Cited by 2,395Traumatic Brain Injury ResearchCognitive Functions and MemoryTraumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 9 of the 10 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Paced Auditory Serial-Addition Task: A Measure of Recovery from Concussion

Gronwall, D. M. A.·1977·Perceptual and Motor Skills

DOI 10.2466/pms.1977.44.2.367

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

The need for a measure of severity of concussion apart from duration of post-traumatic amnesia is examined. The paced auditory serial-addition test, a measure of rate of information processing, is presented as a convenient test for estimating individual performance during recovery. Procedures for administration and control data are given, and the programme used for managing the rehabilitation of concussion patients described.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.2466/pms.1977.44.2.367

Cites

9 of 9 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

DELAYED RECOVERY OF INTELLECTUAL FUNCTION AFTER MINOR HEAD INJURY
Gronwall, D., & Wrightson, P. (1974) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(74)91939-4 · Cited by 539
Self-citation
CUMULATIVE EFFECT OF CONCUSSION
Gronwall, D., & Wrightson, P. (1975) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(75)90288-3 · Cited by 394
Self-citation
The psychological effects of concussion
Gronwall, D., & Sampson, H. (1974) · Cited by 289
Self-citation
The Psychological Effects of Concussion
Walsh, K. W. (1975) · The Medical Journal of Australia · doi:10.5694/j.1326-5377.1975.tb106128.x · Cited by 287
Causes of the post-concussional syndrome.
Hf, L., Linderoth, B., & Norlin, B. (1974) · PubMed · Cited by 109
Mental Sequelæ of Head Injury
Miller, H. (1966) · Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine · doi:10.1177/003591576605900327 · Cited by 40
Mental Sequelæ of Head Injury
Russell, W. R. (1966) · Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine · doi:10.1177/003591576605900329 · Cited by 17
Effcts of practice on paced performance
Sampson, H. (1961) · Australian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1080/00049536108256002 · Cited by 7
The post-traumatic syndrome in closed head injuries accident neurosis.
Landy, P. J. B. (1968) · PubMed · Cited by 5

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 10 references

1 of the 10 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 5

Cairns H., 1942, Proc. Roy. Soc. Med., 35, 299
Gronwall D. M. A. Concussion; does intelligence help? N.Z. Psychol., 1976, in press. (a).
Gronwall D. M. A. Performance changes during recovery from closed head injury. Proc. Austral. Assn Neurol., 1976, in press. (b).
Landy P. J., 1968, Proc. Austral. Assn Neurol., 5, 463
Lidvall H. F., 1974, Acta Neurol. Scand., 50

Sorted by citations

Items 701–800 of 1,008

Neurologists׳ accuracy in predicting cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis
Romero, K., Shammi, P., & Feinstein, A. (2015) · Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.msard.2015.05.009 · Cited by 54
“, 2002), a cognitive battery covering the most common cognitive deficits observed in MS: specifically, tests of Information processing speed (Symbol Digit Modalities Test [SDMT]; Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task [PASAT]) (Gronwall, 1977; Smith, 1982), verbal memory (California Verbal Learning Test [CVLT-II]) (Delis…”
BackgroundMethod
Factors That Moderate Activity Limitation and Participation Restriction in People With Multiple Sclerosis
Goverover, Y., Strober, L. B., Chiaravalloti, N. D., & DeLuca, J. (2015) · American Journal of Occupational Therapy · doi:10.5014/ajot.2015.014332 · Cited by 54
“Processing speed and working memory were assessed using the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT)–Oral Version (Smith, 1982) and the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT; Gronwall, 1977).”
Cognitive changes in pregnancy: mild decline or societal stereotype?
Crawley, R. A., Grant, S. L., & Hinshaw, K. (2008) · Applied Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1002/acp.1427 · Cited by 59
Cognitive impairment in Chinese neuromyelitis optica
Zhang, N., Li, Y., Fu, Y., Shao, J., Luo, L., Yang, L., Shi, F., & Liu, Y. (2015) · Multiple Sclerosis Journal · doi:10.1177/1352458515576982 · Cited by 55
Placebo sleep affects cognitive functioning.
Draganich, C., & Erdal, K. J. (2014) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition · doi:10.1037/a0035546 · Cited by 54
Multiple Sclerosis: Changes in Thalamic Resting-State Functional Connectivity Induced by a Home-based Cognitive Rehabilitation Program
Giglio, L. D., Tona, F., Luca, F. D., Petsas, N., Prosperini, L., Bianchi, V., Pozzilli, C., & Pantano, P. (2016) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiol.2016150710 · Cited by 54
Benchmarks of meaningful impairment on the MSFC and BICAMS
Benedict, R. H. B., Drake, A. S., Irwin, L. N., Frndak, S., Kunker, K., Khan, A., Kordovski, V. M., Motl, R. W., & Weinstock‐Guttman, B. (2016) · Multiple Sclerosis Journal · doi:10.1177/1352458516633517 · Cited by 54
Adaptive task difficulty influences neural plasticity and transfer of training
Flegal, K. E., Ragland, J. D., & Ranganath, C. (2018) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.12.003 · Cited by 58
“Verbal episodic memory was measured with the Hopkins Verbal Le rning Test–Revised (Benedict et al., 1998), fluid intelligence with Raven’s Advanced Progressive Matrices (Raven et al., 1998), sustained attention with the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (Gronwall, 1977; Fischer et al., 1999), and processing speed wi…”
The cognitive effects of endocrine therapy in survivors of breast cancer: A prospective longitudinal study up to 6 years after treatment
Dyk, K. V., Crespi, C. M., Bower, J. E., Castellon, S. A., Petersen, L., & Ganz, P. A. (2018) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/cncr.31858 · Cited by 54
Neuropsychological deficits in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome
Busichio, K., Tiersky, L. A., DeLuca, J., & Natelson, B. H. (2004) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617704102178 · Cited by 53
“More specifically, CFS patients failed the CPT mean reaction time task and0or the PASAT in the SIP domain, and the SRT and0or the Grooved Pegboard (nph) in the domain measuring motor speed.”
MethodInfluential
Identification of Resting and Active State EEG Features of Alzheimer’s Disease using Discrete Wavelet Transform
Ghorbanian, P., Devilbiss, D. M., Verma, A. K., BERNSTEIN, A. L., Hess, T., Simon, A. J., & Ashrafiuon, H. (2013) · Annals of Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1007/s10439-013-0795-5 · Cited by 53
Sex Differences and the Interaction of Age and Sleep Issues in Neuropsychological Testing Performance across the Lifespan in an Add/Adhd Sample from the Years 1989 to 2009
Fisher, B. C., Garges, D. M., Yoon, S. Y., Maguire, K., Zipay, D., & Gambino, M. (2014) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/15.10.pr0.114k23w0 · Cited by 54
“For the PASAT, all of the numbers are under 10 and the score is the number of errors or omitted items for each trial, which consists of approximately 45 to 50 items ( Gronwall, 1977 ).”
Background
Is Insomnia Associated With Cognitive Impairments in Breast Cancer Patients?
Caplette‐Gingras, A., Savard, J., Savard, M., & Ivers, H. (2012) · Behavioral Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1080/15402002.2012.672940 · Cited by 53
“ROCF D Rey–Osterrieth Complex Figure Test; IR D immediate recall; DR D delayed recall; LM D logical memory; RAVLT D Rey Auditory–Verbal Learning Test; PASAT D Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task; TMT D Trail Making Test; CWIT D Color–Word Interference Test; CFQ D Cognitive Failures Questionnaire; ASS D Actual State Sc…”
Method
Fibromyalgia dyscognition: concepts and issues
Ambrose, K., Gracely, R. H., & Glass, J. M. (2012) · Reumatismo · doi:10.4081/reumatismo.2012.206 · Cited by 56
Effects of l-amphetamine sulfate on cognitive function in multiple sclerosis patients
Benedict, R. H. B., Munschauer, F. E., Zarevics, P., Erlanger, D. M., Rowe, V. D., Feaster, T. K., & Carpenter, R. L. (2008) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-008-0760-7 · Cited by 53
The Utility of Neuropsychological Tests in Evaluation of Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) versus Depression in Adults
Katz, L. J., Wood, D. S., Goldstein, G., Auchenbach, R. C., & Geckle, M. (1998) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/107319119800500107 · Cited by 53
Adult Chronic Kidney Disease: Neurocognition in Chronic Renal Failure
Koushik, N. S., McArthur, S. F., & Baird, A. D. (2009) · Neuropsychology Review · doi:10.1007/s11065-009-9110-5 · Cited by 53
Neurobehavioral effects of HIV-1 infection in China and the United States: A pilot study
Cysique, L. A., Jin, H., Franklin, D. R., Morgan, E. E., Shi, C., Yu, X., Wu, Z., Taylor, M. J., Marcotte, T. D., Letendre, S. L., et al. (2007) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617707071007 · Cited by 53
“• Attention0Working Memory • PASAT-50 (Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task; Gronwall, 1977; Diehr et al., 1998) • WMS-III Spatial Span (China) (Wechsler Memory Scale-Third Edition, Psychological Corporation, 1997b, Heaton et al.”
Neuroimaging abnormalities, neurocognitive function, and fatigue in patients with hepatitis C
Thames, A. D., Castellon, S. A., Singer, E. J., Nagarajan, R., Sarma, M. K., Smith, J., Thaler, N. S., Truong, J. H., Schonfeld, D., Thomas, M. A., et al. (2015) · Neurology Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1212/nxi.0000000000000059 · Cited by 53
Brain pathways of verbal working memory
Sepulcre, J., Masdeu, J. C., Pastor, M. A., Goñi, J., Barbosa, C., Bejarano, B., & Villoslada, P. (2009) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.04.054 · Cited by 53
“Verbal working memory was evaluated with the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task (PASAT) in 3 s (Au Duong et al., 2005; Audoin et al., 2005a,b; Gronwall, 1977; Rao et al., 1991; Sepulcre et al., 2006b) included in the Spanish translation of the validated Brief Repeatable Battery—Neuropsychology (Sepulcre et al.”
Evaluating personality as a moderator of the association between life events stress and cardiovascular reactivity to acute stress
Gallagher, S. M., O’Riordan, A., McMahon, G., & Creaven, A. (2018) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2018.02.009 · Cited by 54
“Although the PASAT was rated as more psychologically stressful in comparison to the speech task, F (1, 180) = 14.00, p < .001, = .7, p there was no significant difference between tasks on measures of CVR (all p s > .43 ) our main outcome variable.”
Influential
Cognitive Performance in Long‐Term Abstinent Elderly Alcoholics
Fein, G., & McGillivray, S. (2007) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2007.00481.x · Cited by 53
“Effect is significant: * = p £ 0.05; ** = p £ 0.01 Units of measurement for the individual tests are as follows: MicroCog, reported as a scaled score automatically adjusted for age and years of education; Short Categories, total number of errors out of 100; Stroop, number of items correctly identified in 45 seconds; T…”
MethodInfluential
Treatment of Nocturnal Airway Obstruction Improves Daytime Cognitive Performance in Asthmatics
Weersink, E. J. M., van Zomeren, E. H., Koëter, G. H., & Postma, D. S. (1997) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/ajrccm.156.4.9701001 · Cited by 53
“The PASAT test (paced auditory serial addition test) is a test of concentration and attention ( 18 ).”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Self-Reported Everyday Memory and Depression in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis
Bruce, J. M., & Arnett, P. A. (2004) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1076/jcen.26.2.200.28081 · Cited by 52
PASAT in Detecting Cognitive Impairment in Relapsing-Remitting MS
Rosti-Otajärvi, E. M., Hämäläinen, P. I., Koivisto, K. J., & Hokkanen, L. (2007) · Applied Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/09084280701319938 · Cited by 53
“PASAT was introduced by Gronwall (1977) in the 1970 s as a clinical tool for measuring the severity of brain injury and its recovery.”
BackgroundMethod
Slowed reaction time during a continuous performance test in children with Tourette's syndrome.
Shucard, D. W., Benedict, R. H. B., Tekok-Kılıç, A., & Lichter, D. G. (1997) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037//0894-4105.11.1.147 · Cited by 53
Cardiovascular and neuroendocrine responses to extended laboratory challenge.
McCann, B. S., Carter, J., Vaughan, M., Raskind, M. A., Wilkinson, C. W., & Veith, R. C. (1993) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-199311000-00005 · Cited by 53
Pharmacological treatment for memory disorder in multiple sclerosis
He, D., Zhang, Y., Dong, S., Wang, D., Gao, X., & Zhou, H. (2013) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd008876.pub3 · Cited by 52
Cognitive but Not Affective Theory of Mind Deficits in Mild Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis
Roca, M., Manes, F., Gleichgerrcht, E. L., Ibáñez, A. M., de Toledo, M. E. G., Marenco, V., Bruno, D., Torralva, T., & Sinay, V. J. (2014) · Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology · doi:10.1097/wnn.0000000000000017 · Cited by 54
Cognitive Impairment in Multiple Sclerosis: A Review of Neuropsychological Assessments
Korakas, N., & Tsolaki, M. (2016) · Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology · doi:10.1097/wnn.0000000000000097 · Cited by 52
Assessment of Attention Following Traumatic Brain Injury: A Review
Kinsella, G. (1998) · Neuropsychological Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/713755576 · Cited by 52
Incidence of AIDS dementia in a two-year follow-up of AIDS and ARC patients on an initial phase II AZT placebo-controlled study: San Diego cohort
Day, J., Igor Grant, A., Atkinson, J. H., Brysk, L. T., McCutchan, J. A., Hesselink, J. R., Heaton, R. K., Weinrich, J. D., Spector, S. A., & Richman, D. D. (1992) · Journal of Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1176/jnp.4.1.15 · Cited by 52
Comparing Traditional and Digitized Cognitive Tests Used in Standard Clinical Evaluation – A Study of the Digital Application Minnemera
Björngrim, S., van den Hurk, W., Betancort, M., Machado, A., & Lindau, M. P. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02327 · Cited by 59
“For the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT, Gronwall, 1977) high sensitivity: 87% and high speciﬁcity: 69% was demonstrated in separating malingering subjects from controls (Woods et al., 2018).”
Result
The PASAT performance among patients with multiple sclerosis: analyses of responding patterns using different scoring methods
Rosti-Otajärvi, E. M., Hämäläinen, P. I., Koivisto, K. J., & Hokkanen, L. (2006) · Multiple Sclerosis Journal · doi:10.1177/1352458506070624 · Cited by 51
“Gronwall reported that all examinees tend to make fewer errors and omissions during the first third of a PASAT trial than at the end of the series [1].”
Background
Computerized reaction time battery versus a traditional neuropsychological battery: Detecting HIV-related impairments
González, R., Heaton, R. K., Moore, D. J., Letendre, S. L., Ellis, R. J., Wolfson, T. J., Marcotte, T. D., Cherner, M., Rippeth, J. D., Grant, I., et al. (2003) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617703910071 · Cited by 51
Neural Correlates of Three Neurocognitive Intervention Strategies: A Preliminary Step Towards Personalized Treatment for Psychological Disorders
Price, R. B., Paul, B., Schneider, W., & Siegle, G. J. (2012) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-012-9508-x · Cited by 53
“…negative thoughts displayed for 3.34 s followed by the prompt ‘‘Generate Alternative Explanation’’ displayed for 23.38 s. ER Task: Paced Auditory Serial Addition Trials (PASAT) Participants completed an adaptive version of the PASAT (Gronwall 1977) as previously described (Siegle et al. 2007).”
MethodInfluential
Role of the HPA Axis and the A118G Polymorphism of the -Opioid Receptor in Stress-Induced Drinking Behavior
Pratt, W. M., & Davidson, D. (2009) · Alcohol and Alcoholism · doi:10.1093/alcalc/agp007 · Cited by 51
“The Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT; Gronwall, 1977) was used to induce stress in the subjects.”
Executive function impairments in fibromyalgia syndrome: Relevance of clinical variables and body mass index
de Guevara, C. M. L., Fernández-Serrano, M. J., del Paso, G. A. R., & Duschek, S. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0196329 · Cited by 52
Anxiety Sensitivity and Depression in Multiple Chemical Sensitivities and Asthma
Vliet, E. C.-V., Kelly‐McNeil, K., Natelson, B. H., Kipen, H. M., & Fiedler, N. L. (2002) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/00043764-200210000-00006 · Cited by 51
Risky decision-making in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND)
Iudicello, J. E., Woods, S. P., Cattie, J. E., Doyle, K. L., & Grant, I. (2012) · The Clinical Neuropsychologist · doi:10.1080/13854046.2012.740077 · Cited by 50
“, 1983); (3) Attention/Working Memory: Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT; Gronwall, 1977; Gronwall & Sampson, 1974; Heaton, Miller et al., 2004), Wechsler Memory Scale-3rd Edition (WMS-III) Spatial Span (The Psychological Corporation, 1997); (4) Executive Functions: Wisconsin Card Sorting Test-64 Card Version…”
Method
Standardized and flexible batteries in neuropsychology: An assessment update
Kane, R. L. (1991) · Neuropsychology Review · doi:10.1007/bf01108849 · Cited by 51
Examining the association between rumination, negative affectivity, and negative affect induced by a paced auditory serial addition task
Feldner, M. T., Leen‐Feldner, E. W., Zvolensky, M. J., & Lejuez, C. W. (2005) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2005.06.002 · Cited by 58
Methylphenidate
Prommer, E. (2011) · American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine® · doi:10.1177/1049909111427029 · Cited by 51
“Neurocognitive function was assessed by the paced auditory serial addition test, which measures auditory information processing, speed, flexibility, and calculation ability.(44) Methylphenidate significantly improved performance on neurocognitive testing compared with placebo (P < .”
Method
Histories of major depression and premenstrual dysphoric disorder: Evidence for phenotypic differences
Klatzkin, R. R., Lindgren, M. E., Forneris, C. A., & Girdler, S. S. (2010) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2010.01.018 · Cited by 54
“…finished before 5 minutes, the committee responded in a standardized way, with prepared questions to ensure that the participant spoke for the entire period; and 4) Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT; (Gronwall 1977)) (8.5 min) involves the tape recorded presentation of numbers from 1 – 9.”
MethodInfluential
Assessment of the feasibility of a rehabilitation intervention program for breast cancer survivors with cognitive complaints
Ercoli, L. M., Castellon, S. A., Hunter, A. M., Kwan, L. C., Kahn-Mills, B. A., Cernin, P. A., Leuchter, A. F., & Ganz, P. A. (2013) · Brain Imaging and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11682-013-9237-0 · Cited by 50
“No alternate forms were available for Trailmaking tests (Spreen and Strauss 1998) or the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (Gronwall 1977).”
Method
Cognitive impairment differs between neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder and multiple sclerosis
Kim, S., Kwak, K., Jeong, I. H., Hyun, J., Jo, H.-J., Joung, A., Yu, E., Kim, J.-H., Lee, S. H., Yun, S., et al. (2016) · Multiple Sclerosis Journal · doi:10.1177/1352458516636246 · Cited by 50
Relationship between Social Cognition and traditional cognitive impairment in Progressive Multiple Sclerosis and possible implicated neuroanatomical regions
Ciampi, E., Uribe-San-Martín, R., Vásquez, M., Ruiz‐Tagle, A., Labbé, T., Cruz, J. P., Lillo, P., Slachevsky, A., Reyes, D., Reyes, A. P., et al. (2018) · Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.msard.2018.01.013 · Cited by 50
“Cognitive evaluations were based on the Brief International Cognitive Assessment for MS (BICAMS) (Benedict et al., 2012), a short form of the Minimal Assessment of Cognitive Function in Multiple Sclerosis (MACFIMS) (Benedict et al., 2006) including: 1) Processing speed with Symbol Digit Modality Test (SDMT) (Smith, 20…”
Method
Computer-assisted cognitive rehabilitation in persons with multiple sclerosis: Results of a multi-site randomized controlled trial with six month follow-up
Stuifbergen, A. M., Becker, H., Perez, F. I., Morrison, J., Brown, A., Kullberg, V., & Zhang, W. (2018) · Disability and health journal · doi:10.1016/j.dhjo.2018.02.001 · Cited by 50
PASAT: Observed correlations with IQ
Egan, V. (1988) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/0191-8869(88)90046-3 · Cited by 50
Which abilities does the PASAT test?
Deary, I. J., Langan, S. J., Hepburn, D. A., & Frier, B. M. (1991) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/0191-8869(91)90027-9 · Cited by 50
“INTRODUCTION The PASAT test was developed by Gronwall (1977) as a measure of information processing capacity.”
Method
Wood in the human environment : restorative properties of wood in the built indoor environment
Fell, D. (2010) · cIRcle (University of British Columbia) · doi:10.14288/1.0071305 · Cited by 50
“36 3.4 Stressor Parsons et al. (1998) used a version of the Paced Auditory Serial-Addition Task (PASAT) (Gronwall, 1977) to impart a mild stress on subjects.”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Brain imaging of cannabinoid type I (CB1) receptors in women with cannabis use disorder and male and female healthy controls
Spindle, T. R., Kuwabara, H., Eversole, A., Nandi, A., Vandrey, R. G., Antoine, D. G., Umbricht, A., Guarda, Á. S., Wong, D. F., & Weerts, E. M. (2021) · Addiction Biology · doi:10.1111/adb.13061 · Cited by 49
Hyperbaric oxygen for blast‐related postconcussion syndrome: Three‐month outcomes
Cifu, D. X., Walker, W. C., West, S. L., Hart, B. B., Franke, L. M., Sima, A. P., Graham, C. W., & Carne, W. F. (2013) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.24067 · Cited by 53
An Evaluation of Reading Comprehension of Expository Text in Adults With Traumatic Brain Injury
Sohlberg, M. M., Griffiths, G. G., & Fickas, S. F. (2014) · American Journal of Speech-Language Pathology · doi:10.1044/2013_ajslp-12-0005 · Cited by 51
Diagnostics of cognitive dysfunctions in multiple sclerosis
Engel, C., Greim, B., & Zettl, U. K. (2007) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-007-2009-2 · Cited by 49
“The battery includes the Selective Reminding Test (SRT), the 10/36 Spatial Recall Test (SPART), the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT), the PASAT and the Word List Generation Test (WLG).”
BackgroundInfluential
Negative work events and accommodations in employed multiple sclerosis patients
Benedict, R. H. B., Rodgers, J. D., Emmert, N. A., Kininger, R. L., & Weinstock‐Guttman, B. (2013) · Multiple Sclerosis Journal · doi:10.1177/1352458513494492 · Cited by 49
Disclosure of disease status among employed multiple sclerosis patients: Association with negative work events and accommodations
Frndak, S., Kordovski, V. M., Cookfair, D. L., Rodgers, J. D., Weinstock‐Guttman, B., & Benedict, R. H. B. (2014) · Multiple Sclerosis Journal · doi:10.1177/1352458514540971 · Cited by 49
The NEO-FFI in Multiple Sclerosis: Internal Consistency, Factorial Validity, and Correspondence Between Self and Informant Reports
Schwartz, E. S., Chapman, B. P., Duberstein, P. R., Weinstock‐Guttman, B., & Benedict, R. H. B. (2010) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191110368482 · Cited by 49
“…second edition (Delis, Kramer, Kaplan, & Ober, 2000), Brief Visuospatial Memory Test–Revised (Benedict, 1997), Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (Gronwall, 1977), Symbol Digit Modalities Test (Smith, 1982), and the Delis–Kaplan Executive Function System Sorting Test (Delis, Kaplan, & Kramer,…”
Method
Thalamic atrophy predicts cognitive impairment in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis. Effect on instrumental activities of daily living and employment status
Papathanasiou, A., Messinis, L., Zampakis, P. E., Panagiotakis, G., Gourzis, P., Georgiou, V. L., & Papathanasopoulos, P. (2015) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jns.2015.09.001 · Cited by 49
“Psychomotor speed and reaction time are important components of information processing speed and can bemeasured by traditionalwidely used tests such as Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test [49] and Symbol Digit Modalities Test [50] or by computerized batteries [51–54].”
Cognitive impairment and structural brain changes in patients with clinically isolated syndrome at high risk for multiple sclerosis
Hynčicová, E., Vyhnálek, M., Kalina, A., Martinkovič, L., Nikolai, T., Lisý, J., Hort, J., Meluzínová, E., & Laczó, J. (2016) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-016-8368-9 · Cited by 49
Cholinergic agonism alters cognitive processing and enhances brain functional connectivity in patients with multiple sclerosis
Cader, S., Palace, J. A., & Matthews, P. M. (2008) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881108093271 · Cited by 49
“The number of correct responses at each rate of speed is taken (Gronwall, 1977).”
Background
DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF AN ATTENTIONAL TEST FOR HEAD INJURED CHILDREN—1. INFORMATION PROCESSING CAPACITY IN A NORMAL SAMPLE
Johnson, D. A., Roethig‐Johnston, K., & Middleton, J. A. (1988) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1988.tb00704.x · Cited by 49
Exercise, Fibromyalgia, and Fibrofog: A Pilot Study
Etnier, J. L., Karper, W. B., Gapin, J. I., Barella, L. A., Chang, Y. K., & Murphy, K. J. (2009) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.6.2.239 · Cited by 48
Land- and water-based exercise intervention in women with fibromyalgia: the al-andalus physical activity randomised controlled trial
Carbonell‐Baeza, A., Ruiz, J. R., Aparicio, V. A., Ortega, F. B., Munguía‐Izquierdo, D., Álvarez‐Gallardo, I. C., Segura‐Jiménez, V., Camiletti‐Moirón, D., Romero, A., Estévez‐López, F., et al. (2012) · BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders · doi:10.1186/1471-2474-13-18 · Cited by 50
“The Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task [66] will be used to measure sustained and divided attention, auditory information processing speed, and stimulus competition filtering skill.”
Method
Natalizumab Significantly Improves Cognitive Impairment over Three Years in MS: Pattern of Disability Progression and Preliminary MRI Findings
Mattioli, F., Stampatori, C., Bellomi, F., Scarpazza, C., & Capra, R. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0131803 · Cited by 48
“The neuropsychological tests included: the Raven's Colored Progressive Matrices PM47 (CPM) [18,19], to test intellectual skills that do not depend on verbal skills; the Digit Span forward [20], to assess the short-term verbal memory; the Short Tale [21], to evaluate the long-term verbal memory; the Corsi block tapping…”
Method
Unilateral pallidotomy versus bilateral subthalamic nucleus stimulation in PD
Smeding, H. M. M., Esselink, R. A. J., Schmand, B. A., Koning-Haanstra, M., Nijhuis, I. J. M., Wijnalda, E. M., & Speelman, J. D. (2005) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-005-0628-z · Cited by 49
Measurement Equivalence of the Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System® (PROMIS®) Applied Cognition - General Concerns, Short Forms in Ethnically Diverse Groups.
Fieo, R. A., Ocepek‐Welikson, K., Kleinman, M., Eimicke, J. P., Crane, P. K., Cella, D. F., & Teresi, J. A. (2016) · PubMed · Cited by 47
A network-level approach of cognitive flexibility impairment after surgery of a right temporo-parietal glioma
Mandonnet, E., Cerliani, L., Siuda-Krzywicka, K., Poisson, I., Zhi, N., Volle, E., & de Schotten, M. T. (2017) · Neurochirurgie · doi:10.1016/j.neuchi.2017.03.003 · Cited by 50
“Preoperative and postoperative long-term (4 months) testing assessed [28]: • language functions, including naming 80 black and white pictures (DO 80 [30]), and literal and categorical word fluencies [31]; • non-verbal semantic association, using the PPTT [32]; • praxies: copy of Rey figure [33]; • calculus: one substr…”
Method
Predicting intelligence with multiple speed of information-processing tests
Vernon, P. A., & Weese, S. E. (1993) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/0191-8869(93)90310-y · Cited by 48
The longitudinal effects of accessible email for individuals with severe cognitive impairments
Sohlberg, M. M., Fickas, S. F., Ehlhardt, L. A., & Todis, B. J. (2005) · Aphasiology · doi:10.1080/02687030544000100 · Cited by 48
Traumatic Brain Injury, Aging and Reaction Time
Stuss, D. T., Stethem, L. L., Picton, T. W., LEECH, E. E., & Pelchat, G. (1989) · Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques · doi:10.1017/s0317167100028833 · Cited by 48
Ecologically valid virtual reality-based technologies for assessment and rehabilitation of acquired brain injury: a systematic review
Faria, A. L., Latorre, J., Silva Cameirão, M., Bermúdez i Badia, S., & Llorens, R. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1233346 · Cited by 46
Effects of visual exposure to wood on human affective states, physiological arousal and cognitive performance: A systematic review of randomized trials
Lipovac, D., & Burnard, M. (2020) · Indoor and Built Environment · doi:10.1177/1420326x20927437 · Cited by 57
Relationships among Anxiety, Depression, and Executive Functioning in Multiple Sclerosis
Julian, L., & Arnett, P. (2009) · Clinical Neuropsychologist · doi:10.1080/13854040802665808 · Cited by 50
“This task (Gronwall, 1997 ; Gronwall & Wrightson, 1974 ) requires participants to add pairs of numbers serially, while suppressing their successive additions of numbers.”
Method
Functionally Relevant White Matter Degradation in Multiple Sclerosis: A Tract-based Spatial Meta-Analysis
Welton, T., Kent, D., Constantinescu, C. S., Auer, D. P., & Dineen, R. A. (2014) · Radiology · doi:10.1148/radiol.14140925 · Cited by 46
Preliminary evidence that allelic variation in the LMX1A gene influences training-related working memory improvement
Bellander, M., Brehmer, Y., Westerberg, H., Karlsson, S., Fürth, D., Bergman, O., Eriksson, E., & Bäckman, L. (2011) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.03.021 · Cited by 48
The Effects of a Single Session of Upper Alpha Neurofeedback for Cognitive Enhancement: A Sham-Controlled Study
Escolano, C., Navarro‐Gil, M., García‐Campayo, J., & Mínguez, J. (2014) · Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback · doi:10.1007/s10484-014-9262-9 · Cited by 47
Thalamic atrophy and cognitive impairment in clinically isolated syndrome and multiple sclerosis
Štecková, T., Hluštı́k, P., Sládková, V., Odstrčil, F., Mareš, J., & Kaňovský, P. (2014) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jns.2014.04.026 · Cited by 47
The relationship between self‐reported executive performance and psychological characteristics in multiple sclerosis
van der Hiele, K., Kamminga, N. G. A., Ruimschotel, R. P., Middelkoop, H. A. M., & Visser, L. H. (2011) · European Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1111/j.1468-1331.2011.03538.x · Cited by 47
“The neurological assessment included tests for physical disability (Expanded Disability Status Scale [EDSS] [33]), tests for fine motor control and coordination (9- Hole Peg Test [34]) and auditory information processing speed/flexibility and calculating abilities (Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test [35]).”
Method
Imaging patterns of gray and white matter abnormalities associated with PASAT and SDMT performance in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
Riccitelli, G. C., Pagani, E., Rodegher, M., Colombo, B., Preziosa, P., Falini, A., Comı, G., Filippi, M., & Rocca, M. A. (2017) · Multiple Sclerosis Journal · doi:10.1177/1352458517743091 · Cited by 47
“Subjects From our unit database, we selected 177 RRMS patients satisfying the following inclusion criteria: (1) be relapse- and steroid-free for at least 3 months before MRI acquisition; (2) have no history of medical or psychiatric illnesses (including depression) that could compromise cognitive function, and no curr…”
Method
Neural Correlates of Alerting and Orienting Impairment in Multiple Sclerosis Patients
Vázquez-Marrufo, M., Galvao-Carmona, A., González-Rosa, J. J., Hidalgo-Muñoz, A. R., Borges, M., Ruíz-Peña, J. L., & Izquierdo, G. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0097226 · Cited by 47
Neurobehavioral functioning in asymptomatic HIV-1 infected women
Stern, R. A., Arruda, J. E., Ruffolo, J. S., Cohen, R. A., BOLAND, R. J., Stein, M. D., & Martin, A. E. M. (1998) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617798001726 · Cited by 47
Persistence of the effects of attention and executive functions intensive rehabilitation in relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis
Mattioli, F., Stampatori, C., Scarpazza, C., Parrinello, G., & Capra, R. (2012) · Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.msard.2012.06.004 · Cited by 48
The association between depression symptoms and reduced executive functioning is primarily linked by fatigue
Kraft, B., Bø, R., Jonassen, R., Heeren, A., Ulset, V. S., Stiles, T. C., & Landrø, N. I. (2023) · Psychiatry Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.psycom.2023.100120 · Cited by 50
Efficacy and safety profile of memantine in patients with cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis: A randomized, placebo-controlled study
Peyro‐Saint‐Paul, L., Créveuil, C., Heinzlef, O., Seze, J. D., Vermersch, P., Castelnovo, G., Cabre, P., Debouverie, M., Brochet, B., Dupuy, B., et al. (2016) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jns.2016.02.012 · Cited by 47
Static and dynamic functional connectivity in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome: use of arterial spin labelling fMRI
Boissoneault, J., Letzen, J. E., Lai, S., Robinson, M. E., & Staud, R. M. (2016) · Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging · doi:10.1111/cpf.12393 · Cited by 45
“The Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT; Gronwall, 1977) is a well-validated cognitive task of auditory information processing speed and flexibility, as well as calculation ability (Tagliazucchi & Laufs, 2015).”
Method
Structural connectivity‐defined thalamic subregions have different functional connectivity abnormalities in multiple sclerosis patients: Implications for clinical correlations
d’Ambrosio, A., de la Cruz, M. H., Valsasina, P., Pagani, E., Colombo, B., Rodegher, M., Comı, G., Filippi, M., & Rocca, M. A. (2017) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.23805 · Cited by 45
“, 1991), which includes the Selective Reminding Test (SRT) to assess verbal memory; the 10/36 Spatial Recall Test (10/36 SRT) to assess visual memory; the Symbol Digit Modalities Test and the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT) 2” and 3” (Gronwall, 1977; Solari et al., 2005) to assess attention and information…”
Method
Symbol Digit Modalities Test Variant in a Smartphone App for Persons With Multiple Sclerosis: Validation Study
van Oirschot, P., Heerings, M. A. P., Wendrich, K., den Teuling, B. A. J., Martens, M. B., & Jongen, P. J. (2020) · JMIR mhealth and uhealth · doi:10.2196/18160 · Cited by 46
“The SDMT score has a strong correlation with the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score [14]—a stronger correlation than the PASAT scores [15,16]—as well as with abnormalities seen in magnetic resonance images such as in brain lesion volume, cerebral atrophy, diffusion tensor indices of normal appearing brain t…”
MethodInfluential
Cognitive and motor functioning in a patient with selective infarction of the left basal ganglia: evidence for decreased non-routine response selection and performance
Troyer, A. K., Black, S. E., Armilio, M. L., & Moscovitch, M. (2004) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2003.12.003 · Cited by 46
“On the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (Gronwall, 1977), RI was asked to add pairs of orally presented digits.”
Method
Verbal series attention test: Clinical utility in the assessment of dementia
Mahurin, R. K., & Cooke, N. (1996) · The Clinical Neuropsychologist · doi:10.1080/13854049608406662 · Cited by 46
Acute Traumatic Brain Injury in Amateur Boxing
Matser, E. J. T., Kessels, A. G. H., Lezak, M. D., Troost, J., & Jordan, B. D. (2000) · The Physician and Sportsmedicine · doi:10.3810/psm.2000.01.645 · Cited by 46
Chronic neurobehavioural effects of mercury poisoning on a group of Zulu chemical workers
Powell, T. J. (2000) · Brain Injury · doi:10.1080/026990500421912 · Cited by 46
Cognitive functioning after subthalamic nucleotomy for refractory Parkinson's disease
McCarter, R. (2000) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.69.1.60 · Cited by 46
“to measure complex focused and sustained attention and inhibition; the paced serial addition test ( PASAT 2.0 second pacing)”
MethodInfluential
The neuropsychology of post-polio fatigue
Bruno, R. L., Galski, T., & DeLuca, J. (1993) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/0003-9993(93)90062-f · Cited by 46
Neuroticism, cognitive ability, and the metabolic syndrome: The Vietnam Experience Study
Phillips, A. C., Batty, G. D., Weiss, A., Deary, I., Gale, C. R., Thomas, G. N., & Carroll, D. (2010) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2010.01.016 · Cited by 45
“The psychological stress task was the paced auditory serial addition test (Gronwall, 1977; Ring et al., 1999).”
Method
Working Memory in Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Construct Validity and Treatment Effects
Felver, J. C., Bruce, A. S., Zimmerman, M. E., Sweet, L. H., Millman, R. P., & Aloia, M. S. (2007) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.26969 · Cited by 46
Visual P300s in Long‐Term Abstinent Chronic Alcoholics
Fein, G., & Chang, M. (2006) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2006.00246.x · Cited by 45
“Lastly, Auditory Working memory scores were based on the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT) (Gronwall, 1977).”
Method
Special Series Affective intolerance, sensitivity, and processing: Advances in clinical science introduction
Zvolensky, M. J., & Otto, M. W. (2007) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2007.01.002 · Cited by 48
Discriminant Construct Validity of ImPACT™: A Companion Study
Maerlender, A., Flashman, L. A., Kessler, A., Kumbhani, S. R., Greenwald, R., Tosteson, T. D., & McAllister, T. W. (2013) · The Clinical Neuropsychologist · doi:10.1080/13854046.2012.744098 · Cited by 45
“BVMT-R¼Brief Visual Memory Test, Revised (Benedict, 1997); CVLT¼California Verbal learning test, 2nd ed (Delis, Kramer, Kaplan, & Ober, 2000); Gordon, 1986; DKEFS¼Delis Kaplan Executive Function System (Delis, Kaplan, & Kramer, 2001); PASAT¼Paced Auditory Serial Attention Test, Gronwall, 1977.”
Regional Brain Glucose Hypometabolism in Young Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Possible Link to Mild Insulin Resistance
Castellano, C., Baillargeon, J., Nugent, S., Tremblay, S., Fortier, M., Imbeault, H., Duval, J. M., & Cunnane, S. C. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0144116 · Cited by 47

Authors: Gronwall, D. M. A.
Affiliations: Auckland City Hospital (NZ)
Corresponding author: Gronwall, D. M. A.
Venue: Perceptual and Motor Skills
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 1977-04
Volume: 44
Issue: 2
Pages: 367-373
ISSN: 0031-5125 (ISSN-L)
1558-688X
DOI: 10.2466/pms.1977.44.2.367
OpenAlex: W2000399989
Cited by: 2,395
References: 10
Citations by year: 2026: 50 · 2025: 75 · 2024: 65 · 2023: 57 · 2022: 64 · 2021: 103 · 2020: 94 · 2019: 96 · 2018: 95 · 2017: 89 · 2016: 95 · 2015: 97 · 2014: 111 · 2013: 96 · 2012: 103
FWCI: 0.56
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Perceptual and Motor Skills (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Functions and Memory
Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances
Keywords: concussion, Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test, concussion recovery, processing speed, post-traumatic amnesia, concussion severity, concussion rehabilitation, neuropsychological assessment
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Auditory Perception, Brain Concussion, Cognition, Convalescence, Humans, Mathematics, Middle Aged, Occupational Therapy, Psychological Tests, Time Factors

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Paced Auditory Serial-Addition Task: A Measure of Recovery from Concussion

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks