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Long-Term Mortality in Nationwide Cohorts of Childhood-Onset Type 1 Diabetes in Japan and Finland

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Asao, Keiko, Sarti, Cinzia, Forsen, Tom, Hyttinen, Valma, Nishimura, Rimei, Matsushima, Masato, Reunanen, Antti, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Tajima, Naoko, for the Diabetes Epidemiology Research International (DERI) Mortality Study Group·2003·Diabetes Care

DOI 10.2337/diacare.26.7.2037PMC PMC3752687

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Abstract

OBJECTIVE—This study compares mortality from type 1 diabetes in Japan and Finland and examines the effects of sex, age at diagnosis, and calendar time period of diagnosis on mortality. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Patients with type 1 diabetes from Japan (n = 1,408) and Finland (n = 5,126), diagnosed from 1965 through 1979, at age <18 years, were followed until 1994. Mortality was estimated with and without adjustment for that of the general population to assess absolute and relative mortality using Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS—Overall mortality rates in Japan and Finland were 607 (95% CI 510–718) and 352 (315–393), respectively, per 100,000 person-years; standardized mortality ratios were 12.9 (10.8–15.3) and 3.7 (3.3–4.1), respectively. Absolute mortality was higher for men than for women in Finland, but relative mortality was higher for women than for men in both cohorts. Absolute mortality was higher in both cohorts among those whose diabetes was diagnosed during puberty, but relative mortality did not show any significant difference by age at diagnosis in either cohort. In Japan, both absolute and relative mortality were higher among those whose diagnosis was in the 1960s rather than the 1970s. CONCLUSIONS—Mortality from type 1 diabetes was higher in Japan compared with Finland. The increased risk of death from type 1 diabetes seems to vary by sex, age at diagnosis, and calendar time period of diagnosis. Further investigation, especially on cause-specific mortality, is warranted in the two countries.

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Authors: Asao, K., Sarti, C., Forsen, T., Hyttinen, V., Nishimura, R., Matsushima, M., Reunanen, A., Tuomilehto, J., Tajima, N., & for the Diabetes Epidemiology Research International (DERI) Mortality Study Group
Affiliations: Jikei University School of Medicine (JP)
Diabetes and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland
Department of Health and Functional Capacity, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Finland
University of Helsinki (FI)
ORCID: Asao, Keiko
Nishimura, Rimei
Matsushima, Masato
Tuomilehto, Jaakko
Venue: Diabetes Care
Publisher: American Diabetes Association
Published: 2003-07-01
Volume: 26
Issue: 7
Pages: 2037-2042
ISSN: 0149-5992 (ISSN-L)
1935-5548
DOI: 10.2337/diacare.26.7.2037
PMC: PMC3752687
OpenAlex: W2121029363
Cited by: 102
References: 42
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 3
FWCI: 1.41
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Diabetes Care (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
STM:n Hallinnonalan avoin julkaisuarkisto (Julkari) (submittedVersion)
Funders: World Health Organization
Novo Nordisk
Novo Nordisk Fonden
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK035905)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Diabetes and associated disorders
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Education
Keywords: type 1 diabetes, childhood-onset diabetes, long-term mortality, sex differences, age at diagnosis, Japan, Finland, standardized mortality ratio, cause-specific mortality
MeSH terms: Child, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Female, Finland, Humans, Japan, Male, Probability, Sex Characteristics, Cohort Studies, Survival Analysis, Age of Onset

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Long-Term Mortality in Nationwide Cohorts of Childhood-Onset Type 1 Diabetes in Japan and Finland

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