The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Procedures for Comparing Samples with Multiple Endpoints
Abstract
Five procedures are considered for the comparison of two or more multivariate samples. These procedures include a newly proposed nonparametric rank-sum test and a generalized least squares test. Also considered are the following tests: ordinary least squares, Hotelling's T2, and a Bonferroni per-experiment error-rate approach. Applications are envisaged in which each variable represents a qualitatively different measure of response to treatment. The null hypothesis of no treatment difference is tested with power directed towards alternatives in which at least one treatment is uniformly better than the others. In all simulations the nonparametric procedure provided relatively good power and accurate control over the size of the test, and is recommended for general use. Alternatively, the generalized least squares procedure may also be useful with normally distributed data in moderate or large samples. A convenient expression for this procedure is obtained and its asymptotic relative efficiency with respect to the ordinary least squares test is evaluated.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cited by
Experimental Analysis of Neighborhood Effects
Kling, J. R., Liebman, J. B., & Katz, L. F. (2007) · Econometrica · doi:10.1111/j.1468-0262.2007.00733.x · Cited by 2,719
Yudkin, J. S., Stehouwer, C. D. A., Emeis, J. J., & Coppack, S. W. (1999) · Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.19.4.972 · Cited by 2,465
Anderson, M. L. (2008) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.1198/016214508000000841 · Cited by 2,410
Do multiple outcome measures require p-value adjustment?
Feise, R. J. (2002) · BMC Medical Research Methodology · doi:10.1186/1471-2288-2-8 · Cited by 1,299
Pleiotropy in complex traits: challenges and strategies
Solovieff, N., Cotsapas, C., Lee, P. H., Purcell, S. M., & Smoller, J. W. (2013) · Nature Reviews Genetics · doi:10.1038/nrg3461 · Cited by 1,085
Adjusted P-Values for Simultaneous Inference
Wright, S. P. (1992) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2532694 · Cited by 1,026
Early Childhood Intervention and Life-Cycle Skill Development: Evidence from Head Start
Deming, D. (2009) · American Economic Journal: Applied Economics · doi:10.1257/app.1.3.111 · Cited by 695
Drossman, D. A., Toner, B. B., Whitehead, W. E., Diamant, N. E., Dalton, C. B., Duncan, S., Emmott, S., Proffitt, V., Akman, D., Frusciante, K., et al. (2003) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1016/s0016-5085(03)00669-3 · Cited by 614
Frison, L., & Pocock, S. J. (1992) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.4780111304 · Cited by 593
Waters, J. H., Gottlieb, A., Schoenwald, P., Popovich, M. J., Sprung, J., & Nelson, D. R. (2001) · Anesthesia & Analgesia · doi:10.1097/00000539-200110000-00004 · Cited by 410
Lachin, J. M., McGee, P., Palmer, J. P., & for the DCCT/EDIC Research Group (2014) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db13-0881 · Cited by 283
Blumenthal, J. A., Sherwood, A., Smith, P. J., Watkins, L., Mabe, S., Kraus, W. E., Ingle, K., Miller, P., & Hinderliter, A. (2016) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.115.018926 · Cited by 257
Hammack, J. E., Michalak, J. C., Loprinzi, C. L., Sloan, J. A., Novotny, P. J., Soori, G. S., Tirona, M. T., Rowland, K. M., Stella, P. J., & Johnson, J. A. (2002) · Pain · doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(02)00047-7 · Cited by 231
Diener, H., Pfaffenrath, V, Pageler, L., Peil, H., & Aicher, B. (2005) · Cephalalgia · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2982.2005.00948.x · Cited by 223
Pocock, S. J. (1997) · Controlled Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/s0197-2456(97)00008-1 · Cited by 184
Smith, P. J., Need, A. C., Cirulli, E. T., Chiba-Falek, O., & Attix, D. K. (2013) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/13803395.2013.771618 · Cited by 176
Muennig, P., Schweinhart, L., Montie, J., & Neidell, M. (2009) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2008.148353 · Cited by 168
Statistical methods to detect pleiotropy in human complex traits
Hackinger, S., & Zeggini, E. (2017) · Open Biology · doi:10.1098/rsob.170125 · Cited by 143
Yang, Q., Wu, H., Guo, C., & Fox, C. S. (2010) · Genetic Epidemiology · doi:10.1002/gepi.20497 · Cited by 142
Global tests for multiple binary outcomes
Lefkopoulou, M., & Ryan, L. (1993) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2532240 · Cited by 114
Muennig, P., Robertson, D., Johnson, G., Campbell, F., Pungello, E. P., & Neidell, M. (2011) · American Journal of Public Health · doi:10.2105/ajph.2010.200063 · Cited by 115
Jarrett, M. E., Burr, R. L., Cain, K. C., Hertig, V., Weisman, P., & Heitkemper, M. M. (2003) · Digestive Diseases and Sciences · doi:10.1023/a:1021904216312 · Cited by 94
Coopmans, C., Zhou, T. L., Henry, R. M. A., Heijman, J., Schaper, N. C., Koster, A., Schram, M. T., van der Kallen, C. J. H., Wesselius, A., den Engelsman, R. J. A., et al. (2020) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc19-2367 · Cited by 93
The Effects of MK‐0677, an Oral Growth Hormone Secretagogue, in Patients with Hip Fracture
Bach, M. A., Rockwood, K., Zetterberg, C., Thamsborg, G., Hébert, R., Devogelaer, J., Christiansen, J. S., Rizzoli, R., Ochsner, J. L., Beisaw, N., et al. (2004) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2004.52156.x · Cited by 83
Closed Testing Procedures for Group Sequential Clinical Trials with Multiple Endpoints
Tang, D., & Geller, N. L. (1999) · Biometrics · doi:10.1111/j.0006-341x.1999.01188.x · Cited by 81
Davidson, K., Tyrer, P., Gumley, A., Tata, P., Norrie, J., Palmer, S., Millar, H., Drummond, L., Seivewright, H., Murray, H., et al. (2006) · Journal of Personality Disorders · doi:10.1521/pedi.2006.20.5.431 · Cited by 67
Rapp, S. R., Luchsinger, J. A., Baker, L. D., Blackburn, G. L., Hazuda, H. P., Demos‐McDermott, K. E., Jeffery, R. W., Keller, J. N., McCaffery, J. M., Pajewski, N. M., et al. (2017) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.14692 · Cited by 62
Bell, K. R., Brockway, J. A., Hart, T., Whyte, J., Sherer, M., Fraser, R. T., Temkin, N. R., & Dikmen, S. S. (2011) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2011.05.018 · Cited by 57
Neurocognitive changes after lung transplantation
Smith, P. J., Rivelli, S., Waters, A., Reynolds, J., Hoyle, A., Flowers, M., Davis, R. D., Palmer, S. M., Mathew, J., Durheim, M., et al. (2014) · Annals of the American Thoracic Society · doi:10.1513/annalsats.201406-232oc · Cited by 60
Sherwood, A., Blumenthal, J. A., Koch, G. G., Hoffman, B. M., Watkins, L. L., Smith, P. J., O’Connor, C. M., Adams, K. F., Rogers, J. G., Sueta, C., et al. (2017) · Circulation: Heart Failure · doi:10.1161/circheartfailure.116.003410 · Cited by 55
Dagtekin, O., Gerbershagen, H. J., Wagner, W., Petzke, F., Radbruch, L., & Sabatowski, R. (2007) · Anesthesia & Analgesia · doi:10.1213/01.ane.0000281078.65585.1e · Cited by 47
Autonomic nervous system function during sleep among women with irritable bowel syndrome
Jarrett, M. E., Burr, R. L., Cain, K. C., Rothermel, J. D., Landis, C. A., & Heitkemper, M. M. (2008) · Digestive Diseases and Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10620-007-9943-9 · Cited by 46
Sherwood, A., Blumenthal, J. A., Smith, P. J., Watkins, L. L., Hoffman, B. M., & Hinderliter, A. L. (2016) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000000301 · Cited by 44
Franko, A., von Kleist-Retzow, J. C., Böse, M., Sanchez-Lasheras, C., Brodesser, S., Krut, O., Kunz, W. S., Wiedermann, D., Hoehn, M., Stöhr, O., et al. (2012) · Journal of Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00109-012-0887-y · Cited by 39
Vickerstaff, V., Ambler, G., & Omar, R. Z. (2021) · Biometrical Journal · doi:10.1002/bimj.201900040 · Cited by 26
A program evaluation of an in-school daily physical activity initiative for children and youth
Bremer, E., Graham, J. D., Veldhuizen, S., & Cairney, J. (2018) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-018-5943-2 · Cited by 23
PSEA: Phenotype Set Enrichment Analysis—A New Method for Analysis of Multiple Phenotypes
Ried, J. S., Döring, A., Oexle, K., Meisinger, C., Winkelmann, J., Klopp, N., Meitinger, T., Peters, A., Suhre, K., Wichmann, H. ‐., et al. (2012) · Genetic Epidemiology · doi:10.1002/gepi.21617 · Cited by 21
Metadata
- Authors
- O'Brien, P. C.
- Venue
- Biometrics
- Publisher
- JSTOR
- Published
- 1984-12
- Volume
- 40
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1079
- ISSN
- 0006-341X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2138839431
- Cited by
- 1,162
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 2.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
