Problems with Instrumental Variables Estimation When the Correlation Between the Instruments and the Endogeneous Explanatory Variable is Weak

How Much Should We Trust Differences-in-Differences Estimates?

Bertrand, M., Duflo, E., & Mullainathan, S. (2004) · The Quarterly Journal of Economics · doi:10.1162/003355304772839588 · Cited by 10,641

The colonial origins of comparative development: An empirical investigation

Acemoglu, D., Johnson, S., & Robinson, J. A. (2001) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/aer.91.5.1369 · Cited by 8,517

A finite sample correction for the variance of linear efficient two-step GMM estimators

Windmeijer, F. A. G. (2004) · Journal of Econometrics · doi:10.1016/j.jeconom.2004.02.005 · Cited by 6,007

Mendelian randomization: Using genes as instruments for making causal inferences in epidemiology

Lawlor, D. A., Harbord, R. M., Sterne, J. A. C., Timpson, N., & Davey Smith, G. (2008) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.3034 · Cited by 4,618

A Survey of Weak Instruments and Weak Identification in Generalized Method of Moments

Stock, J. H., Wright, J. H., & Yogo, M. (2002) · Journal of Business and Economic Statistics · doi:10.1198/073500102288618658 · Cited by 4,151

Financial literacy and stock market participation

van Rooij, M., Lusardi, A., & Alessie, R. (2011) · Journal of Financial Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jfineco.2011.03.006 · Cited by 3,554

The Effect of Minimum Wages on Low-Wage Jobs*

Cengiz, D., Dube, A., Lindner, A., & Zipperer, B. (2019) · The Quarterly Journal of Economics · doi:10.1093/qje/qjz014 · Cited by 2,688

Instrumental Variables and the Search for Identification: From Supply and Demand to Natural Experiments

Angrist, J. D., & Krueger, A. B. (2001) · Journal of Economic Perspectives · doi:10.1257/jep.15.4.69 · Cited by 2,355

Education for Growth: Why and for Whom?

Krueger, A. B., & Lindahl, M. (2001) · Journal of Economic Literature · doi:10.1257/jel.39.4.1101 · Cited by 2,121

Machine Learning: An Applied Econometric Approach

Mullainathan, S., & Spiess, J. (2017) · Journal of Economic Perspectives · doi:10.1257/jep.31.2.87 · Cited by 1,989

Power and instrument strength requirements for Mendelian randomization studies using multiple genetic variants

Pierce, B. L., Ahsan, H., & VanderWeele, T. J. (2010) · International Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/ije/dyq151 · Cited by 1,848

Does Algorithmic Trading Improve Liquidity?

Hendershott, T. J., Jones, C. M., & Menkveld, A. J. (2011) · The Journal of Finance · doi:10.1111/j.1540-6261.2010.01624.x · Cited by 1,823

Detecting pleiotropy in Mendelian randomisation studies with summary data and a continuous outcome

Greco M, F. D., Minelli, C., Sheehan, N. A., & Thompson, J. R. (2015) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.6522 · Cited by 1,700

Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology using Mendelian Randomisation (STROBE-MR): explanation and elaboration.

Skrivankova, V. W., Richmond, R. C., Woolf, B. A. R., Davies, N. M., Swanson, S. A., VanderWeele, T. J., Timpson, N. J., Higgins, J. P. T., Dimou, N., Langenberg, C., et al. (2021) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.n2233 · Cited by 1,648

Bias due to participant overlap in two‐sample Mendelian randomization

Burgess, S., Davies, N. M., & Thompson, S. G. (2016) · Genetic Epidemiology · doi:10.1002/gepi.21998 · Cited by 1,624

The Credibility Revolution in Empirical Economics: How Better Research Design is Taking the Con out of Econometrics

Angrist, J. D., & Pischke, J.-S. (2010) · Journal of Economic Perspectives · doi:10.1257/jep.24.2.3 · Cited by 1,566

Explaining the Diversification Discount

Campa, J. M., & Kedia, S. (2002) · The Journal of Finance · doi:10.1111/1540-6261.00476 · Cited by 1,373

Marshall's scale economies

Henderson, J. V. (2003) · Journal of Urban Economics · doi:10.1016/s0094-1190(02)00505-3 · Cited by 1,259

Plausibly Exogenous

Conley, T. G., Hansen, C., & Rossi, P. E. (2008) · The Review of Economics and Statistics · doi:10.1162/rest_a_00139 · Cited by 1,189

Assessing empirical research in managerial accounting: a value-based management perspective

Ittner, C. D., & Larcker, D. F. (2001) · Journal of Accounting and Economics · doi:10.1016/s0165-4101(01)00026-x · Cited by 1,143

Avoiding Invalid Instruments and Coping with Weak Instruments

Murray, M. P. (2006) · The Journal of Economic Perspectives · doi:10.1257/jep.20.4.111 · Cited by 1,094

Examining the Impacts of Residential Self‐Selection on Travel Behaviour: A Focus on Empirical Findings

Cao, X., Mokhtarian, P. L., & Handy, S. (2009) · Transport Reviews · doi:10.1080/01441640802539195 · Cited by 1,083

Under the Weather: Health, Schooling, and Economic Consequences of Early-Life Rainfall

Maccini, S., & Yang, D. (2009) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/aer.99.3.1006 · Cited by 1,069

The Life Course and Human Development

Elder, G. H., & Shanahan, M. J. (2007) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470147658.chpsy0112 · Cited by 1,074

Inside the Family Firm: The Role of Families in Succession Decisions and Performance

Bennedsen, M., Nielsen, K. M., Pérez‐González, F., & Wolfenzon, D. (2007) · The Quarterly Journal of Economics · doi:10.1162/qjec.122.2.647 · Cited by 1,009

Multinational Enterprises, International Trade, and Productivity Growth: Firm-Level Evidence from the United States

Keller, W., & Yeaple, S. (2009) · The Review of Economics and Statistics · doi:10.1162/rest.91.4.821 · Cited by 910

Does Going Public Affect Innovation?

Bernstein, S. (2015) · The Journal of Finance · doi:10.1111/jofi.12275 · Cited by 850

THE ESTIMATION OF CAUSAL EFFECTS FROM OBSERVATIONAL DATA

Winship, C., & Morgan, S. L. (1999) · Annual Review of Sociology · doi:10.1146/annurev.soc.25.1.659 · Cited by 890

Large Shareholder Diversification and Corporate Risk-Taking

Faccio, M., Marchica, M., & Mura, R. (2011) · Review of Financial Studies · doi:10.1093/rfs/hhr065 · Cited by 849

Are there civic returns to education?

Dee, T. S. (2004) · Journal of Public Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jpubeco.2003.11.002 · Cited by 902

Weak Instruments in Instrumental Variables Regression: Theory and Practice

Andrews, I., Stock, J. H., & Sun, L. (2019) · Annual Review of Economics · doi:10.1146/annurev-economics-080218-025643 · Cited by 849

Instrument Relevance in Multivariate Linear Models: A Simple Measure

Shea, J. (1997) · The Review of Economics and Statistics · doi:10.1162/rest.1997.79.2.348 · Cited by 816

Examining the impacts of residential self-selection on travel behavior: A focus on methodologies

Mokhtarian, P. L., & Cao, X. (2007) · Transportation Research Part B Methodological · doi:10.1016/j.trb.2007.07.006 · Cited by 829

Estimating Average and Local Average Treatment Effects of Education when Compulsory Schooling Laws Really Matter

Oreopoulos, P. (2006) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/000282806776157641 · Cited by 813

Inequality and Crime

Kelly, M. (2000) · The Review of Economics and Statistics · doi:10.1162/003465300559028 · Cited by 815

The Response of Household Consumption to Income Tax Refunds

Souleles, N. S. (1999) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/aer.89.4.947 · Cited by 700

Explaining Child Malnutrition in Developing Countries: A Cross-Country Analysis

Haddad, L. J., & Smith, L. C. (2000) · International Food Policy Research Institute eBooks · doi:10.2499/0896291146rr111 · Cited by 709

Informal care and health care use of older adults

Houtven, C. H. V., & Norton, E. C. (2004) · Journal of Health Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2004.04.008 · Cited by 676

Does prekindergarten improve school preparation and performance?

Magnuson, K., Ruhm, C. J., & Waldfogel, J. (2006) · Economics of Education Review · doi:10.1016/j.econedurev.2005.09.008 · Cited by 675

Causal Relationship between Energy Consumption and GDP Growth Revisited: A Dynamic Panel Data Approach

Huang, B., Hwang, M. J., & Yang, C. (2008) · Ecological Economics · doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2007.11.006 · Cited by 673

MOSTLY POINTLESS SPATIAL ECONOMETRICS?*

Gibbons, S., & Overman, H. G. (2012) · Journal of Regional Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9787.2012.00760.x · Cited by 632

Environmental innovation and environmental performance

Carrión-Flores, C. E., & Innes, R. D. (2009) · Journal of Environmental Economics and Management · doi:10.1016/j.jeem.2009.05.003 · Cited by 632

Does informal care from children to their elderly parents substitute for formal care in Europe?

Bonsang, É. (2008) · Journal of Health Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2008.09.002 · Cited by 621

Corporate governance, accounting and finance: A review

Brown, P. R., Beekes, W., & Verhoeven, P. (2010) · Accounting and Finance · doi:10.1111/j.1467-629x.2010.00385.x · Cited by 614

Airports, Air Pollution, and Contemporaneous Health

Schlenker, W., & Walker, W. R. (2015) · The Review of Economic Studies · doi:10.1093/restud/rdv043 · Cited by 610

The Returns to Education: Microeconomics

Harmon, C., Oosterbeek, H., & Walker, I. (2003) · Journal of Economic Surveys · doi:10.1111/1467-6419.00191 · Cited by 604

Finance, investment, and growth

Carlin, W., & Mayer, C. (2003) · Journal of Financial Economics · doi:10.1016/s0304-405x(03)00112-0 · Cited by 553

Season of Birth and Later Outcomes: Old Questions, New Answers

Buckles, K., & Hungerman, D. (2012) · The Review of Economics and Statistics · doi:10.1162/rest_a_00314 · Cited by 554

Applications of Generalized Method of Moments Estimation

Wooldridge, J. M. (2001) · The Journal of Economic Perspectives · doi:10.1257/jep.15.4.87 · Cited by 543

Debt financing: Does it boost or hurt firm performance in product markets?

Murillo Campello, A. (2005) · Journal of Financial Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jfineco.2005.04.001 · Cited by 512

Health and wages: Evidence on men and women in urban Brazil

Thomas, D., & Strauss, J. (1997) · Journal of Econometrics · doi:10.1016/s0304-4076(96)01811-8 · Cited by 530

Does Capital Account Liberalization Lead to Growth?

Quinn, D. P., & Toyoda, A. M. (2008) · Review of Financial Studies · doi:10.1093/rfs/hhn034 · Cited by 512

How Important Is Precautionary Saving?

Carroll, C. D., & Samwick, A. (1995) · The Review of Economics and Statistics · doi:10.1162/003465398557645 · Cited by 533

Crime, Urban Flight, and the Consequences for Cities

Cullen, J. B., & Levitt, S. D. (1999) · The Review of Economics and Statistics · doi:10.1162/003465399558030 · Cited by 531

The Causal Effect of Parents' Schooling on Children's Schooling: A Comparison of Estimation Methods

Holmlund, H., Lindahl, M., & Plug, E. (2011) · Journal of Economic Literature · doi:10.1257/jel.49.3.615 · Cited by 520

Does money really matter? Estimating impacts of family income on young children's achievement with data from random-assignment experiments.

Duncan, G. J., Morris, P., & Rodrigues, C. A. G. (2011) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0023875 · Cited by 551

The Effect of Female Education on Fertility and Infant Health: Evidence from School Entry Policies Using Exact Date of Birth

McCrary, J., & Royer, H. (2011) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/aer.101.1.158 · Cited by 519

An Integrated Framework of Corporate Governance and Firm Valuation

Beiner, S., Drobetz, W., Schmid, M. M., & Zimmermann, H. (2006) · European Financial Management · doi:10.1111/j.1354-7798.2006.00318.x · Cited by 534

The Effect of Institutional Ownership on Payout Policy: Evidence from Index Thresholds

Crane, A. D., Michenaud, S., & Weston, J. P. (2016) · Review of Financial Studies · doi:10.1093/rfs/hhw012 · Cited by 475

Executive stock options, differential risk-taking incentives, and firm value

Armstrong, C. S., & Vashishtha, R. (2011) · Journal of Financial Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jfineco.2011.11.005 · Cited by 464

Ten Years After the Financial Crisis: What Have We Learned from the Renaissance in Fiscal Research?

Ramey, V. (2019) · The Journal of Economic Perspectives · doi:10.1257/jep.33.2.89 · Cited by 489

Regulatory Competition and Environmental Enforcement: Is There a Race to the Bottom?

Konisky, D. M. (2007) · American Journal of Political Science · doi:10.1111/j.1540-5907.2007.00285.x · Cited by 488

“Is the U.S. Aggregate Production Function Cobb-Douglas? New Estimates of the Elasticity of Substitution”

Antràs, P. (2004) · Contributions in Macroeconomics · doi:10.2202/1534-6005.1161 · Cited by 470

PUBLIC R&D POLICIES AND PRIVATE R&D INVESTMENT: A SURVEY OF THE EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE

Becker, B. (2014) · Journal of Economic Surveys · doi:10.1111/joes.12074 · Cited by 509

Public Schooling for Young Children and Maternal Labor Supply

Gelbach, J. B. (2002) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/000282802760015748 · Cited by 483

Habit Formation in Consumer Preferences: Evidence from Panel Data

Dynan, K. E. (2000) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/aer.90.3.391 · Cited by 449

Education and poverty in rural China

Brown, P., & Park, A. (2002) · Economics of Education Review · doi:10.1016/s0272-7757(01)00040-1 · Cited by 483

Covenants with weak swords: ISO 14001 and facilities' environmental performance

Potoski, M., & Prakash, A. (2005) · Journal of Policy Analysis and Management · doi:10.1002/pam.20136 · Cited by 435

Endogenous Federal Grants and Crowd-out of State Government Spending: Theory and Evidence from the Federal Highway Aid Program

Knight, B. G. (2002) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/000282802760015612 · Cited by 412

Bias in causal estimates from Mendelian randomization studies with weak instruments

Burgess, S., & Thompson, S. G. (2011) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.4197 · Cited by 421

Building Relationships Early: Banks in Venture Capital

Hellmann, T. F., Lindsey, L. A., & Puri, M. (2007) · Review of Financial Studies · doi:10.1093/rfs/hhm080 · Cited by 409

Effects of Environmental Regulations on Manufacturing Plant Births: Evidence from a Propensity Score Matching Estimator

List, J. A., Millimet, D. L., Fredriksson, P. G., & McHone, W. W. (2003) · The Review of Economics and Statistics · doi:10.1162/003465303772815844 · Cited by 388

Causal Inference in Sociological Research

Gangl, M. (2010) · Annual Review of Sociology · doi:10.1146/annurev.soc.012809.102702 · Cited by 424

A most stubborn bias: no adjustment method fully resolves confounding by indication in observational studies

Bosco, J. L. F., Silliman, R. A., Thwin, S. S., Geiger, A. M., Buist, D. S. M., Prout, M. N., Yood, M. U., Haque, R., Wei, F., & Lash, T. L. (2009) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.03.001 · Cited by 393

Do Immigrant Inflows Lead to Native Outflows?

Card, D., & DiNardo, J. (2000) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/aer.90.2.360 · Cited by 398

Financial distress and corporate risk management: Theory and evidence

Purnanandam, A. K. (2008) · Journal of Financial Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jfineco.2007.04.003 · Cited by 381

Is there really a foreign ownership wage premium? Evidence from matched employer–employee data

Heyman, F., Sjöholm, F., & Tingvall, P. G. (2007) · Journal of International Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jinteco.2007.04.003 · Cited by 379

Environmental regulation and labor demand: evidence from the South Coast Air Basin

Berman, E., & Bui, L. T. M. (2001) · Journal of Public Economics · doi:10.1016/s0047-2727(99)00101-2 · Cited by 364

Estimates of the economic return to schooling for 28 countries

Trostel, P. A., Walker, I., & Woolley, P. (2002) · Labour Economics · doi:10.1016/s0927-5371(01)00052-5 · Cited by 360

Exploring the health–wealth nexus

Meer, J., Miller, D. L., & Rosen, H. S. (2003) · Journal of Health Economics · doi:10.1016/s0167-6296(03)00059-6 · Cited by 355

Instrumental variable methods in comparative safety and effectiveness research

Brookhart, M. A., Rassen, J. A., & Schneeweiß, S. (2010) · Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety · doi:10.1002/pds.1908 · Cited by 332

Is crowding out due entirely to fundraising? Evidence from a panel of charities

James Andreoni, A., & Payne, A. A. (2010) · Journal of Public Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jpubeco.2010.11.011 · Cited by 326

The impact of state ownership on performance differences in privately-owned versus state-owned banks: An international comparison

Cornett, M. M., Guo, L., Khaksari, S., & Tehranian, H. (2009) · Journal of Financial Intermediation · doi:10.1016/j.jfi.2008.09.005 · Cited by 361

Valid t-ratio Inference for IV

Lee, D. S., McCrary, J., Moreira, M. J., & Porter, J. (2022) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/aer.20211063 · Cited by 333

Fiscal Decentralisation and Economic Growth in High‐Income OECD Countries

Thießen, U. (2003) · Fiscal Studies · doi:10.1111/j.1475-5890.2003.tb00084.x · Cited by 320

Wage Gains Associated with Height as a Form of Health Human Capital

Schultz, T. P. (2002) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/000282802320191598 · Cited by 310

Causality and Endogeneity

Antonakis, J., Bendahan, S., Jacquart, P., & Lalive, R. (2014) · Oxford Handbooks Online · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199755615.013.007 · Cited by 305

Democracy, Volatility, and Economic Development

Mobarak, A. M. (2005) · The Review of Economics and Statistics · doi:10.1162/0034653053970302 · Cited by 294

Quasi-experimental and experimental approaches to environmental economics

Greenstone, M., & Gayer, T. (2008) · Journal of Environmental Economics and Management · doi:10.1016/j.jeem.2008.02.004 · Cited by 290

Help or Hindrance? The Effects of College Remediation on Academic and Labor Market Outcomes

Martorell, P., & McFarlin, I. (2010) · The Review of Economics and Statistics · doi:10.1162/rest_a_00098 · Cited by 316

Addressing endogeneity in operations management research: Recent developments, common problems, and directions for future research

Lu, G., Ding, X. D., Peng, X., & Chuang, H. H. (2018) · Journal of Operations Management · doi:10.1016/j.jom.2018.10.001 · Cited by 299

Examining the Link between Teacher Wages and Student Outcomes: The Importance of Alternative Labor Market Opportunities and Non-Pecuniary Variation

Loeb, S., & Page, M. (2000) · The Review of Economics and Statistics · doi:10.1162/003465300558894 · Cited by 299

Double trouble: on the value of twins-based estimation of the return to schooling

Bound, J., & Solon, G. (1999) · Economics of Education Review · doi:10.1016/s0272-7757(98)00048-x · Cited by 299

Does delaying kindergarten entrance give children a head start?

Datar, A. (2005) · Economics of Education Review · doi:10.1016/j.econedurev.2004.10.004 · Cited by 296

The demand for cocaine by young adults: a rational addiction approach

Grossman, M. B., & Chaloupka, F. J. (1998) · Journal of Health Economics · doi:10.1016/s0167-6296(97)00046-5 · Cited by 285

Schooling, Capital Constraints, and Entrepreneurial Performance

Parker, S. C., & van Praag, M. (2006) · Journal of Business and Economic Statistics · doi:10.1198/073500106000000215 · Cited by 287

Estimating Local Fiscal Multipliers

Suárez Serrato, J. C., & Wingender, P. (2016) · doi:10.3386/w22425 · Cited by 270

Corporate‐Governance Ratings and Company Performance: A Cross‐European Study

Renders, A., Gaeremynck, A., & Sercu, P. M. F. A. (2010) · Corporate Governance An International Review · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8683.2010.00791.x · Cited by 272

Distance Still Matters: Evidence from Municipal Bond Underwriting

Butler, A. W. (2008) · Review of Financial Studies · doi:10.1093/rfs/hhn002 · Cited by 277

The labor market impact of immigration in Western Germany in the 1990s

D’Amuri, F., Ottaviano, G. I. P., & Peri, G. (2009) · European Economic Review · doi:10.1016/j.euroecorev.2009.10.002 · Cited by 279

Instrumental Variable Estimation in Social Work Research: A Technique for Estimating Causal Effects in Nonrandomized Settings

Rose, R. A., & Stone, S. I. (2011) · Journal of the Society for Social Work and Research · doi:10.5243/jsswr.2011.4 · Cited by 18

Instrumental Variable Estimation of Tourism Demand: Comparing Level Versus Change-Rate ModelsPreprint

Min, C.-K. (2012) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.2174241

Historical Instruments and Contemporary Endogenous RegressorsPreprint

Casey, G. P., & Klemp, M. (2021) · doi:10.36934/wecon:2021-02 · Cited by 3

Looking again at instrumental variable estimation of wage models in the gender wage gap literature

Kunze, A. (2004) · Research in labor economics · doi:10.1016/s0147-9121(01)20049-1 · Cited by 2

Instrumental Variable Estimation of a Characteristics Model of Demand

Pudney, S. E. (1981) · The Review of Economic Studies · doi:10.2307/2297155 · Cited by 18