00332747.2016.1144438 · Cited by 8
Autism, Art, and Accessibility to Theater
Corbett, B. A. (2016) · The AMA Journal of Ethic · doi:10.1001/journalofethics.2016.18.12.imhl1-1612 · Cited by 7
Versão brasileira do Attribution Questionnaire – Adaptação transcultural e validação de propriedades psicométricas
Pereira, A. D. A., Santos, S. M. E., & de Faria, R. M. D. (2016) · Jornal Brasileiro de Psiquiatria · doi:10.1590/0047-2085000000139 · Cited by 7
Can interpersonal contact help improve attitudes toward soldiers with intellectual disability? An Israeli study
Werner, S. (2017) · Journal of Intellectual Disability Research · doi:10.1111/jir.12439 · Cited by 7
Interpersonal Contact and Attitudes Toward Adolescents Who Abuse Substances
Richardson, G. B., Montgomery, L., & Brubaker, M. D. (2016) · Journal of Drug Education · doi:10.1177/0047237917744330 · Cited by 7
Attitude toward mental illnesses among paramedical professionals and junior doctors
Shah, H., Solanki, C., Vankar, G., & Parikh, M. N. (2017) · Annals of Indian Psychiatry · doi:10.4103/aip.aip_23_17 · Cited by 7
Public Health and Social Justice: An Argument Against Stigma as a Tool of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention
Blacksher, E. A. (2017) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190243470.013.24 · Cited by 7
Pilot of a consumer based anti-stigma mentorship program for nursing students
Fokuo, J. K., Maroney, M. M., & Corrigan, P. W. (2019) · Journal of Public Mental Health · doi:10.1108/jpmh-02-2019-0020 · Cited by 7
Self-citation
Opening the Minds’ Eye: The Pivotal Role of Sympathy in Depression Coverage Effectiveness
Lee, Y.-I., Zhang, Y., Jin, Y., Kim, S., Martin, E. F., & Smith, J. J. (2019) · Communication Studies · doi:10.1080/10510974.2019.1650086 · Cited by 9
“This finding was different from Corrigan et al. (2003) statement that the attribution of depression causes outside the individual could make people feel pity and compassion, which indicates that the attribution message strategy in the depression news coverage plays a significant role in triggering…”
Result
Reducing Criminal Justice Involvement of Individuals Experiencing Homelessness and Mental Illness: Perspectives of Frontline Practitioners
Roy, L., Crocker, A. G., Hurtubise, R., Latimer, E. A., Côté, M., Billette, I., & Boissy, F. (2020) · Canadian Journal of Criminology and Criminal Justice/La Revue canadienne de criminologie et de justice pénale · doi:10.3138/cjccj.2019-0056 · Cited by 10
Die Haltung der Öffentlichkeit zu Zwangsmassnahmen bei psychiatrischen PatientInnen
Huber, C. G., Steiger, S., Möller, J., & Lang, U. E. (2023) · Fortschritte der Neurologie · Psychiatrie · doi:10.1055/a-2036-7780 · Cited by 7
“Diese Einstellung kann wiederum durch bestehende Kontakte mit Betroffenen verändert werden [37].”
Attitudes to depression and psychiatric medication amid the enduring financial crisis in Attica: Comparison between 2009 and 2014
Economou, M. P., Peppou, L. Ε., Souliotis, K. N., Lazaratou, H., Kontoangelos, K. A., Nikolaidi, S., Palli, A., & Stefanis, C. N. (2019) · International Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0020764019858653 · Cited by 7
Can stigmatizing attitudes be prevented in psychology students?
Pingani, L., Coriani, S., Galeazzi, G. M., Nasi, A. M., & Franceschini, C. (2020) · Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.1080/09638237.2020.1714004 · Cited by 9
Reducing Employers' Stigma by Supported Employment
Tsang, H. W. H., Fong, M. W. M., Fung, K. M. T., & Corrigan, P. W. (2010) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781444319736.ch4 · Cited by 7
Self-citation
Self‐efficacy, sympathy, and attributions: Understanding helping intentions towards disclosers of mental health concerns on social media
White, J., & Ahern, E. (2022) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/jasp.12938 · Cited by 6
Dyadic effects of stigma on quality of life in people with schizophrenia and their family caregivers: Mediating role of patients' perception of caregivers' expressed emotion
Peng, Y., Xu, R., Li, Y., Li, L., Song, L., & Xi, J. (2024) · Family Process · doi:10.1111/famp.12973 · Cited by 7
Deconstructing Depression Stigma: Integrating AI-driven Data Collection and Analysis with Causal Knowledge Graphs
Meng, H., Zhang, R., Wang, G., Yang, Y., Qin, P., Lee, J., & Lee, Y. (2025) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3706598.3714255 · Cited by 10
Stigma on Mental Health among High School Students: Validation of the Italian Version of the Attribution Questionnaire-27 (AQ-27-I) in a High School Student Population
Ferrari, S., Bressi, C., Busnelli, E., Mattei, G., Pozzoli, S. M., Oliva, A., Galeazzi, G. M., & Pingani, L. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17145207 · Cited by 6
Examining the association between perceived stigma, its correlates, and restrictions in participation among persons with disabilities in Nepal: a cross-sectional study
Devkota, H. R., Poudel, S., Shrestha, M. K., Oli, R. U., Rai, N. K., Poudel, M. P., Banjara, P., Malla, C., Hazel, Y. P., Dahal, A., et al. (2024) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-024-18682-9 · Cited by 7
“Stigma often leads to negative beliefs, stereotypes, prejudice, and a desire to avoid or exclude stigmatized persons [4].”
Background
Public stigma against fentanyl overdose decedents in the United States: A conjoint vignette experiment
Sauer, S. (2024) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.116937 · Cited by 6
Aspekte der Inanspruchnahme von Psychotherapie in Deutschland zu Zeiten der DDR und danach
Gallistl, A., Strauss, B. M., Kaufmann, M. T., Nussmann, H. D., Heller, A., & Brähler, E. (2024) · PPmP - Psychotherapie · Psychosomatik · Medizinische Psychologie · doi:10.1055/a-2351-4232 · Cited by 6
“This Is Me” an Awareness-Raising and Anti-Stigma Program for Undergraduate Nursing Students: A Pre-Post Intervention Study
VALENTİM, O. M. M. D. S., Correia, T., Moutinho, L. S. M., Seabra, P., Querido, A., & Laranjeira, C. (2024) · Nursing Reports · doi:10.3390/nursrep14040216 · Cited by 7
Brain injury and discrimination: Two competing models—perceptions of responsibility and dangerousness
Foster, L., LEATHEM, J. M., & Humphries, S. (2016) · Brain Injury · doi:10.1080/02699052.2016.1174783 · Cited by 6
“mental illness literature [10,11] it was expected that support would be found for both mediation models.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluential
Stigma and its impact on the families of former soldiers of the German Armed Forces: an exploratory study
Schuy, K., Dors, S., Brants, L., Horzetzky, M., Willmund, G., Ströhle, A., Zimmermann, P. L., Rau, H., & Siegel, S. (2018) · Military Medical Research · doi:10.1186/s40779-018-0188-z · Cited by 7
Contact With Persons With Mental Illness and Willingness to Live Next Door to Them: Two Waves of a California Survey of Adults
Shearer, A. L., Röth, E., Cefalu, M. S., Breslau, J. A., McBain, R. K., Wong, E. C., Burnam, M. A., & Collins, R. L. (2020) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.202000064 · Cited by 6
Examining causal attributions for depression, alcohol use disorder, and schizophrenia in a diverse sample of international students at U.S. universities
Knettel, B. A., Cherenack, E. M., & Friis-Healy, E. A. (2021) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.1080/07448481.2020.1846046 · Cited by 6
“Attributions, which are beliefs about the source and cause of an illness, are influential in guiding perceptions of mental illness and mental health treatment.(8) For example, causal attributions have been associated with internalized and social stigma, care-seeking decisions, levels of care engagement, and treatment…”
Background
The Relationship between Discrimination and Perceived Stress: Buffering Effect of Online Health Information Seeking among Young Adults Experiencing Homelessness
Park, I. Y., Barman‐Adhikari, A., Hsu, H.-T., Narendorf, S. C., Maria, D. S., Shelton, J., Ferguson, K. M., Bender, K., & Petering, R. (2021) · Journal of Technology in Human Services · doi:10.1080/15228835.2021.1931636 · Cited by 6
“Moreover, YAEH face discrimination due to their experience of homelessness and their demographics, such as race/ethnicity, gender, and sexual orientation (Corrigan et al., 2003).”
Background
Mind the Gap: Researching ‘Alternatives to Coercion’ in Mental Health Care
Gooding, P. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108979016.021 · Cited by 8
Exploring mental health stigma among chinese-english bilinguals: Dual-process model of emotional competence, flipped learning readiness, and academic performance in Mainland Chinese Universities
Pei, L. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1001796 · Cited by 8
“When a worker discloses a mental disease, he or she may face stigmarelated negative behaviors from instructors and students, such as social rejection, prejudice, discrimination, and harassment (104, 108, 109).”
Background
A Study of the Impact of Social Responsibility Cues on the Long-Term Effectiveness of Gamification Strategies: Insights from the Adverse Effects of Game Strategies
Chen, J., Bao, Y., Zhang, G., & Huang, X. (2022) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su142215408 · Cited by 6
Distributive justice criteria and social categorization processes predict healthcare allocation bias
Madeira, F., Bú, E. A. D., Freitas, G. S., & Pereira, C. R. (2022) · British Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjhp.12640 · Cited by 6
The Effect of Self-Stigma on the Hope of Chinese with Mental Illness: The Mediating Role of Family Function
Liang, L.-Y., & Zhang, Y. (2022) · Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/00332747.2022.2154505 · Cited by 6
“…with increased depression (Grant et al., 2016), anxiety (Grant et al., 2016), loneliness (Mao et al., 2020), decreased self-esteem (Wartelsteiner et al., 2016), poor self-efficacy (Fan et al., 2021), higher avoidance and isolation (Corrigan et al., 2003), and diminished hope (Mao et al., 2020).”
Background
Who Helps Who? The Role of Stigma Dimensions in Harassment Intervention
Ghumman, S. S., Ryan, A. M., & Park, J. S. (2023) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-022-05307-7 · Cited by 6
“…hypothetical question: “If a coworker with one of the following attributes ( religious person, Atheist, etc.) was being harassed at work,…” coupled with a modified 2-item helping scale (Corrigan et al., 2003), rating their willingness to help (e.g., how likely is it that you would help this person?”
Public Attitudes towards Penalties for Sexting by Minors
Blyth, C., & Roberts, L. D. (2014) · Current Issues in Criminal Justice · doi:10.1080/10345329.2014.12036012 · Cited by 6
“A fourth item on blame (Lambert and Raichle 2000) was added to improve the internal reliability of .70 reported by Corrigan et al (2003).”
Background
Community-Based Mental Health Services: Is Coercion Necessary?
Sullivan, W. P., & Carpenter, J. (2010) · Journal of Social Work in Disability & Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/1536710x.2010.493483 · Cited by 6
Prime and prejudice: Brief stereotypical media representations can increase prejudicial attitudes and behaviour towards people with schizophrenia
Bowman, J. W. P., & West, K. (2018) · Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/casp.2392 · Cited by 6
Social Determinants of Health
Sood, A. B., Avula, D. T. K., & Wiley, T. W. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108551830.004 · Cited by 6
News media framing of self-harm in Australia.
Staniland, L., Hasking, P. A., Lewis, S. P., & Boyes, M. E. (2021) · Stigma and Health · doi:10.1037/sah0000350 · Cited by 6
On Public Stigma of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): Effects of Military vs. Civilian Setting and Sexual vs. Physical Trauma
Thibodeau, R., & Merges, E. (2022) · International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction · doi:10.1007/s11469-022-00870-6 · Cited by 6
“Some published evidence supports this view (Corrigan et al., 2003; Weiner et al., 1988; see also Jones et al., 1984).”
The stigma of mental health professionals towards users with a mental disorder.
Valverde-Bolivar, E., García-Arenas, J. J., Pelegrin, I. L., Pérez-Gómez, L., Muñoz, M., & Simonelli‐Muñoz, A. J. (2022) · PubMed Central · Cited by 6
The Interaction of Race/Ethnicity and Mental Health Problems on Visitation in State Correctional Facilities
Stacer, M. J. (2012) · Journal of Ethnicity in Criminal Justice · doi:10.1080/15377938.2011.609395 · Cited by 6
“This trend has been demonstrated through vignette research and survey research on attitudes and behaviors toward those believed to have mental health problems (Boisvert & Faust, 1999; Corrigan et al., 2003; Link, Cullen, Frank, & Wozniak, 1987; Martin, Pescosolido, & Tuch, 2000).”
Background
Stigmatizing attributions towards depression among South Asian and Caucasian college students
Thapar-Olmos, N., & Myers, H. F. (2017) · International Journal of Culture and Mental Health · doi:10.1080/17542863.2017.1340969 · Cited by 6
“Attribution theory is a well-validated model that explicates the relationships between attributions, emotions, and behaviours in a reliable and testable manner (Corrigan et al., 2003; Weiner, 2006).”
BackgroundResult
The Influence of Linguistic Agency and Causality Attribution in Support-seeking about Depression on Perceived Stigma and Support Messages
Khan, S., Gonzalez, T., McKenzie, R., & Feng, B. (2022) · Journal of Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10810730.2022.2104412 · Cited by 5
Policies for recovery from drug use: Differences between public stigma and perceived stigma and associated factors
Luo, T., Xu, S., & Zhang, K. (2024) · Drug and Alcohol Review · doi:10.1111/dar.13818 · Cited by 5
Care Relationships Between Support Staff and Adults With a Learning Disability in Long-Term Social Care Residential Settings in the United Kingdom: A Systematic Literature Review
Mamolis, G., Triantafyllopoulou, P., & Jones, K. (2024) · Journal of Long-Term Care · doi:10.31389/jltc.189 · Cited by 5
Explaining prejudice toward the mentally ill: A test of sociopolitical, demographic, and socioeconomic factors
Johansson, O., & Kunst, J. (2017) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/jasp.12483 · Cited by 4
“Just Like Someone Without Mental Illness, Only More So”: Normalizing Beliefs and their Buffering Effects on Psychiatric Symptoms
Buck, B., & Hester, N. (2018) · Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1521/jscp.2018.37.1.69 · Cited by 5
Autism Spectrum Disorder and Harassment: An Application of Attribution Theory
Mogavero, M. C., & Hsu, K. (2018) · International Journal of Criminology and Sociology · doi:10.6000/1929-4409.2018.07.19 · Cited by 5
“Applying AT or explaining one’s behavior in terms of a disorder typically assigns less culpability and decreases one’s criminal responsibility for their behavior (Corrigan et al. 2003; Freckelton and List 2009).”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
The evaluation of the impact of anti-stigma training led by "experts by experience" on participants’ attitudes towards persons with mental illness
Świtaj, P., Grygiel, P., Krzyżanowska-Zbucka, J., Sonik-Włodarczyk, J., Chrostek, A., Jaholkowski, P. P., Wciórka, J., & Anczewska, M. (2019) · Psychiatria Polska · doi:10.12740/pp/109818 · Cited by 5
“The Attribution Questionnaire-9 [33] was constructed based on the attribution model of the stigma of mental illness [34, 35], according to which attributions about the causes of mental illness and an individual’s ability to control them affect our beliefs about the degree of personal responsibility for the illness whi…”
Method
Perceptions of Mental Health Conditions in Criminal Cases: A Survey Study Involving Swedish Lay Judges
Sörman, K., Cox, J. M., Rimsten, C. E., Stanziani, M. R., Lernestedt, C., Kristiansson, M., & Howner, K. (2020) · Criminal Justice and Behavior · doi:10.1177/0093854820910774 · Cited by 5
“In contrast, offenses that are perceived to be the result of an organic cause outside the control of the person charged with a crime (e.g., due to head injury), are more likely to evoke sympathy and result in less punitive sentiments (Corrigan et al., 2003; Markowitz & watson, 2015).”
Background
Family-School Partnerships within Tiered Systems of Support to Increase Access, Improve Equity, and Promote Positive Outcomes for All Children and Families
Garbacz, S. A., Vatland, C. H., Kern, L., von der Embse, N. P., Novotnak, T., Minch, D. R., & Weist, M. D. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108551830.013 · Cited by 6
Lack of continuity of care experienced by people diagnosed with schizophrenia in South Korea
Oh, H., Kim, M., Kim, J., Choi, H., Kim, H. S., Holley, L. C., & Kweon, O. (2021) · Health & Social Care in the Community · doi:10.1111/hsc.13446 · Cited by 5
The influence of Alzheimer’s disease stigma on pain assessment in older persons
Vitou, V., Gély-Nargeot, M.-C., Jeandel, C., & Bayard, S. (2022) · Dementia · doi:10.1177/14713012221117907 · Cited by 10
“…on the literature about mental health stigma even though the processes and determinants may differ in some ways, given that dementia diagnoses do not elicit the same kind of emotional and cognitive attributions (Corrigan, 2007; Corrigan et al., 2003; Link et al., 1989; Werner et al., 2010, 2011).”
Background
Kako zaposleni roditelji djece s teškoćama u razvoju usklađuju zahtjeve radne i obiteljske uloge?
Ombla, J., Slišković, A., Ivanišević, M. N., Šimunić, A., & Ljubičić, M. (2023) · Revija za sociologiju · doi:10.5613/rzs.53.1.3 · Cited by 5
Stereotypes of people with intellectual disabilities held by university education students
Beunza‐García, S., Biencinto, C., del Peral, J. A. M., Fenellós, C. B., & Molina, E. C. (2023) · Research and Practice in Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1080/23297018.2023.2240362 · Cited by 5
Stereotypes and OCD-Symptom Presentations: A Mixed-Methods Evaluation Using Male-Character Vignettes
Ponzini, G. T., Signorelli, M., Claydon, E. A., Lilly, C. L., & Steinman, S. A. (2023) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/21677026231192893 · Cited by 7
“AQ-9.”
Influential
Understanding and Addressing Mental Health Disparities and Stigma in Serious Illness and Palliative Care
Gerhart, J. I., Oswald, L. B., McLouth, L. E., Gibb, L., Perry, L. M., England, A. E., Sannes, T., Schoenbine, D., Ramos, K., Greenberg, J., et al. (2023) · Illness, crises, and loss · doi:10.1177/10541373231201952 · Cited by 7
“Individuals are more likely to be discriminated against when their behavior is deemed to be within their control, dangerous, or unfamiliar (Corrigan et al., 2003; Corrigan & Nieweglowski, 2019).”
Comparing the beliefs regarding biological or psychological causalities toward stereotyped perception of people who stutter
Iimura, D., & Ishida, O. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1279169 · Cited by 5
Biomedical knowledge of dementia is not enough to counteract its stigma – quantitative research among future medical and social care staff in Poland
Błaszkiewicz, M., Szcześniak, D. M., Ciułkowicz, M., Kowalski, K., Rymaszewska, J. E., Bartosz, B., Bulińska, K., Karczewski, M., Brodaty, H., & Rymaszewska, J. (2024) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2024.2320139 · Cited by 7
“We adopt the Corrigan’s conceptualization of stigma (P. Corrigan et al., 2003) as the process of assigning cognitive attributions to another person (stereotyping), followed by the emotional reactions (positive, such as compassion or sorrow, and negative, e.g. embarrassment or shame), which, in turn…”
“It’s Your Fault!”—Said the Vaccinated to the Unvaccinated. The Effect of COVID-19 Vaccination on Responsibility Attribution
Drążkowski, D., & Trepanowski, R. (2024) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/21582440241251471 · Cited by 5
“…the cause of an illness as controllable (such as HIV/ AIDS, drug addiction, and obesity), they tend to blame the affected individual, ostracize them from society, feel less fondness and pity toward them, and exhibit less desire to offer assistance (Corrigan et al., 2000, 2003; Weiner et al., 1988).”
Increasing Social Support for Women via Humanizing Postpartum Depression
Wang, T. G., & Pavelko, R. L. (2024) · Health Communication · doi:10.1080/10410236.2024.2361582 · Cited by 5
“…in line with other studies investigating causal beliefs and social biases associated with traditionally stigmatized disorders like schizophrenia (P. Corrigan et al., 2003), stuttering (Boyle, 2016), HIV (Seacat et al., 2007), AIDS, obesity, and drug addiction (Weiner et al., 1988), indicating that…”
Assessment of Public Stigma, Mental Health Literacy, and Help‐Seeking Intentions Based on Different Dimensions of Obsessive–Compulsive Content: A Study of the Spanish Mental Health‐Naïve Population
Chaves, A., Arnáez, S., Roncero, M., & García‐Soriano, G. (2024) · Brain and Behavior · doi:10.1002/brb3.70159 · Cited by 5
Burnout in mental health professionals and its relation with their attitudes towards mental illness
Olmo-Romero, F. D., Rebolleda-Gil, C., Varandas, P., Martı́n-Carrasco, M., González-Blanco, M., Perna, G., Pomarol‐Clotet, E., Martinez-Cabezón, A. C., Huerta-Ramírez, R., & Salvador, R. (2024) · The European Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ejpsy.2024.100289 · Cited by 7
Stigma and other public perceptions of recreational gaming and gaming disorder: A large-scale qualitative analysis
Galanis, C. R., & King, D. L. (2025) · Computers in Human Behavior Reports · doi:10.1016/j.chbr.2024.100581 · Cited by 5
Prototype analysis on beliefs about people with depression: Examining Japanese university students
Kashihara, J. (2016) · The Japanese journal of psychology · doi:10.4992/jjpsy.87.14071 · Cited by 5

Authors: Corrigan, P., Markowitz, F. E., Watson, A., Rowan, D., & Kubiak, M. A.
Affiliations: University of Chicago (US)
Northern Illinois University (US)
Prairie State College (US)
ORCID: Corrigan, Patrick
Markowitz, Fred E.
Watson, Amy
Venue: Journal of Health and Social Behavior
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2003-06
Volume: 44
Issue: 2
Pages: 162
ISSN: 0022-1465 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.2307/1519806
OpenAlex: W2104804522
Cited by: 1,407
References: 81
Citations by year: 2026: 73 · 2025: 98 · 2024: 83 · 2023: 88 · 2022: 95 · 2021: 123 · 2020: 99 · 2019: 85 · 2018: 57 · 2017: 71 · 2016: 76 · 2015: 63 · 2014: 56 · 2013: 50 · 2012: 52
FWCI: 19.68
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Health and Social Behavior (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (5r24mh062198-06)
National Institute of Mental Health (5 R24 MH62198)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychology and Mental Health
Keywords: mental illness, causal attribution, attribution theory, perceived dangerousness, responsibility beliefs, fear, pity, anger, rejection response, involuntary treatment, segregation, community college students, stigma
MeSH terms: Adult, Attitude to Health, Mental Disorders, Female, Humans, Male, Models, Psychological, Prejudice, Social Environment, Stereotyping, Students, Universities, Midwestern United States, Behavioral Research

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

An Attribution Model of Public Discrimination Towards Persons with Mental Illness

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks