Opportunities, Challenges, and Strategies for Using ChatGPT in Higher Education: A Literature Review
Open accessAbstract
While there is a growing body of research on chat generative pre-trained transformer (ChatGPT) in education, there appears to be little research that provides a comprehensive review of challenges, opportunities, and strategies for the effective utilization of ChatGPT in higher education. This study aims to fill this research gap by focusing on the opportunities, challenges, and strategies for using ChatGPT in higher education. The study adopted a literature review approach and employed document analysis as a research design. It reviewed various types of documents, particularly research articles, published since 2022 when ChatGPT was launched. Based on the extensive review, the study shows that ChatGPT offers a variety of opportunities for higher education, including assessment innovation, instructional support, remote learning support, research design and development support, academic writing support, and administrative assistance and productivity. However, ChatGPT also presents a number of challenges and issues related to academic integrity, security and privacy, reliance on artificial intelligence, learning assessment, and information accuracy. The study offers a set of recommendations for the effective utilization of ChatGPT in higher education. It concludes that the application of ChatGPT in higher education presents both benefits and challenges; thus, efforts and strategies are needed to ensure the effective use of ChatGPT for academic purposes.
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“…training on the corpus of data derived from multiple internet sources, including websites, journal articles, and textbooks (Adiguzel et al., 2023; Choi et al., 2023; Kung et al., 2023), ChatGPT is capable of generating precise responses to an array of prompts and inquiries instantaneously…”
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“Many researchers have raised concern about academic integrity among students due to the potential misuse or unethical use of ChatGPT (see Anderson et al., 2023; Atlas, 2023; Crawford et al., 2023; Cotton et al., 2023; Eke, 2023; Sallam, 2023; Sok & Heng, 2023; Sullivan et al., 2023; Thurzo et al.,…”
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“The concerns have focused on academic honesty and plagiarism issues (Cotton et al., 2023), overdependence on AI (Crawford et al., 2023; Jarrah et al., 2023; Sok & Heng, 2023), misleading information (Karakose et al., 2023; Zhuo et al., 2023), and biased learning assessment (Rasul et al., 2023).”
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“In a similar vein, educators can leverage ChatGPT to quickly generate scenarios, quizzes, and exercises for evaluating students ’ learning (Khan et al., 2023; Wang et al., 2023).”
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BackgroundResultChatGPT and Publication Ethics
Rahimi, F., & Talebi Bezmin Abadi, A. (2023) · Archives of Medical Research · doi:10.1016/j.arcmed.2023.03.004 · Cited by 158 · cited 1× · see citing works
“One of the most cutting-edge AI tools to date is a chat generative pre-trained transformer (ChatGPT), which has rapidly attracted over 100 million global users after a few months of its public launch in November 2022 (Rahimi & Abadi, 2023).”
BackgroundExploring the Usage of ChatGPT in Higher Education: Frequency and Impact on Productivity
Firaina, R., & Sulisworo, D. (2023) · Buletin Edukasi Indonesia · doi:10.56741/bei.v2i01.310 · Cited by 151 · cited 1× · see citing works
“This application is, therefore, deemed a supportive and effective tool to facilitate non-English speakers or writers in overcoming linguistic barriers (Firaina & Sulisworo, 2023; Sallam, 2023).”
MethodChatGPT for Higher Education and Professional Development: A Guide to Conversational AI
Atlas, S. (2023) · Journal of Media Literacy Education · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Alneyadi, S., & Wardat, Y. (2023) · Contemporary Educational Technology · doi:10.30935/cedtech/13417 · Cited by 142 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…generating precise responses to an array of prompts and inquiries instantaneously (Qadir, 2022) and producing nearly flawless texts that are challenging to distinguish from humans ’ writing (Alneyadi & Wardat, 2023; Cotton et al., 2023; Susnjak, 2022; Talan & Kalinkara, 2023; Wardat et al., 2023).”
BackgroundCoffey, A. J. (2014) · Sage eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781446282243.n25 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Topsakal, O., & Topsakal, E. (2022) · The Journal of Cognitive Systems · doi:10.52876/jcs.1227392 · Cited by 125 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Specifically, ChatGPT could be leveraged to help teachers prepare the instructional materials required for their teaching and ensure quality assurance (Cox & Tzoc, 2023; Kraugusteeliana et al., 2023; Megahed et al., 2023; Topsakal & Topsakal, 2022).”
BackgroundChatGPT: Implications for academic libraries
Cox, C., & Tzoc, E. (2023) · College & Research Libraries News · doi:10.5860/crln.84.3.99 · Cited by 119 · cited 3× · see citing works
“Given the complexity of research design, it is vital to utilize AI tools like ChatGPT for support in simplifying research components, brainstorming research topics, and summarizing articles (Cox & Tzoc, 2023).”
BackgroundMethodLoh, E. (2024) · BMJ Leader · doi:10.1136/leader-2023-000797 · Cited by 116 · cited 1× · see citing works
“It is also important to note that the responses generated by ChatGPT may be inaccurate and unreliable since this AI tool can only function with the data set on which it was trained (Lee, 2023; Loh, 2023).”
MethodWen, J., & Wang, W. (2023) · Clinical and Translational Medicine · doi:10.1002/ctm2.1207 · Cited by 115 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…generate responses within seconds, research has shown that the outputs generated by it might be misleading (Day, 2023; Gordijn & Have, 2023; Hügle, 2023; Sallam, 2023; Tlili et al., 2023; Wen & Wang, 2023), which could in turn cause a destructive effect on users, particularly teachers and students.”
BackgroundChatGPT and Artificial Intelligence in Higher Education: Quick Start Guide
Sabzalieva, E., & Valenti, A. (2023) · University of North Texas Digital Library (University of North Texas) · Cited by 108 · see citing works
The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Higher Education: ChatGPT Assessment for Anatomy Course
Talan, T., & Kalınkara, Y. (2023) · Uluslararası Yönetim Bilişim Sistemleri ve Bilgisayar Bilimleri Dergisi · doi:10.33461/uybisbbd.1244777 · Cited by 104 · cited 2× · see citing works
“…generating precise responses to an array of prompts and inquiries instantaneously (Qadir, 2022) and producing nearly flawless texts that are challenging to distinguish from humans ’ writing (Alneyadi & Wardat, 2023; Cotton et al., 2023; Susnjak, 2022; Talan & Kalinkara, 2023; Wardat et al., 2023).”
BackgroundMethodChatGPT for research and publication: Opportunities and challenges
Xames, M. D., & Shefa, J. (2023) · Journal of Applied Learning & Teaching · doi:10.37074/jalt.2023.6.1.20 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
ChatGPT in Research: Balancing Ethics, Transparency and Advancement
Graf, A., & Bernardi, R. E. (2023) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2023.02.008 · Cited by 91 · cited 2× · see citing works
“More specifically, as Graf and Bernardi (2023) highlighted, not only is ChatGPT capable of correcting sentence structure and grammar, but it can also help with writing and editing.”
BackgroundMethodKarakose, T., Demirkol, M., Aslan, N., Köse, H., & Yirci, R. (2023) · Educational Process International Journal · doi:10.22521/edupij.2023.123.1 · Cited by 65 · cited 2× · see citing works
“In academia, the reception of ChatGPT tends to be controversial, as reflected by scholarly discussions on the benefits and shortcomings of ChatGPT (see Chukwuere, 2023; Karakose, 2023; Neumann et al., 2023).”
BackgroundMalik, A., Khan, M. L., & Hussain, K. (2023) · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4413516 · Cited by 59 · cited 2× · see citing works
“As advised by Malik et al. (2023), the learning assessment should consider prominent aspects, such as oral tests, in-class exams that are case study-focused or problem-based, and exams given in the context of the material being taught.”
BackgroundChatGPT for Research and Publication: Opportunities and ChallengesPreprint
Xames, M. D., & Shefa, J. (2023) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4381803 · Cited by 51 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Despite an increasing body of research on the benefits and drawbacks of using ChatGPT in education (Lo, 2023; Sok & Heng, 2023; Xames & Shefa, 2023), there seems to be limited research that provides a comprehensive review of the opportunities, challenges, and strategies regarding the use of ChatGPT…”
BackgroundTajik, E., & Tajik, F. (2023) · doi:10.36227/techrxiv.22589497.v1 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Conducting Academic Research with the AI Interface ChatGPT: Challenges and Opportunities
Dönmez, İ., İdin, Ş., & Gülen, S. (2023) · DSpace@MŞU · doi:10.55290/steam.1263404 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
The wide range of opportunities for large language models such as ChatGPT in rheumatology
Hügle, T. (2023) · RMD Open · doi:10.1136/rmdopen-2023-003105 · Cited by 43 · cited 2× · see citing works
“…to generate responses within seconds, research has shown that the outputs generated by it might be misleading (Day, 2023; Gordijn & Have, 2023; Hügle, 2023; Sallam, 2023; Tlili et al., 2023; Wen & Wang, 2023), which could in turn cause a destructive effect on users, particularly teachers and…”
BackgroundThe Utility of ChatGPT in Educational Research—Potential Opportunities and Pitfalls
Karakose, T. (2023) · Educational Process: International Journal · doi:10.22521/edupij.2023.122.1 · Cited by 38 · cited 2× · see citing works
“In academia, the reception of ChatGPT tends to be controversial, as reflected by scholarly discussions on the benefits and shortcomings of ChatGPT (see Chukwuere, 2023; Karakose, 2023; Neumann et al., 2023).”
BackgroundTajik, E., & Tajik, F. (2023) · doi:10.36227/techrxiv.22589497 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Why ChatGPT is such a big deal for education
Anders, B. A. (2023) · ScholarSpace - JCCC (Johnson County Community College) · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Gimpel, H., Hall, K., Decker, S., Eymann, T., Lämmermann, L., Mädche, A., Röglinger, M., Ruiner, C., Schoch, M., Schoop, M., et al. (2023) · University writing server of the University of Hohenheim (Universität Hohenheim) · Cited by 13 · see citing works
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Research works printed but not linked: 4
- n25 · DOI
- Kraugusteeliana, K., Indriana, I. H., Krisnanik, E., Muliawati, A., & Irmanda, H. N. (2023). Utilization of ChatGPT's artificial intelligence in improving the quality and productivity of lecturers' work. Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Konseling [Journal of Education and Counseling], 5(2), 3245- 3249.
- In F. Lau, & C. Kuziemsky (Eds.), Handbook of eHealth evaluation: An evidence-based approach (pp. 157-180). University of Victoria.
- Turnitin. (2023). Turnitin announces AI writing detector and AI writing resource center for educators. Turnitin. https://www.turnitin.com/press/turnitin-announces-ai- writing-detector-and-ai-writing-resource-center-for- educators
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Generative AI in Higher Education: Balancing Innovation and Integrity
Francis, N. J., Jones, S., & Smith, D. P. (2025) · British Journal of Biomedical Science · doi:10.3389/bjbs.2024.14048 · Cited by 295 · see citing works
“Such approaches help students develop critical thinking skills about GenAI and its capabilities [43].”
The impact of ChatGPT feedback on the development of EFL students’ writing skills
Poláková, P., & Ivenz, P. (2024) · Cogent Education · doi:10.1080/2331186x.2024.2410101 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
“ChatGPT can provide effective and efficient answers saving time and effort (Sok & Heng, 2024).”
InfluentialA Systematic Review of the Limitations and Associated Opportunities of ChatGPT
Cong‐Lem, N., Soyoof, A., & Tsering, D. (2024) · International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1080/10447318.2024.2344142 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
“Similarly, the opportunities identified in this study resonate with the findings on opportunities in a review by Sok and Heng (2024).”
Salih, S., Husain, O., Hamdan, M., Abdelsalam, S., Elshafie, H., & Motwakel, A. (2025) · Results in Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103837 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Artificial intelligence-powered tools and academic writing: to use or not to use ChatGPT
Al-Sofi, B. (2024) · Saudi Journal of Language Studies · doi:10.1108/sjls-06-2024-0029 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Wang, C., & Yin, H. (2025) · Computers & Education · doi:10.1016/j.compedu.2025.105250 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Teaching and learning with AI: an Integrated AI-Oriented Pedagogical Model
Creely, E., & Carabott, K. (2025) · The Australian Educational Researcher · doi:10.1007/s13384-025-00913-6 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
“The positioning of GenAI in educational contexts often presents as a dichotomy (Grassini, 2023; Sok & Heng, 2024).”
Short-term learning effect of ChatGPT on pharmacy students' learning
Svendsen, K., Askar, M., Umer, D., & Halvorsen, K. H. (2024) · Exploratory Research in Clinical and Social Pharmacy · doi:10.1016/j.rcsop.2024.100478 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“12 While they list many benefits, studies have reported risks such as overdependence on these tools and issues with academic integrity.”
BackgroundAbdi, A.-N. M., Omar, A. M., Ahmed, M. H., & Ahmed, A. A. (2025) · Cogent Education · doi:10.1080/2331186x.2025.2460250 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
“It also assists in research design and development, aiding students in formulating research questions and structuring their written work (Sok & Heng, 2024).”
Farinosi, M., & Melchior, C. (2025) · European Journal of Education · doi:10.1111/ejed.70094 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Meissner, R., Pögelt, A., Ihsberner, K., Grüttmüller, M., Tornack, S., Thor, A., Pengel, N., Wollersheim, H.-W., & Hardt, W. (2024) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2024.1427502 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Ahmed, F. R., Rushdan, E. E., Al‐Yateem, N., Almaazmi, A. N., Subu, M. A., Hijazi, H. H. A., Abdelbasset, W. K., Mottershead, R., Ahmed, A. A., & AbuRuz, M. E. (2024) · Teaching and learning in nursing · doi:10.1016/j.teln.2024.12.002 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Navigating ChatGPT in ASEAN Higher Education: Ethical and Pedagogical Perspectives
Buragohain, D., & Chaudhary, S. (2025) · Computer Applications in Engineering Education · doi:10.1002/cae.70062 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“Tools like Turnitin are increasingly recommended for detecting both AI ‐ generated content [63] and traditional plagiarism [64], serving both a regulatory and educational function.”
Nguyen, T. Y. P., Nguyen, N. T., & Phan, N. K. H. (2025) · International journal of AI in language education. · doi:10.54855/ijaile.25212 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“ChatGPT is a supporting tool for non-native students in writing that might provide immediate information through the user's question or prompt, such as analyzing a topic, giving ideas, summarising ideas, and writing a model paragraph (Sok & Heng, 2024).”
Akbar, M. N. (2025) · Journal of Further and Higher Education · doi:10.1080/0309877x.2025.2515135 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Hu, H., Zhou, Q., & Hashim, H. B. (2025) · Humanities and Social Sciences Communications · doi:10.1057/s41599-025-05351-4 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“It shapes researchers ’ perceptions of their academic competence and authorship authenticity by amplifying certain dimensions of their writing performance (Sok and Heng, 2024) while potentially inhibiting others, such as critical re fl ection or original articulation (Qasem, 2023).”
Sok, S., Heng, K., & Pum, M. (2025) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/21582440251353575 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“This result is in line with what has been discussed in previous research in different contexts (Baidoo-Anu et al., 2024; Lin & Chen, 2024; Sok & Heng, 2024a).”
InfluentialRingo, D. S. (2025) · Cogent Education · doi:10.1080/2331186x.2025.2475268 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“Additionally, some studies have examined the challenges and benefits of ChatGPT usage among higher education students (Rice et al., 2024; Sok & Heng, 2024; Zeb et al., 2024; Rasul et al., 2023).”
Awareness, perception, and adoption of ChatGPT in African HEIs: A multi-dimensional analysis
Ojubanire, O. A., Olaleye, S. A., Marhraoui, M. A., Kamihanda, M. W., Oke, O. I., & Ojubanire, O. A. (2025) · The Internet and Higher Education · doi:10.1016/j.iheduc.2025.100999 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Sol, K., Heng, K., & Sok, S. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4687461 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Bouriami, A., Takhdat, K., Barkatou, S., Chiki, H., Boussaa, S., & Adib, A. R. E. (2024) · Educación Médica · doi:10.1016/j.edumed.2024.101006 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Arum, R., Leon, M. D. C., Li, X., & Lopes, J. (2025) · AERA Open · doi:10.1177/23328584251331956 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“Scholars have high-lighted ChatGPT’s potential utility in providing students with research and writing support (Dempere et al., 2023), personalized and immediate feedback on course assignments (Sok & Heng, 2024), and resources to overcome language barriers (Fütterer et al., 2023).”
Can ChatGPT Boost Students’ Employment Confidence? A Pioneering Booster for Career Readiness
Xiao, Y., & Li, Z. (2025) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs15030362 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“…its educational support beyond mere academic content, offering comprehensive assistance in writing, tutoring, and providing personalized feedback that effectively addresses student doubts and cultivates a more profound comprehension of intricate subjects (Royani et al., 2024; Sok & Heng, 2024).”
AI and ChatGPT in Higher Education: Greek Students’ Perceived Practices, Benefits, and Challenges
Κώστας, Α., Paraschou, V., Spanos, D., Tzortzoglou, F., & Sofos, A. (2025) · Education Sciences · doi:10.3390/educsci15050605 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Karafil, B., & Uyar, A. (2025) · Education and Information Technologies · doi:10.1007/s10639-024-13291-w · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“Growing research has explored the perceptions of students and faculty members concerning the use of ChatGPT for academic purposes in higher education (Dempere et al., 2023; Hasanein & Sobaih, 2023; Sok & Heng, 2024; Strzelecki, 2023).”
Sok, S., & Heng, K. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4806030 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
ChatGPT-4o for English language teaching and learning: Features, applications, and future prospectsPreprint
Pang, S., Nol, E., & Heng, K. (2024) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4837988 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Jazim, F., Al‐Mamary, Y. H., & Abubakar, A. A. (2025) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.105445 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Madsen, D., & Toston, D. M. (2025) · Digit. · doi:10.3390/digital5030024 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Martha, A. S. D., Widowati, S., & Rahayu, D. P. (2025) · Journal of Information Technology Education Research · doi:10.28945/5599 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
The application of GPT-4 in grading design university students’ assignment: an exploratory study
Huang, Q., Willems, T., & Poon, K. W. (2025) · International Journal of Technology and Design Education · doi:10.1007/s10798-025-10022-1 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
AI in Criminal Justice Education: Assessing Educator’s Attitudes and Experiences
Tyler, D. H. F., Gagnon, A., & George, S. S. (2024) · Journal of Criminal Justice Education · doi:10.1080/10511253.2024.2413995 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“Educators also are concerned about students’ increasing dependence on technology (George, Baskar, & Srikaanth, 2024; Sok & Heng, 2024): they fear reliance on llms will contribute to a degradation of reading comprehension skills, critical thinking skills, problem-solving skills, and decreased…”
Acceptance of Artificial Intelligence (ChatGPT) Among Trainee Teachers in Higher Education
Fraile, M. N., & Badiola, L. (2024) · Trends in Higher Education · doi:10.3390/higheredu3040063 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Jiang, L.-P., Wei, B.-B., Qiu, N.-S., & Huang, L.-H. (2025) · Interactive Learning Environments · doi:10.1080/10494820.2025.2479166 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“As an action guide for the innovative application of ChatGPT, policies and regulations have a positive promoting effect on promoting the application of ChatGPT in HE at the regional, colleges, and teacher levels (Sok & Heng, 2024; Zhang & Gu, 2023).”
Applications and potential of ChatGPT in dentistry: Scoping review of research perspectives
Hamada, M., Kikuchi, S., Akitomo, T., Kusaka, S., Iwamoto, Y., & Nomura, R. (2025) · Journal of Dental Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jds.2025.08.016 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
“74 75 — 77 The use of chatbots in education has also been actively studied in the field of dentistry; this review analyzed 63 studies, 16 of which were related to education.”
Generative artificial intelligence in education: an umbrella review of applications and challengesPreprint
Namoun, A., Ibrahim, I. A., Mustafa, E., Alrehaili, A., Tufail, A., Shuja, J., & Bilal, K. (2024) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-4892155/v1 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
The Role of Generative AI in Empowering Generation Z in Higher Education
Zábojník, R., & Hromada, V. (2024) · Media & Marketing Identity · doi:10.34135/mmidentity-2024-75 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Transition to Sustainable Human-Centric Education in Emerging Artificial Intelligence Industry 5.0
Oyekunle, D. O. T., Nwaiku, M., Matthew, U. O., Onyedibe, O. N., Nwanakwaugwu, A. C., Adebola, N. T., Oladipupo, M. A., & Olawoyin, O. O. (2024) · Advances in higher education and professional development book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-6765-0.ch002 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Bauer, N. F., Fütterer, T., Brucker, B., & Gerjets, P. H. (2026) · Computers and Education Open · doi:10.1016/j.caeo.2026.100351 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Pulari, S. R., & Jacob, S. G. (2025) · Procedia Computer Science · doi:10.1016/j.procs.2025.02.122 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Cabezas-Clavijo, Á., & Sidorenko-Bautista, P. (2026) · Journal of Data and Information Science · doi:10.1515/jdis-2025-0326 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“…offer a wide range of opportunities for both teaching and learning, including the design of tests and assessments, support for instructional materials, promotion of classroom collaboration, and their use as personalized tutors that adapt learning to each student’s specific needs (Sok & Heng, 2024).”
Yang, H. (2026) · Journal of Geography in Higher Education · doi:10.1080/03098265.2026.2628342 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Artificial Intelligence Driven Course Generation: A Case Study Using ChatGPT
Rouabhia, D. (2024) · أطراس · doi:10.70091/atras/ai.18 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“AI-driven content generation can significantly increase productivity by automating the time-consuming process of course creation, aligning with the productivity gains noted by Prieto, Mengiste, and García De Soto (2023) and Sok and Heng (2024).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialRedefining Literature Education: The Role of ChatGPT in Undergraduate Courses
Bellot, A. R., Gutiérrez‐Colón, M., & Baran, K. A. (2025) · International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education · doi:10.1007/s40593-025-00497-3 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“Sok and Heng ( 2024 ) bring to light the promising capabilities of ChatGPT in higher education, suggesting that it “has the potential to enable teachers to create a range of stimulating and fun activi - ties, resulting in an increase in student engagement” (11).”
Cabuquin, J. C., Acidre, M. A. S. T., Manabat, M. A. A., Aruta, M. G. H., Sangutan, J., & Yu, R. F. B. (2024) · Salud Ciencia y Tecnología - Serie de Conferencias · doi:10.56294/sctconf2024.1205 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Tyler, D. H. F., George, S. S., Gagnon, A., & Howard, J. (2025) · Journal of Criminal Justice Education · doi:10.1080/10511253.2025.2506435 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Reading the Readers Mind through Eye Tracking: Can AI Generated Texts Match Human Authors?
Ilyas, C. M. A., Noor, S.-E., Tashk, A., Cooreman, B., Beier, S., & Bækgaard, P. (2025) · ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications (ETRA) · doi:10.1145/3715669.3726846 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“These models can produce human-like texts that are almost identical to human-authored content, potentially revolutionizing fields such as journal-ism, literature, and academia [Bender et al. 2021; Hoffmann et al. 2022; Manning 2022; Sok and Heng 2024; Zellers et al. 2019].”
Rahman, A., Islam, M. K., Al-Mamun, A., & Islam, M. S. (2025) · F1000Research · doi:10.12688/f1000research.161351.2 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Goorts, L., Hollevoet, R., Xia, V., Cammaerts, F., & Güngör, A. (2025) · Computers and Education Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.caeai.2025.100475 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Implications and Considerations of AI-Generative Tools for Higher Education Practices
Em, S., Mok, S., Sam, R., Pen, D., & Serey, M. (2025) · Advances in computational intelligence and robotics book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-7873-1.ch011 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Exploring ChatGPT's Impact on Intercultural Competence
Ngo, T. T., Huong, T. T. M., Nguyen, L. T. M., & Vu, N. T. (2025) · Advances in higher education and professional development book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-3506-2.ch003 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Sharma, K., & Rai, P. (2026) · American Journal of Distance Education · doi:10.1080/08923647.2026.2627737 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Wang, Y., 米晓雪, Tang, W., Tang, Y., & Gao, H. (2026) · Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.3390/bs16060862 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“At the same time, the growing presence of AI has intensified debates about academic integrity, fairness, overreliance, and the broader effects of reliance for students’ learning and development (Ocen et al., 2025; Sok & Heng, 2024; Wu et al., 2025).”
English-Major Master's Students Regarding the Use of ChatGPT in Learning Research Writing at IUH
Truong, T. A. A., Le, H. K. N., & Nguyen, V. H. Q. (2025) · International journal of AI in language education. · doi:10.54855/ijaile.25216 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“Learners also struggle with integrity, including cheating and plagiarism when using ChatGPT (Sok & Heng, 2024).”
InfluentialSelf-reported cognitive effects of AI applications on learning
Krsmanović, G., & Deek, F. P. (2025) · Journal of Higher Education Theory and Practice · doi:10.33423/jhetp.v25i1.7563 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
“A review of the opportunities and challenges (Sok & Heng, 2024) regarding the implementation of AI in higher education cited assessment innovation, instructional support for writing, remote learning, and research development as some of the benefits; while overreliance, security and privacy,…”
Heng, K., & Sol, K. (2024) · Cambodian Journal of Educational Research · doi:10.62037/cjer.2024.04.02.01 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Begum, M., Butt, M. N., & Ullah, S. (2025) · Asian Education and Development Studies · doi:10.1108/aeds-06-2025-0257 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Automatic Short‐Answer Grading in Sustainability Education: AI –Human Agreement
Emirtekin, E., & Özarslan, Y. (2025) · Journal of Computer Assisted Learning · doi:10.1002/jcal.70160 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Task-Centered Analysis of Higher Education Students’ Uses of Generative Artificial Intelligence
Hershkovitz, A., Tabach, M., & Lurie, L. (2025) · Education Sciences · doi:10.3390/educsci15121676 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Transforming higher education: ChatGPT as a tool for enhanced communication and collaboration
Yamson, G. C., Agbamey, J. S., Yamson, E. D., Gyampo, A. E., Nyarko, J., & Asiamah, T. A. (2026) · Artificial Intelligence in Education · doi:10.1108/aiie-03-2025-0061 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
GÜLDEN, B., Bilge, H., & Uysal, P. K. (2026) · International Journal of Assessment Tools in Education · doi:10.21449/ijate.1678002 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“In many areas, including lesson planning and question generation, educational stakeholders use ChatGPT to save time (Fuchs, 2023; Kiryakova & Angelova, 2023; Qadir, 2023; Sok & Heng, 2023).”
Fadillah, M. A., Husin, M., Usmeldi, U., & Asrizal, A. (2026) · International Journal of Educational Reform · doi:10.1177/10567879261464157 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Okunlola, J. O. (2024) · E-Journal of Humanities Arts and Social Sciences · doi:10.38159/ehass.202451114 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Saranza, C., Villamar, E. M., Arlan, E. N., Francia, J., Lopio-Alas, L., & Buca, R. (2024) · International Journal of Social Science and Human Research · doi:10.47191/ijsshr/v7-i12-77 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Artificial intelligence: An innovation shaping modern eye care
Munsamy, A. J. (2024) · African vision and eye health · doi:10.4102/aveh.v83i1.996 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Zhang, L., Li, X., & Kong, X. (2024) · International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Teacher Education (ICAITE) · doi:10.1145/3702386.3702391 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Muhanna, W. A. A. (2025) · International Journal of Technology Enhanced Learning · doi:10.1504/ijtel.2025.146302 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Looking Ahead: AI-Supported Writing in the Language Classroom
Şahin, D. (2025) · Özgür Yayınları eBooks · doi:10.58830/ozgur.pub773.c3206 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Hsieh, M.-Y. (2025) · Research in Science & Technological Education · doi:10.1080/02635143.2025.2546984 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“Its capabilities extend to designing interactive course schemes, adjusting curricula based on student assessments, and providing self-learning resources, thereby revolutionizing traditional pedagogical approaches (Sok and Heng 2024).”
Atik, S., & Erdemir, N. (2025) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-025-03246-2 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Balasoto, R. L., de la Peña, M. T. C., & Domingo, J. F. C. (2025) · International Journal of Research and Review · doi:10.52403/ijrr.20251144 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Generative AI in Academia: How Engineering Students Perceive and Approach Ethical Challenges?
Hariyanto, D., Rafiq, A. A., Triyono, M. B., Murniati, D. E., Adinda, D., & Prihandini, T. F. (2026) · International Journal of Online and Biomedical Engineering (iJOE) · doi:10.3991/ijoe.v22i02.59281 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Song, R., Alias, A. B., & Jamaludin, K. A. (2026) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2026.1760298 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Perceptions challenges and ethical concerns of ChatGPT use in Indian higher education institutions
Singh, A., Bajpai, A., & Singh, S. (2026) · Discover Education · doi:10.1007/s44217-026-01300-8 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Tishenina, M. (2026) · Studies in Philosophy and Education · doi:10.1007/s11217-026-10051-w · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Drivers and Barriers of ChatGPT Adoption in Higher Education: Insights from Multiple Theories
Khan, J., Yaqub, R. M. S., Yaqub, M. Z., & Bibi, K. (2026) · Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences · doi:10.64534/commer.2026.672 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
AI as a co-teacher in language education: A review of roles, application, and affordances
Pang, S., Vutha, C., & Heng, K. (2026) · Journal of Digital Educational Technology · doi:10.29333/jdet/18854 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“As Sok and Heng (2024) noted, despite some risks such as concerns about privacy and integrity issues and overdependence on AI tools, ChatGPT offers a lot of benefits in higher education.”
Abdelmagid, A. S., Jabli, N. M., & Qahmash, A. I. (2026) · Journal of Intelligence · doi:10.3390/jintelligence14080170 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Embedding Generative AI as a digital capability into a year-long MSc skills programPreprint
Smith, D. P., Sokoya, D., Moore, S., Okonkwo, C., Boyd, C., Lacey, M. M., & Francis, N. (2024) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-5204546/v1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Developing the HAKI model as a conceptual framework for AI-assisted academic research
Shahini, A. (2026) · Discover Education · doi:10.1007/s44217-026-02041-4
“Similarly, Sok and Heng [74] argued that AI literacy should become an essential component of higher education to enable researchers to engage critically and ethically with AI-assisted scholarship.”
The use of ChatGPT in higher education: Students' perceptions
Dragojević, T. N., & Turudić, J. (2024) · Nastava i vaspitanje · doi:10.5937/nasvas2403315d
OPPORTUNITIES AND DIFFICULTIES OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HIGHER
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“It offers a more flexible and efficient communication channel between educators and learners, facilitating knowledge sharing and discussion [4].”
OPINION MINING USING BERT REGARDING PERCEPTIONS OF CHATGPT USAGE FROM UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTSPreprint
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BOARD # 77: Perception of the Impact of Generative Artificial Intelligence on Education
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Research on the Use of ChatGPT in Programming of ICT Secondary Education
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Formación universitaria temprana en producción animal con ChatGPT: Efecto del perfil del estudiante
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Using artificial intelligence in educational research: The competencies of researchers
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“That said, the use of ChatGPT in education is not without challenges [8-13].”
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“…ChatGPT supports self-directed learning, helping students grasp complex concepts through interactive explanations and instant feedback, effectively supporting diverse learning styles through personalized engagement, enhancing understanding, and accommodating various student needs [26, 46].”
Adoption and use of ChatGPT among university IT students: An exploratory study
López-Mendoza, A., Roque-Hernández, R. V., & Salazar-Hernández, R. (2026) · Contemporary Educational Technology · doi:10.30935/cedtech/17864
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“While some have called for outright bans on AI writing tools, citing threats to academic integrity and the erosion of core writing skills (Cotton et al., 2024; Sok & Heng, 2024), the discourse has shifted recently.”
- Authors
- Sok, S., & Heng, K.
- Affiliations
- University of Puthisastra (KH)
- Paññāsāstra University of Cambodia (KH)
- Corresponding author
- Sok, Sarin
- Venue
- Journal of Digital Educational Technology
- Publisher
- Modestum Ltd
- Published
- 2024-01-01
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- ep2401
- ISSN
- 2752-5503 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4389733229
- Cited by
- 120
- References
- 77
- Citations by year
- 2026: 39 · 2025: 56 · 2024: 25
- FWCI
- 28.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Journal of Digital Educational Technology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Artificial Intelligence in Education
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Health Informatics › Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Artificial Intelligence Applications
- Keywords
- ChatGPT, large language models, higher education, artificial intelligence in education, academic integrity, assessment innovation, academic writing support, AI reliance, information accuracy, privacy and security, pedagogical support, research support
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