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Cited by 209Diabetes and associated disordersDiabetes Management and ResearchDiabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins

Diabetes in Non-Hispanic White Youth

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Bell, Ronny A., Mayer-Davis, Elizabeth J., Beyer, Jennifer W., D'Agostino, Ralph B., Lawrence, Jean M., Linder, Barbara, Liu, Lenna L., Marcovina, Santica M. +4 more·2009·Diabetes Care
DOI 10.2337/dc09-s202PMC PMC2647694
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Abstract

OBJECTIVE—To investigate the incidence, prevalence, and clinical characteristics of diabetes among U.S. non-Hispanic white (NHW) youth. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Data from the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study (SEARCH study), a multicenter study of diabetes among youth aged 0–19 years, were examined. Incidence rates were calculated per 100,000 person-years across 4 incident years (2002–2005), and prevalence in 2001 was calculated per 1,000 youths. Information obtained by questionnaire, physical examination, and blood and urine collection was analyzed to describe the characteristics of youth who completed an in-person visit. RESULTS—The prevalence of type 1 diabetes (at ages 0–19 years) was 2.00/1,000, which was similar for male (2.02/1,000) and female (1.97/1,000) subjects. The incidence of type 1 diabetes was 23.6/100,000, slightly higher for male compared with female subjects (24.5 vs. 22.7 per 100,000, respectively, P = 0.04). Incidence rates of type 1 diabetes among youth aged 0–14 years in the SEARCH study are higher than all previously reported U.S. studies and many European studies. Few cases of type 2 diabetes in youth aged <10 years were found. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes (at ages 10–19 years) was 0.18/1,000, which is significantly higher for female compared with male subjects (0.22 vs. 0.15 per 1,000, P = 0.01). Incidence of type 2 diabetes was 3.7/100,000, with similar rates for female and male subjects (3.9 vs. 3.4 per 1,000, respectively, P = 0.3). High levels of abnormal cardiometabolic and behavioral risk factor profiles were common among youth with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. For example, within each of four age-groups for youth with type 1 diabetes and two age-groups for youth with type 2 diabetes, >40% had elevated LDL cholesterol, and <3% of youth aged >10 years met current recommendations for intake of saturated fat. Among youth aged ≥15 years, 18% with type 1 and 26% with type 2 diabetes were current smokers. CONCLUSIONS—The SEARCH study is one of the most comprehensive studies of diabetes in NHW youth. The incidence of type 1 diabetes in NHW youth in the U.S. is one of the highest in the world. While type 2 diabetes is still relatively rare, rates are several-fold higher than those reported by European countries. We believe efforts directed at improving the cardiometabolic and behavioral risk factor profiles in this population are warranted.

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  • Non-Hispanic white youth with type 1 diabetes had adverse cardiometabolic risk profiles: more than 40% had elevated LDL, fewer than 3% met saturated fat recommendations, and 18% of those aged 15 years or older were current smokers.

    “These youth had adverse cardiometabolic risk profiles (>40% with elevated LDL, <3% met dietary recommendations for saturated fat, and among those ≥15 years of age 18% were current smokers)”

    From Epidemiology of type 1 diabetes (2010) · cites this paper as [36]

  • The type 1 diabetes rates among non-Hispanic white youth are among the highest in the world.

    “The authors conclude that these rates of T1D among non-Hispanic white youth are among the highest in the world.”

    From Epidemiology of type 1 diabetes (2010) · cites this paper as [36]

  • In non-Hispanic white SEARCH youth, type 1 diabetes prevalence was 2.0 per 1,000 and incidence was 23.6 per 100,000, with a slightly higher incidence in males than females (24.5 vs 22.7 per 100,000, p=0.04).

    “In the non-Hispanic white population the prevalence of T1D was 2.0/1,000 and the incidence was 23.6/100,000 (with a slightly higher incidence rate for males than females [24.5 v 22.7 per 100,000, respectively, p=0.04]).”

    From Epidemiology of type 1 diabetes (2010) · cites this paper as [36]

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Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. [12]Ingram DD, Parker JD, Schenker N, Weed JA, Hamilton B, Arias E, Madans JH: United States Census 2000 population with bridged race categories. Vital Health Stat 2: 1 –55, 2003 14556588

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Authors
Bell, R. A., Mayer-Davis, E. J., Beyer, J. W., D'Agostino, R. B., Lawrence, J. M., Linder, B., Liu, L. L., Marcovina, S. M., Rodriguez, B. L., Williams, D., Dabelea, D., & for the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study Group
Affiliations
  • Wake Forest University Health Sciences (US)
  • Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina School of Public Health, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
  • Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
  • Kaiser Permanente (US)
  • National Institutes of Health (US)
  • University of Washington (US)
  • Pacific Health Research Institute, Honolulu, Hawaii
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
  • Department of Preventive Medicine and Biometrics, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado
ORCID
Venue
Diabetes Care
Publisher
American Diabetes Association
Published
2009-03-01
Volume
32
Issue
Supplement_2
Pages
S102-S111
ISSN
  • 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
  • 1935-5548
DOI
10.2337/dc09-s202
PMC
PMC2647694
OpenAlex
W2164396925
Cited by
209
References
53
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 21
FWCI
12.30
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by-nc-nd
Locations
  • Diabetes Care (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (DP‐05‐069, 00097)
  • U.S. Public Health Service (PA 00097)
  • National Center for Research Resources (M01RR008084, M01RR001271, M01RR001070, M01RR000069, M01RR000037)
  • National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (U01 DP-000247, U01-DP000246, U01-DP-000250, U01-DP-000254, U01DP000245, U01 DP000248, DP-05069, U01DP000244)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Diabetes and associated disorders
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
Keywords
type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, youth, non-Hispanic White adolescents, diabetes incidence, diabetes prevalence, SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth, sex differences, LDL cholesterol, saturated fat intake, cardiometabolic risk factors, behavioral risk factors, racial and ethnic disparities, diabetes self-management education
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Child, Child, Preschool, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Socioeconomic Factors, United States, Prevalence, White People, Young Adult

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