Atmospheric radiocarbon for the period 1950–2010
Open accessAbstract
We present a compilation of tropospheric 14 CO 2 for the period 1950–2010, based on published radiocarbon data from selected records of atmospheric CO 2 sampling and tree-ring series. This compilation is a new version of the compilation by Hua and Barbetti (2004) and consists of yearly summer data sets for zonal, hemispheric, and global levels of atmospheric 14 C. In addition, compiled (and extended) monthly data sets for 5 atmospheric zones (3 in the Northern Hemisphere and 2 in the Southern Hemisphere) are reported. The annual data sets are for use in regional and global carbon model calculations, while the extended monthly data sets serve as calibration curves for 14 C dating of recent, short-lived terrestrial organic materials.
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The 14C bomb peak is commonly found in most carbon reservoirs around the globe.
“This ' 14 C bomb peak' (Fig. 2) is commonly found in most carbon reservoirs around the globe (Reimer et al., 2004;Levin et al., 2008;Hua et al., 2013), it provides a high-resolution chronometer for current scientific use, and owing to a relatively long half-life (5730 a) it will in general be detectable as a 'spike' for ~50 000 years into the future.”
From When did the Anthropocene begin? A mid-twentieth century boundary level is stratigraphically optimal (2015) · cites this paper as Hua et al., 2013
The Introduction describes bomb radiocarbon as a tracer of exchanges between carbon reservoirs and the global carbon cycle, while the Zonal Tropospheric ¹⁴CO₂ section documents the atmospheric bomb peak and exchange with oceans and the biosphere. These passages support its presence across major reservoirs, but do not establish that the peak is commonly found in most carbon reservoirs worldwide. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe Turkish pine negative case observation indicates the relevance of specific growing season differences-where present, as in the Jordan example-above, and beyond, the small latitudinal gradient recognized in 14C values.
“This negative case observation indicates the relevance of specific growing season differences—where present, as in the Jordan example—above, and beyond, the small latitudinal gradient recognized in 14C values (5–8).”
From Mediterranean radiocarbon offsets and calendar dates for prehistory (2020) · cites this paper as [7]
The ‘Zonal Tropospheric ¹⁴CO₂’ section says seasonal monsoons affected regional ¹⁴C levels beyond a simple latitudinal pattern. The paper also says values at different locations have been similar since 1973, but describes a large latitudinal gradient during the early bomb period. It does not assess the Turkish pine or Jordan observations; those are the citing authors’ examples, not findings attributable to this source. Page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.78)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe 14C bomb spike peak is diachronous between hemispheres.
“However, the peak is diachronous between hemispheres ( 63 ; Fig. 4B).”
From The Anthropocene is functionally and stratigraphically distinct from the Holocene (2016) · cites this paper as [63]
The Zonal Tropospheric ¹⁴CO₂ section says northern mid-to-high latitudes peaked in 1963–1964 and describes differing ¹⁴C levels across hemispheres. It does not state when the Southern Hemisphere peaked, so the passages do not establish that the peaks occurred at different times (searched for Southern Hemisphere peak dates and a hemispheric time lag). (LLM, conf=0.72)
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The Anthropocene is functionally and stratigraphically distinct from the Holocene
Waters, C. N., Zalasiewicz, J., Summerhayes, C., Barnosky, A. D., Poirier, C., Gałuszka, A., Cearreta, A., Edgeworth, M., Ellis, E. C., Ellis, M., et al. (2016) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aad2622 · Cited by 2,375 · see citing works
When did the Anthropocene begin? A mid-twentieth century boundary level is stratigraphically optimal
Zalasiewicz, J., Waters, C. N., Williams, M., Barnosky, A. D., Cearreta, A., Crutzen, P., Ellis, E., Ellis, M. A., Fairchild, I. J., Grinevald, J., et al. (2015) · Quaternary International · doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2014.11.045 · Cited by 784 · see citing works
Can nuclear weapons fallout mark the beginning of the Anthropocene Epoch?
Waters, C. N., Syvitski, J. P. M., Gałuszka, A., Hancock, G. J., Zalasiewicz, J., Cearreta, A., Grinevald, J., Jeandel, C., McNeill, J. R., Summerhayes, C., et al. (2015) · Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists · doi:10.1177/0096340215581357 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
Tree rings reveal globally coherent signature of cosmogenic radiocarbon events in 774 and 993 CE
Büntgen, U., Wacker, L., Galván, J. D., Arnold, S., Arseneault, D., Baillie, M., Beer, J., Bernabei, M., Bleicher, N., Boswijk, G., et al. (2018) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-018-06036-0 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Rose, N. L. (2015) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/acs.est.5b00543 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Marsh, E. J., Bruno, M. C., Fritz, S. C., Baker, P., Capriles, J. M., & Hastorf, C. A. (2018) · Radiocarbon · doi:10.1017/rdc.2018.16 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Noronha, A. L., Johnson, K. R., Southon, J. R., Hu, C., Ruan, J., & McCabe-Glynn, S. (2015) · Quaternary Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.05.021 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Manning, S. W., Griggs, C., Lorentzen, B., Bronk Ramsey, C., Chivall, D., Jull, A. J. T., & Lange, T. E. (2018) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1719420115 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Hydrological and climatological controls on radiocarbon concentrations in a tropical stalagmite
Lechleitner, F. A., Baldini, J. U. L., Breitenbach, S. F. M., Fohlmeister, J., McIntyre, C., Goswami, B., Jamieson, R. A., van der Voort, T. S., Prufer, K., Marwan, N., et al. (2016) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2016.08.039 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Annual Variation in Atmospheric <sup>14</sup>C Between 1700 BC and 1480 BC
Pearson, C., Wacker, L., Bayliss, A., Brown, D., Salzer, M., Brewer, P., Bollhalder, S., Boswijk, G., & Hodgins, G. (2020) · Radiocarbon · doi:10.1017/rdc.2020.14 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Capano, M., Miramont, C., Guibal, F., Kromer, B., Tuna, T., Fagault, Y., & Bard, E. (2018) · Radiocarbon · doi:10.1017/rdc.2017.83 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Mediterranean radiocarbon offsets and calendar dates for prehistory
Manning, S. W., Kromer, B., Cremaschi, M., Dee, M. W., Friedrich, R., Griggs, C., & Hadden, C. S. (2020) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.aaz1096 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Modelling the 14C bomb-pulse in young speleothems using a soil carbon continuum model
Markowska, M., Fohlmeister, J., Treble, P. C., Baker, A., Andersen, M. S., & Hua, Q. (2019) · Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.gca.2019.04.029 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citationEhrlich, Y., Regev, L., & Boaretto, E. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-29392-9 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
The 1953–1965 rise in Atmospheric bomb <sup>14</sup>C in Central Norway
Svarva, H., Grootes, P., Seiler, M., Stene, S., Thun, T., Værnes, E., & Nadeau, M.-J. (2019) · Radiocarbon · doi:10.1017/rdc.2019.98 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
- Authors
- Hua, Q., Barbetti, M., & Rakowski, A. Z.
- Affiliations
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (AU)
- Naresuan University (TH)
- Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Hua, Quan
- Venue
- Radiocarbon
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2013
- Volume
- 55
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 2059-2072
- ISSN
- 0033-8222 (ISSN-L)
- 1945-5755
- OpenAlex
- W2139388007
- Cited by
- 1,019
- References
- 87
- Citations by year
- 2026: 30 · 2025: 46 · 2024: 38 · 2023: 92 · 2022: 91 · 2021: 120 · 2020: 99 · 2019: 119 · 2018: 107 · 2017: 88 · 2016: 86 · 2015: 71 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 42.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Radiocarbon (publishedVersion)
- The Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation Institutional Repository (The Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Paleontology › Archaeology and ancient environmental studies
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Geology and Paleoclimatology Research
- Keywords
- atmospheric radiocarbon, 14CO2, tropospheric CO2, tree-ring radiocarbon, carbon cycle modeling
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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