Prevalence and determinants of gestational diabetes mellitus in Africa based on the updated international diagnostic criteria: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Open accessAbstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a major public health problem and threat to maternal and child health in Africa. No prior review has been conducted in Africa using the updated GDM diagnostic criteria. Therefore, this review aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence and determinants of GDM in Africa by using current international diagnostic criteria. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted by comprehensive search of the published studies in Africa. Electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Google Scholar, CINAHL, Web of Science, Science direct and African Journals Online) were searched using relevant search terms. Data were extracted on an excel sheet and Stata/ SE 14.0 software was used to perform the meta-analysis. Heterogeneity of included studies were assessed using I2 and Q test statistics. I2 > 50% and Q test with its respective p-value < 0.05 were suggestive for the presence of a significant heterogeneity. Publication bias was assessed using the Egger‘s regression test and funnel plot. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were done. A random effects model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of GDM and odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). A total of 23 studies were included in the final analysis. The pooled prevalence of GDM in Africa was 13.61% (95% CI: 10.99, 16.23; I2 = 96.1%), and 14.28% (95% CI, 11.39, 17.16; I2 = 96.4%) in the sub-Saharan African region. The prevalence was highest in Central Africa 20.4% (95% CI, 1.55, 38.54), and lowest in Northern Africa 7.57% (95% CI, 5.89, 9.25) sub- regions. Overweight and obesity, macrosomia, family history of diabetes, history of stillbirth, history of abortion, chronic hypertension and history of previous GDM had positively associated with GDM. The prevalence of GDM is high in Africa. Being overweighed and/or obese, ever had macrocosmic baby, family history of diabetes, history of stillbirth, history of abortion or miscarriage, chronic hypertension and history of previous GDM were factors associated with GDM. Preventing overweighed and obese, giving due attention to women having high-risk cases for GDM in pregnancy are strongly recommended to mitigate the burden. PROSPERO (2018: CRD42018116843 ).
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The highest gestational diabetes mellitus prevalence in Africa was in Central Africa at 20.4% (95% CI: 1.55-38.54).
“and the highest was in Central Africa at 20.4% (95% CI: 1.55–38.54) [34].”
From Evolution of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus across Continents in 21st Century (2022) · cites this paper as [34]
The pooled prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus in sub-Saharan Africa was 14.28% (95% CI: 11.39-17.16; I2 = 96.4%).
“and 14.28% (95% CI: 11.39–17.16; I2 = 96.4%) in subSaharan countries.”
From Evolution of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus across Continents in 21st Century (2022) · cites this paper as [34]
The pooled prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus in Africa was 13.61% (95% CI: 10.99-16.23; I2 = 96.1%).
“According to them, the pooled prevalence of GDM in Africa was 13.61% (OR: 95%CI: 10.99–16.23; I2 = 96.1%)”
From Evolution of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus across Continents in 21st Century (2022) · cites this paper as [34]
The lowest gestational diabetes mellitus prevalence in Africa was in Northern Africa at 7.57% (95% CI: 5.89-9.25).
“The lowest prevalence was in Northern Africa at 7.57% (95% CI: 5.89–9.25)”
From Evolution of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus across Continents in 21st Century (2022) · cites this paper as [34]
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- Authors
- Muche, A. A., Olayemi, O. O., & Gete, Y. K.
- Affiliations
- University of Ibadan (NG)
- University of Gondar (ET)
- Corresponding author
- Muche, Achenef Asmamaw
- Venue
- Archives of Public Health
- Published
- 2019-08-06
- Volume
- 77
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 36-36
- ISSN
- 0778-7367 (ISSN-L)
- 2049-3258
- PMC
- PMC6683510
- OpenAlex
- W2965977595
- Cited by
- 128
- References
- 81
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 2
- FWCI
- 2.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Archives of Public Health (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- African Union
- African Union Commission
- Pan African University
- Institute for Life and Earth Sciences, Pan African University
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Gestational Diabetes Research and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Maternal and Neonatal Healthcare
- Keywords
- gestational diabetes mellitus, prevalence, risk factors, obesity, overweight, macrosomia, family history of diabetes, stillbirth, chronic hypertension, previous gestational diabetes, sub-Saharan Africa, Africa, diagnostic criteria, maternal health, child health, health education, health care financing, health system strengthening
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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