Altered Response of Skeletal Muscle to IL-6 in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Open accessAbstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) has a dual role in modulating insulin sensitivity, with evidence for this cytokine as both an enhancer and inhibitor of insulin action. We determined the effect of IL-6 exposure on glucose and lipid metabolism in cultured myotubes established from people with normal glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes. Acute IL-6 exposure increased glycogen synthesis, glucose uptake, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation in cultured myotubes from normal glucose tolerant subjects. However, in type 2 diabetic patients, IL-6 was without effect on glucose metabolism and STAT3 signaling, concomitant with increased suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) expression. IL-6 increased fatty acid oxidation in myotubes from type 2 diabetic and normal glucose tolerant subjects. Expression of IL-6, IL-6 receptor (IL-6R), or glycoprotein 130, as well as IL-6 secretion, was unaltered between cultured myotubes from normal glucose tolerant or type 2 diabetic subjects. Circulating serum IL-6 concentration was unaltered between normal glucose tolerant and type 2 diabetic subjects. In summary, skeletal muscle cells from type 2 diabetic patients display selective IL-6 resistance for glucose rather than lipid metabolism. In conclusion, IL-6 appears to play a differential role in regulating metabolism in type 2 diabetic patients compared with normal glucose tolerant subjects.
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Effects of IL-6 on glucose metabolism are largely attributed to exercise-mediated activation of AMPK, an effect not observed for IL-6 released in context of T2DM.
“The effects of IL-6 on glucose metabolism are largely attributed to the exercise-mediated activation of AMPK, an effect that is not observed for IL-6 released in the context of T2DM [47].”
From Exercise-Induced Muscle–Fat Crosstalk: Molecular Mediators and Their Pharmacological Modulation for the Maintenance of Metabolic Flexibility in Aging (2025) · cites this paper as [47]
The Results (IL-6 activation of intracellular signaling pathways; page unavailable) report that IL-6 increased AMPK phosphorylation to a similar extent in myotubes from subjects with normal glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes. The Discussion likewise says this AMPK response was preserved in type 2 diabetes. Although IL-6’s effects on glucose uptake and glycogen synthesis were impaired, the claimed absence of AMPK activation is contrary to the paper. (LLM, conf=0.90)
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- Authors
- Jiang, L. Q., Duque-Guimaraes, D. E., Machado, U. F., Zierath, J. R., & Krook, A.
- Affiliations
- Karolinska Institutet (SE)
- Universidade de São Paulo (BR)
- Corresponding author
- Krook, Anna
- Venue
- Diabetes
- Publisher
- American Diabetes Association
- Published
- 2013-01-17
- Volume
- 62
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 355-361
- ISSN
- 0012-1797 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-327X
- PMC
- PMC3554367
- OpenAlex
- W2118235554
- Cited by
- 65
- References
- 45
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 6
- FWCI
- 5.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Diabetes (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Petrus och Augusta Hedlunds Stiftelse
- Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo
- Karolinska Institutet
- Novo Nordisk
- Vetenskapsrådet
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cytokine Signaling Pathways and Interactions
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
- Keywords
- interleukin-6, type 2 diabetes, skeletal muscle, myotubes, insulin resistance, glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism, STAT3 signaling, SOCS3, glycogen synthesis, glucose uptake, fatty acid oxidation, IL-6 receptor, gp130, cytokine resistance
- MeSH terms
- Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 Protein, Animals, Cells, Cultured, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Fatty Acids, Female, Glucose, Glycogen, Glycoproteins, Humans, Insulin Resistance, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Middle Aged, Phosphorylation, Interleukin-6, Muscle, Skeletal, Muscle Fibers, Skeletal, Receptors, Interleukin-6, STAT3 Transcription Factor, Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins, Mice
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