Dirofilaria immitis in Bulgaria: the first genetic baseline data and an overview of the current status
Open accessAbstract
Summary Dirofilaria immitis , the agent of canine dirofilariosis, is a common parasite of domestic and wild carnivores with zoonotic potential and worldwide distribution, being endemic in many countries. Bulgaria is among European countries recognized as endemic for this heartworm parasite. In the present study, D. immitis adults recovered from pulmonary arteries of domestic dog and golden jackal originating from the Pazardzhik region in southern Bulgaria, and from red fox originating from the Plovdiv region in central-southern Bulgaria, were genetically analyzed in nuclear targets. The first PCR amplification of the internal transcribed region 2 (ITS2) of the ribosomal DNA with previously published D. immitis -specific primers yielded single fragments in size of 302 bp that is characteristic for these heartworms. PCR products of three isolates, resulted from the second amplification of the 5.8S-ITS2 region (235 bp) with pan-filarioid primers, were subjected to direct DNA sequencing. Identical nucleotide composition was detected across the screened target region for these Bulgarian isolates. When the 5.8S-ITS2 sequences were phylogenetically compared to the GenBank-retrieved D. immitis sequences in a worldwide context, the neighbor-joining analysis has shown three discrete clades. The first clade was composed of D. immitis isolates from Europe (including the studied Bulgarian samples), Asia and South America, in the second clade samples from Asia and South America were placed, whereas the third clade was formed by two Brazilian dog isolates originated from the north and southeast part of the country. The purpose of the present study was to verify the taxonomic characterization of D. immitis nematodes from Bulgaria based on morphology and compare their genetic structure with filariae obtained from the different world regions using molecular assays. It also summarizes previous epidemiological and ecological studies on the parasite distribution and prevalences in different hosts and regions undertaken so far in Bulgaria.
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Several studies have shown prevalence of D. immitis antigens between 3-44.4% in red foxes and 4.4-58.7% in golden jackals, with isolated cases detected by necropsy.
“In addition, several studies have shown a prevalence of D. immitis antigens between 3–44.4% in red foxes, and 4.4–58.7% in golden jackals; furthermore, isolated cases of infected red foxes and golden jackals were detected by necropsy [83,89,144].”
From What has happened to heartworm disease in Europe in the last 10 years? (2022) · cites this paper as [83]
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- Authors
- Panayotova-Pencheva, M., Šnábel, V., Dakova, V., Čabanová, V., Cavallero, S., Trifonova, A., Mirchev, R., Hurníková, Z., Vasilková, Z., & Miterpáková, M.
- Affiliations
- Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BG)
- Slovak Academy of Sciences (SK)
- Sapienza University of Rome (IT)
- Southwest State Enterprise , 2700 Blagoevgrad , Zora 18 , Bulgaria
- Corresponding author
- Miterpáková, M.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Helminthologia
- Publisher
- Walter de Gruyter GmbH
- Published
- 2020-08-05
- Volume
- 57
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 211-218
- ISSN
- 0440-6605 (ISSN-L)
- 1336-9083
- PMC
- PMC7425230
- OpenAlex
- W3079875970
- Cited by
- 9
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2024: 4 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 1
- FWCI
- 0.16
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Helminthologia (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- Slovenská Akadémia Vied (VEGA 1/0043/19)
- Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
- Vedecká Grantová Agentúra MŠVVaŠ SR a SAV (1/0043/19)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Parasitic Diseases Research and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Helminth infection and control
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Research on Leishmaniasis Studies
- Keywords
- Dirofilaria immitis, canine dirofilariasis, Bulgaria, ITS2, phylogenetic analysis, golden jackal, red fox, dogs, zoonotic parasites, parasite distribution, prevalence, Plovdiv region
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