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A Review of Human Disturbance Effects on Nesting Colonial Waterbirds
Abstract
-We reviewed 64 published investigations concerning effects of human disturbance on nesting colonial waterbirds. We summarized and reviewed articles, based on taxonomy, examining investigator, ecotourist, recreator, watercraft, and aircraft activity effects on physiology, reproductive behavior, reproductive success, and population trends of waterbirds. Though most studies found significant negative effects, taking careful measures minimized impact on some species. Guidelines for minimizing investigator and visitor disturbance are outlined. Little practical information for visitor management is available. Increasing pressure from the ecotourism industry to visit waterbird colonies makes research that develops scientifically-defensible tourism policies imperative. Received 27 December 1997, accepted 27 April 1998.
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“In particular, there is growing concern of the negative effects associated with increased human presence from wildlife tourism and other human disturbances on little penguin behaviour, reproductive success and population size”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Carney, K. M., & Sydeman, W. J.
- Affiliations
- Stanford University (US)
- ORCID
- Sydeman, William J.
- Venue
- Waterbirds: The International Journal of Waterbird Biology
- Publisher
- JSTOR
- Published
- 1999
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 68
- ISSN
- 1524-4695 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2333100720
- Cited by
- 389
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 16 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 8.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Waterbirds (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Avian ecology and behavior
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Wildlife Ecology and Conservation
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Marine animal studies overview
- Keywords
- human disturbance, colonial waterbirds, ecotourism, recreational disturbance, aircraft disturbance, reproductive success, reproductive behavior, population trends, disturbance mitigation, visitor management, tourism policy
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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