Cited by 391Spaceflight effects on biologyMuscle Physiology and DisordersCardiovascular and exercise physiology

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One Week of Bed Rest Leads to Substantial Muscle Atrophy and Induces Whole-Body Insulin Resistance in the Absence of Skeletal Muscle Lipid Accumulation

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Dirks, Marlou L., Wall, Benjamin T., van de Valk, Bas, Holloway, Tanya M., Holloway, Graham P., Chabowski, Adrian, Goossens, Gijs H., van Loon, Luc J.C.·2016·Diabetes

DOI 10.2337/db15-1661

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Abstract

Short (<10 days) periods of muscle disuse, often necessary for recovery from illness or injury, lead to various negative health consequences. The current study investigated mechanisms underlying disuse-induced insulin resistance, taking into account muscle atrophy. Ten healthy, young males (age: 23 ± 1 years; BMI: 23.0 ± 0.9 kg · m−2) were subjected to 1 week of strict bed rest. Prior to and after bed rest, lean body mass (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) and quadriceps cross-sectional area (CSA; computed tomography) were assessed, and peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) and leg strength were determined. Whole-body insulin sensitivity was measured using a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. Additionally, muscle biopsies were collected to assess muscle lipid (fraction) content and various markers of mitochondrial and vascular content. Bed rest resulted in 1.4 ± 0.2 kg lean tissue loss and a 3.2 ± 0.9% decline in quadriceps CSA (both P < 0.01). VO2peak and one-repetition maximum declined by 6.4 ± 2.3 (P < 0.05) and 6.9 ± 1.4% (P < 0.01), respectively. Bed rest induced a 29 ± 5% decrease in whole-body insulin sensitivity (P < 0.01). This was accompanied by a decline in muscle oxidative capacity, without alterations in skeletal muscle lipid content or saturation level, markers of oxidative stress, or capillary density. In conclusion, 1 week of bed rest substantially reduces skeletal muscle mass and lowers whole-body insulin sensitivity, without affecting mechanisms implicated in high-fat diet–induced insulin resistance.

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Authors: Dirks, M. L., Wall, B. T., van de Valk, B., Holloway, T. M., Holloway, G. P., Chabowski, A., Goossens, G. H., & van Loon, L. J. C.
Affiliations: Maastricht University Medical Centre (NL)
University of Guelph (CA)
Medical University of Białystok (PL)
Corresponding author: van Loon, Luc J.C.
ORCID: Dirks, Marlou L.
Wall, Benjamin T.
van de Valk, Bas
Holloway, Graham P.
Chabowski, Adrian
Goossens, Gijs H.
van Loon, Luc J.C.
Venue: Diabetes
Publisher: American Diabetes Association
Published: 2016-06-29
Volume: 65
Issue: 10
Pages: 2862-2875
ISSN: 0012-1797 (ISSN-L)
1939-327X
DOI: 10.2337/db15-1661
OpenAlex: W2473671273
Cited by: 391
References: 64
Citations by year: 2026: 30 · 2025: 32 · 2024: 40 · 2023: 47 · 2022: 39 · 2021: 52 · 2020: 48 · 2019: 41 · 2018: 31 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 7
FWCI: 27.35
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
cris.maastrichtuniversity.nl
Licence: other-oa
www.diabetesjournals.org/content/license (vor, 85 d)
Locations: Diabetes (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Research Publications (Maastricht University) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
Open Research Exeter (University of Exeter) (acceptedVersion)
Research Bank (Australian Catholic University) (submittedVersion)
Figshare (submittedVersion)
Socio-Environmental Systems Modeling (submittedVersion)
VUBIR (Vrije Universiteit Brussel) (submittedVersion)
Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Proceedings of The Physiological Society
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Spaceflight effects on biology
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
Keywords: bed rest, muscle disuse, muscle atrophy, insulin resistance, lean mass loss, quadriceps cross-sectional area, peak oxygen uptake, leg strength, mitochondrial oxidative capacity, capillary density, oxidative stress, hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp
MeSH terms: Adult, Bed Rest, Humans, Insulin Resistance, Male, Muscular Atrophy, Glucose Clamp Technique, Absorptiometry, Photon, Muscle, Skeletal, Quadriceps Muscle, Young Adult, Diet, High-Fat

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One Week of Bed Rest Leads to Substantial Muscle Atrophy and Induces Whole-Body Insulin Resistance in the Absence of Skeletal Muscle Lipid Accumulation

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