The DOI matches its Crossref record; 70 of the 71 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A Temporally Based Framework and Taxonomy of Team Processes
Abstract
In this article we examine the meaning of team process. We first define team process in the context of a multiphase episodic framework related to goal accomplishment, arguing that teams are multitasking units that perform multiple processes simultaneously and sequentially to orchestrate goal-directed taskwork. We then advance a taxonomy of team process dimensions synthesized from previous research and theorizing. a taxonomy that reflects our time-based conceptual framework. We conclude with implications for future research and application.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Although individual team members might react differently to working in a virtual team, multi-level theory suggests that team members collectively develop shared experiences, called team emergent states159,160.”
From Understanding and shaping the future of work with self-determination theory (2022) · cites this paper as [160]
In the citing paper
“these self-report methods have limitations, particularly in scalability and providing an emergent, temporal insight into cohesion dynamics (Marks et al., 2001).”
From An unobtrusive approach to modelling team cohesion and collaboration in ecological classroom settings (2026) · cites this paper as Marks et al., 2001
In the citing paper
“defining it as an emergent state, a dynamic temporal component, that is altered with team experiences.”
From Interpersonal Physiological Synchrony Predicts Group Cohesion (2022) · cites this paper as Marks et al., 2001
Citations
Cites
Advances In Experimental Social Psychology
(2022) · Advances in experimental social psychology · doi:10.1016/s0065-2601(22)x0002-6 · Cited by 22,559
Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology.
Hammer, T. H., Anderson, J. F., Gurdon, M. A., Jick, T. D., Petit, A., Stern, R. N., Schwartz, H., Vardi, Y., & Dunnette, M. D. (1977) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2391755 · Cited by 11,947
Research in Organizational Behavior.
Grimes, A. J., Cummings, L. L., & Staw, B. M. (1986) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2392975 · Cited by 11,303
Stockton, R. A., & Kerlinger, F. N. (1974) · American Educational Research Journal · doi:10.2307/1162206 · Cited by 7,359
Developmental sequence in small groups.
Tuckman, B. W. (1965) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/h0022100 · Cited by 5,778
Handbook of industrial and organizational psychology
(1993) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.30-5278 · Cited by 5,483
A Theory of Goal Setting and Task Performance
Tosi, H. L., Locke, E. A., & Latham, G. P. (1991) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.2307/258875 · Cited by 4,840
Ireland, R. D., Elfring, T., & Hmieleski, K. M. (2011) · Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks · doi:10.4337/9781849807630.00017 · Cited by 4,777
Tosi, H. L. (1991) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.1991.4278976 · Cited by 4,147
A multimethod examination of the benefits and detriments of intragroup conflict
Jehn, K. A. (1995) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2393638 · Cited by 4,050
What Makes Teams Work: Group Effectiveness Research from the Shop Floor to the Executive Suite
Cohen, S. G., & Bailey, D. E. (1997) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/014920639702300303 · Cited by 3,526
Groups: Interaction and Performance.
Polley, R. B., & McGrath, J. E. (1984) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2393041 · Cited by 3,268
Foundations of Behavioral Research
Buttram, J. B. (1967) · Journal of Music Therapy · doi:10.1093/jmt/4.4.144-a · Cited by 2,969
TIME AN TRANSITION IN WORK TEAMS: TOWARD A NEW MODEL OF GROUP DEVELOPMENT.
Gersick, C. J. G. (1988) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.2307/256496 · Cited by 2,338
Goal constructs in psychology: Structure, process, and content.
Austin, J. T., & Vancouver, J. B. (1996) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.120.3.338 · Cited by 2,319
Many Hands Make Light the Work: The Causes and Consequences of Social Loafing
Latané, B., Williams, K., & Harkins, S. (1979) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.37.6.822 · Cited by 2,216
Campion, M. A., Medsker, G. J., & Higgs, A. C. (1993) · Personnel Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.1993.tb01571.x · Cited by 2,189
Adapting to Environmental Jolts
Meyer, A. D. (1982) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2392528 · Cited by 1,980
Simons, T. L., & Peterson, R. S. (2000) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.85.1.102 · Cited by 1,846
Groups in Context: A Model of Task Group Effectiveness
Ancona, D. G. (1984) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.2307/2392936 · Cited by 1,783
Interaction Process Analysis: A Method for the Study of Small Groups.
Greenwood, E. C. V., & Bales, R. F. (1950) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2086941 · Cited by 1,673
水口, 礼. (2017) · The SAGE Encyclopedia of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 2nd edition · doi:10.4135/9781483386874.n283 · Cited by 1,455
The relation between group cohesiveness and performance: An integration.
Mullen, B., & Copper, C. (1994) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.115.2.210 · Cited by 1,398
Personality, affect, and behavior in groups
George, J. M. (1990) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.75.2.107 · Cited by 1,372
Hackman, J. R., & Morris, C. G. (1975) · Advances in experimental social psychology · doi:10.1016/s0065-2601(08)60248-8 · Cited by 1,346
Team Effectiveness and Decision Making in Organizations
Guzzo, R. A., & Salas, E. (1995) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,238
MAKING USE OF DIFFERENCE: DIVERSITY, DEBATE, AND DECISION COMPREHENSIVENESS IN TOP MANAGEMENT TEAMS.
Simons, T., Pelled, L. H., & Smith, K. A. (1999) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.2307/256987 · Cited by 1,235
Time, Interaction, and Performance (TIP)
McGrath, J. E. (1991) · Small Group Research · doi:10.1177/1046496491222001 · Cited by 1,020
Progress In Small Group Research
Levine, J. M., & Moreland, R. L. (1990) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.ps.41.020190.003101 · Cited by 946
MARKING TIME: PREDICTABLE TRANSITIONS IN TASK GROUPS.
Gersick, C. J. G. (1989) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.2307/256363 · Cited by 926
Teams: Their Training and Performance
Swezey, R. W., & Salas, E. (1992) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 891
Stevens, M. J., & Campion, M. A. (1994) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1016/0149-2063(94)90025-6 · Cited by 887
Efficacy-Performance Spirals: A Multilevel Perspective
Lindsley, D. H., Brass, D. J., & Thomas, J. B. (1995) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.1995.9508080333 · Cited by 858
Complex interdependence in task-performing groups.
Saavedra, R., Earley, P. C., & Dyne, L. V. (1993) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.78.1.61 · Cited by 770
ROLE STRESSORS, MOOD SPILLOVER, AND PERCEPTIONS OF WORK-FAMILY CONFLICT IN EMPLOYED PARENTS.
WILLIAMS, K. J., & Alliger, G. M. (1994) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.2307/256602 · Cited by 735
Group performance and intergroup relations in organizations.
Guzzo, R. A., & Shea, G. P. (1992) · Cited by 692
Planning, Shared Mental Models, and Coordinated Performance: An Empirical Link Is Established
Stout, R. J., Cannon‐Bowers, J. A., Eduardo Salas, A., & Milanovich, D. M. (1999) · Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society · doi:10.1518/001872099779577273 · Cited by 670
Composition, process, and performance in self-managed groups: The role of personality.
Barry, B., & Stewart, G. L. (1997) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.82.1.62 · Cited by 619
Stuck, B. W., & Arthurs, E. (1987) · Int. CMG Conference · Cited by 567
Time Scales and Organizational Theory
Zaheer, S., Albert, S. M., & Zaheer, A. (1999) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.1999.2553250 · Cited by 433
A REVIEW OF THE INFLUENCE OF GROUP GOALS ON GROUP PERFORMANCE.
O’Leary-Kelly, A. M., Martocchio, J. J., & Frink, D. D. (1994) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.2307/256673 · Cited by 393
A motivational investigation of group effectiveness using social-cognitive theory.
Prussia, G. E., & Kinicki, A. J. (1996) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.81.2.187 · Cited by 357
HYATT, D. E., & Ruddy, T. M. (1997) · Personnel Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.1997.tb00703.x · Cited by 291
Jones, G. R. (1984) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.1984.4277404 · Cited by 283
A Conceptual Framework for Teamwork Measurement
Dickinson, T. L., & McIntyre, R. M. (1997) · doi:10.4324/9781410602053-9 · Cited by 272
Implications of Controversy Research for Management
Tjosvold, D. (1985) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/014920638501100303 · Cited by 270
Effects of time limits and task types on task performance and interaction of four-person groups.
Kelly, J. R., & McGrath, J. E. (1985) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.49.2.395 · Cited by 255
Processes that mediate the relationship between a group goal and improved group performance.
Weldon, E., Jehn, K. A., & Pradhan, P. (1991) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.61.4.555 · Cited by 209
Effects of time limits and task types on task performance and interaction of four-person groups.
Kelly, J. R., & McGrath, J. E. (1985) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.49.2.395 · Cited by 195
Tesluk, P. E., & Mathieu, J. E. (1999) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.84.2.200 · Cited by 194
Self-citationA Normative Model of Work Team Effectiveness
Hackman, J. R. (1983) · Cited by 188
Managing conflict with a subordinate or a superior: Effectiveness of conglomerated behavior.
de Vliert, E. V., Euwema, M., & Huismans, S. E. (1995) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.80.2.271 · Cited by 184
Organizational Behavior: Group Structure, Process, and Effectiveness
Gist, M. E., Locke, E. A., & Taylor, M. S. (1987) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/014920638701300204 · Cited by 156
Toward a taxonomy of team performance functions.
Fleishman, E. A., & Zaccaro, S. J. (1992) · Cited by 142
Self-citationResearch in Personnel and Human Resources Management
Martocchio, J. J., & University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (2007) · Research in personnel and human resources management · doi:10.1016/s0742-7301(2007)26 · Cited by 140
Understanding Team Performance: A Multimethod Study
Brannick, M. Τ., Roach, R. M., & Salas, E. (1993) · Human Performance · doi:10.1207/s15327043hup0604_1 · Cited by 138
Task and aggregation issues in the analysis and assessment of team performance.
Tesluk, P. E., Mathieu, J. E., Zaccaro, S. J., & Marks, M. A. (1997) · doi:10.4324/9781410602053-18 · Cited by 138
Self-citationTeam Workload: Its Meaning and Measurement
Bowers, C. A., Braun, C. C., & Morgan, B. (1997) · doi:10.4324/9781410602053-12 · Cited by 105
Team Dimensions: Their Identity, Their Measurement and Their Relationships
Nieva, V. F., Fleishman, E. A., & Rieck, A. (1985) · doi:10.21236/ada149662 · Cited by 100
Jentsch, F. G., Barnett, J. S., Bowers, C. A., & Eduardo Salas, A. (1999) · Human Factors The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society · doi:10.1518/001872099779577237 · Cited by 87
TEMPO: A Time-based System for Analysis of Group Interaction Process
Futoran, G. C., Kelly, J. R., & McGrath, J. E. (1989) · Basic and Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1207/s15324834basp1003_2 · Cited by 82
McGrath, J. E. (1993) · Small Group Research · doi:10.1177/1046496493243002 · Cited by 64
Mathieu, J. E., & Button, S. B. (1992) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.1992.tb00975.x · Cited by 60
Self-citationTeam Performance Measurement in Distributed Environments: The TARGETs Methodology
Dwyer, D. J., Fowlkes, J., Oser, R. L., Eduardo Salas, A., & Lane, N. E. (1997) · doi:10.4324/9781410602053-15 · Cited by 58
Bowers, C. A., Baker, D. P., & Salas, E. (1994) · Military Psychology · doi:10.1207/s15327876mp0604_1 · Cited by 51
Organizational Development through Teambuilding
Patten, T. H. (1981) · Andalas University Repository (Andalas University) · Cited by 32
Designing Effective Work Groups.
Ash, R. A., & Goodman, P. S. (1988) · Industrial and Labor Relations Review · doi:10.2307/2523190 · Cited by 29
Symlog Case Study Kit: With Instructions for a Group Self Study
Bales, R. F. (1980) · Cited by 29
Personalized and Depersonalized Conflict in Small Group Discussions
Pace, R. C. (1990) · Small Group Research · doi:10.1177/1046496490211006 · Cited by 24
Information Technology and High-Performance Teams
Bikson, T. K., Cohen, S. G., & Mankin, D. (1999) · Cited by 3
Cited by
Sorted by citations
THE ANTECEDENTS, CONSEQUENCES, AND MEDIATING ROLE OF ORGANIZATIONAL AMBIDEXTERITY.
Gibson, C. B., & Birkinshaw, J. (2004) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.2307/20159573 · Cited by 3,951
Knowledge sharing: A review and directions for future research
Wang, S., & Noe, R. A. (2009) · Human Resource Management Review · doi:10.1016/j.hrmr.2009.10.001 · Cited by 3,076
Enhancing the Effectiveness of Work Groups and Teams
Kozlowski, S. W. J., & Ilgen, D. R. (2006) · Psychological Science in the Public Interest · doi:10.1111/j.1529-1006.2006.00030.x · Cited by 2,623
A New Model of Work Role Performance: Positive Behavior in Uncertain and Interdependent Contexts
Griffin, M. A., Neal, A., & Parker, S. K. (2007) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.5465/amj.2007.24634438 · Cited by 2,533
Team Effectiveness 1997-2007: A Review of Recent Advancements and a Glimpse Into the Future
Mathieu, J. E., Maynard, M. T., Rapp, T. L., & Gilson, L. L. (2008) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/0149206308316061 · Cited by 2,622
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Marks, M. A., Mathieu, J. E., & Zaccaro, S. J.
- Affiliations
- Florida International University (US)
- University of Connecticut (US)
- George Mason University (US)
- Venue
- The Academy of Management Review
- Publisher
- Academy of Management
- Published
- 2001-07
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 356
- ISSN
- 0363-7425 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1981712955
- Cited by
- 3,659
- References
- 71
- Citations by year
- 2026: 188 · 2025: 192 · 2024: 214 · 2023: 217 · 2022: 227 · 2021: 234 · 2020: 225 · 2019: 210 · 2018: 205 · 2017: 214 · 2016: 167 · 2015: 184 · 2014: 187 · 2013: 162 · 2012: 179
- FWCI
- 37.34
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Academy of Management Review (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Team Dynamics and Performance
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Strategy and Management › Leadership and Management in Organizations
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior
- Keywords
- team processes, goal achievement, multitasking, taskwork, goal-directed behavior, team dynamics
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review