Cited by 615Metabolism, Diabetes, and CancerDiabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and LipoproteinsCardiovascular and exercise physiology

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Strength Training Increases Insulin-Mediated Glucose Uptake, GLUT4 Content, and Insulin Signaling in Skeletal Muscle in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

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Holten, Mads K., Zacho, Morten, Gaster, Michael, Juel, Carsten, Wojtaszewski, Jørgen F.P., Dela, Flemming·2004·Diabetes

DOI 10.2337/diabetes.53.2.294

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Abstract

Strength training represents an alternative to endurance training for patients with type 2 diabetes. Little is known about the effect on insulin action and key proteins in skeletal muscle, and the necessary volume of strength training is unknown. A total of 10 type 2 diabetic subjects and 7 healthy men (control subjects) strength-trained one leg three times per week for 6 weeks while the other leg remained untrained. Each session lasted no more than 30 min. After strength training, muscle biopsies were obtained, and an isoglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp combined with arterio-femoral venous catheterization of both legs was carried out. In general, qualitatively similar responses were obtained in both groups. During the clamp, leg blood flow was higher (P < 0.05) in trained versus untrained legs, but despite this, arterio-venous extraction glucose did not decrease in trained legs. Thus, leg glucose clearance was increased in trained legs (P < 0.05) and more than explained by increases in muscle mass. Strength training increased protein content of GLUT4, insulin receptor, protein kinase B-α/β, glycogen synthase (GS), and GS total activity. In conclusion, we found that strength training for 30 min three times per week increases insulin action in skeletal muscle in both groups. The adaptation is attributable to local contraction-mediated mechanisms involving key proteins in the insulin signaling cascade.

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“Additionally, FFA concentrations increased for at least 3–6 h after the exercise (Magkos et al., 2009), and the changed transporters and insulin that affect substrate changes during post-exercise recovery (Holten et al., 2004).”
Background

Authors: Holten, M. K., Zacho, M., Gaster, M., Juel, C., Wojtaszewski, J. F. P., & Dela, F.
Affiliations: University of Copenhagen (DK)
Rigshospitalet (DK)
Odense University Hospital (DK)
ORCID: Zacho, Morten
Juel, Carsten
Wojtaszewski, Jørgen F.P.
Dela, Flemming
Venue: Diabetes
Publisher: American Diabetes Association
Published: 2004-02-01
Volume: 53
Issue: 2
Pages: 294-305
ISSN: 0012-1797 (ISSN-L)
1939-327X
DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.53.2.294
OpenAlex: W2153401503
Cited by: 615
References: 48
Citations by year: 2026: 36 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 38 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 35 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 32 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 37 · 2012: 39
FWCI: 7.70
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Diabetes (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
University of Southern Denmark Research Portal (University of Southern Denmark) (submittedVersion)
Funders: Sundhed og Sygdom, Det Frie Forskningsråd
University of Cambridge
National Research Foundation
Danmarks Grundforskningsfond (504–14)
Diabetesforeningen
Medical Research Council
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
Keywords: resistance training, type 2 diabetes, insulin action, skeletal muscle, GLUT4, insulin signaling, glycogen synthase, Akt, insulin receptor, glucose uptake, glucose clearance, muscle blood flow, training volume
MeSH terms: Biological Transport, Capillaries, Denmark, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Glucose, Glycogen, Humans, Insulin, Leg, Male, Monosaccharide Transport Proteins, Muscle Proteins, Physical Fitness, Reference Values, Tensile Strength, Exercise, Muscle, Skeletal, Muscle Fibers, Skeletal, White People, Glucose Transporter Type 4

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Strength Training Increases Insulin-Mediated Glucose Uptake, GLUT4 Content, and Insulin Signaling in Skeletal Muscle in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

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