The DOI matches its Crossref record; 51 of the 51 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Depression Scores Associate With Chronotype and Social Jetlag in a Rural Population
Abstract
In public health, mood disorders are among the most important mental impairments. Patients with depressive episodes exhibit daily mood variations, abnormal patterns in sleep-wake behavior, and in the daily rhythms of several endocrine-metabolic parameters. Although the relationship between the sleep/circadian processes and mood disorders is poorly understood, clock-related therapies, such as light therapy, sleep deprivation, and rigid sleep schedules, have been shown to be effective treatments. Several studies investigated the relationship between circadian phenotype (chronotype) and depression. These focused mainly on urban populations and assessed diurnal preferences (Morningness-Eveningness score) rather than the actual timing of sleep and activity. Here, we used the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) in an essentially rural population (N?=?4051), and investigated its relation to circadian phenotype (chronotype and social jetlag), assessed with the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ). In our study design, we (i) normalized both chronotype and BDI scores for age and sex (MSF(sas) and BDI(as), respectively); (ii) calculated individual social jetlag (misalignment of the biological and social time); and (iii) investigated the relationship between circadian phenotypes and BDI scores in a population homogeneous in respect to culture, socioeconomic factors, and daily light exposure. A 15.65% (N?=?634) of the participants showed mild to severe depressive BDI scores. Late chronotypes had a higher BDI(as) than intermediate and early types, which was independent of whether or not the participants were smokers. Both chronotype and BDI(as) correlated positively with social jetlag. BDI(as) was significantly higher in subjects with >2?h of social jetlag than in the rest of the population?again independent of smoking status. We also compared chronotype and social jetlag distributions between BDI categories (no symptoms, minimal symptoms, and mild to severe symptoms of depression) separately for men and women and for four age groups; specifically in the age group 31?40 yrs, subjects with mild to severe BDI scores were significantly later chronotypes and suffered from higher social jetlag. Our results indicate that misalignment of circadian and social time may be a risk factor for developing depression, especially in 31- to 40-yr-olds. These relationships should be further investigated in longitudinal studies to reveal if reduction of social jetlag should be part of prevention strategies. (Author correspondence: karla.allebrandt@med.uni-muenchen.de ).
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“However, in common with shift work, generalizing depression (i.e., combining all types of depression) results in a link between jet lag/social jet lag and depression75–79.”
From Circadian rhythm disruption and mental health (2020) · cites this paper as [78]
In the citing paper
“Indeed, the role of social factors as key modifiable determinants of an individual's chronotype is increasingly recognized (64, 65).”
From Chronotype: Implications for Epidemiologic Studies on Chrono-Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health (2019) · cites this paper as [64]
In the citing paper
“Evening types are also more likely to be depressed (10), overweight (11), diabetic, and hypertensive (12), in comparison to morning types.”
From Social jetlag, chronotype, and cardiometabolic risk (2015) · cites this paper as [10]
In the citing paper
“Two adult studies assessing weekday-weekend difference in midsleep reported associations with elevated smoking (Wittmann et al., 2006) and depression (Levandovski et al., 2011).”
From Sleep and circadian contributions to adolescent alcohol use disorder (2015) · cites this paper as Levandovski et al., 2011
Citations
Cites
Comparison of Beck Depression Inventories -IA and -II in psychiatric outpatients
Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., Ball, R., & Ranieri, W. F. (1996) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa6703_13 · Cited by 5,965
A self-assessment questionnaire to determine morningness- eveningness in human circadian rhythms
Home, J. K. (1976) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 4,783
Life between Clocks: Daily Temporal Patterns of Human Chronotypes
Roenneberg, T., Wirz-Justice, A., & Merrow, M. (2003) · Journal of Biological Rhythms · doi:10.1177/0748730402239679 · Cited by 2,662
Self-citationSocial Jetlag: Misalignment of Biological and Social Time
Wittmann, M., Dinich, J., Merrow, M., & Roenneberg, T. (2006) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420520500545979 · Cited by 2,625
Self-citationAdverse metabolic and cardiovascular consequences of circadian misalignment
Scheer, F. A. J. L., Hilton, M. F., Mantzoros, C. S., & Shea, S. A. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0808180106 · Cited by 2,351
A marker for the end of adolescence
Roenneberg, T., Kuehnle, T., Pramstaller, P. P., Ricken, J., Havel, M., Guth, A., & Merrow, M. (2004) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2004.11.039 · Cited by 1,585
Self-citationEpidemiology of the human circadian clock
Roenneberg, T., Kuehnle, T., Juda, M., Kantermann, T., Allebrandt, K., Gordijn, M., & Merrow, M. (2007) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2007.07.005 · Cited by 1,545
Self-citationZeitzer, J. M., Dijk, D., Kronauer, R. E., Brown, E. N., & Czeisler, C. A. (2000) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7793.2000.00695.x · Cited by 1,175
ETHICS AND METHODS FOR BIOLOGICAL RHYTHM RESEARCH ON ANIMALS AND HUMAN BEINGS
Portaluppi, F., Smolensky, M. H., & Touitou, Y. (2010) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.3109/07420528.2010.516381 · Cited by 1,125
Mari, J. D. J., & Williams, P. R. (1986) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.148.1.23 · Cited by 1,124
Sleep and circadian rhythm disruption in psychiatric and neurodegenerative disease
Wulff, K., Gatti, S., Wettstein, J. G., & Foster, R. G. (2010) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2868 · Cited by 1,055
(1996) · PubMed · Cited by 863
Antidepressant and Circadian Phase-Shifting Effects of Light
Lewy, A. J., Sack, R. L., Miller, L. S., & Hoban, T. M. (1987) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.3798117 · Cited by 709
Circadian preference, sleep and daytime behaviour in adolescence
Giannotti, F., Cortesi, F., Sebastiani, T., & Ottaviano, S. (2002) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2869.2002.00302.x · Cited by 703
Circadian genes, rhythms and the biology of mood disorders
McClung, C. A. (2007) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2007.02.003 · Cited by 666
Dose-response relationships for resetting of human circadian clock by light
Boivin, D. B., Duffy, J. F., Kronauer, R. E., & Czeisler, C. A. (1996) · Nature · doi:10.1038/379540a0 · Cited by 559
Light Therapy for Seasonal and Nonseasonal Depression: Efficacy, Protocol, Safety, and Side Effects
Terman, M., & Terman, J. S. (2005) · CNS Spectrums · doi:10.1017/s1092852900019611 · Cited by 546 · cited 1×
“…understood, they are clinically and therapeutically relevant, as evidenced by the antidepressant effects of light therapy, sleep deprivation, or rigid sleep schedules (Benedetti et al., 2007; Boivin et al., 1996; Haynes et al., 2005; Lewy et al., 1987; Terman & Terman, 2005; Zeitzer et al., 2000).”
BackgroundPhase Advance of the Circadian Sleep-Wake Cycle as an Antidepressant
Wehr, T. A., Wirz-Justice, A., Goodwin, F. K., Duncan, W., & Gillin, J. C. (1979) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.227056 · Cited by 528
Zavada, A., Gordijn, M. C. M., Beersma, D. G. M., Daan, S., & Roenneberg, T. (2005) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1081/cbi-200053536 · Cited by 527
The human circadian clock entrains to sun time
Roenneberg, T., Kumar, C., & Merrow, M. W. (2007) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2006.12.011 · Cited by 464
Self-citationThe circadian basis of winter depression
Lewy, A. J., Lefler, B. J., Emens, J. S., & Bauer, V. K. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0602425103 · Cited by 451
Depression and Cardiovascular Sequelae in Postmenopausal Women
Wassertheil-Smoller, S. W., Shumaker, S. A., Ockene, J. K., Talavera, G. A., Greenland, P., Cochrane, B. B., Robbins, J. A., Aragaki, A. K., & Dunbar‐Jacob, J. M. (2004) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.164.3.289 · Cited by 396
Lasa, L., Ayuso‐Mateos, J. L., Vázquez‐Barquero, J. L., Diez-Manrique, F., & Dowrick, C. F. (2000) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0165-0327(99)00088-9 · Cited by 373
Entrainment of the Human Circadian Clock
Roenneberg, T., & Merrow, M. (2007) · Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology · doi:10.1101/sqb.2007.72.043 · Cited by 272
Self-citationFoster, F., & Wulff, K. (2005) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn1670 · Cited by 255
Kitamura, S., Hida, A., Watanabe, M., Enomoto, M., Aritake‐Okada, S., Moriguchi, Y., Kamei, Y., & Mishima, K. (2010) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.3109/07420528.2010.516705 · Cited by 245
An analysis of the “eveningness–morningness” dimension in “depressive” college students
Chelminski, I., Ferraro, F. R., Petros, T. V., & Plaud, J. J. (1999) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0165-0327(98)00051-2 · Cited by 243
Relationship between depressive mood and chronotype in healthy subjects
Hidalgo, M. P. L., Caumo, W., Posser, M. S., de Souza, S. B. C., Camozzato, A. L., & Chaves, M. L. F. (2009) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1819.2009.01965.x · Cited by 242
Self-citationThe effects of depression and age on the Horne-Ostberg morningness-eveningness score
Drennan, M. D., Klauber, M. R., Kripke, D. F., & Goyette, L. M. (1991) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/0165-0327(91)90096-b · Cited by 215
Selvi, Y., Aydın, A., Boysan, M., Atlı, A., Agargun, M. Y., & Beşiroğlu, L. (2010) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.3109/07420528.2010.516380 · Cited by 193
The Network of Time: Understanding the Molecular Circadian System
Roenneberg, T., & Merrow, M. W. (2003) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/s0960-9822(03)00124-6 · Cited by 184
Self-citationWittmann, M., Paulus, M. P., & Roenneberg, T. (2009) · Substance Use & Misuse · doi:10.3109/10826080903498952 · Cited by 178
Self-citationChronotherapeutics in a psychiatric ward
Benedetti, F., Barbini, B., Colombo, C., & Smeraldi, E. (2007) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2007.06.004 · Cited by 169
Beseler, C. L., Stallones, L. F., Hoppin, J. A., Alavanja, M. C. R., Blair, A. E., Keefe, T. J., & Kamel, F. (2008) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.11091 · Cited by 141
Depression and Smoking in the U.S. Household Population Aged 20 and Over, 2005-2008
Pratt, L. A., & Brody, D. J. (2010) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e665402010-001 · Cited by 124
Circadian preference in bipolar disorder
Giglio, L. M. F., Magalhães, P. V. D. S., Andersen, M. L., Walz, J. C., Jakobson, L., & Kapczinski, F. P. (2009) · Sleep And Breathing · doi:10.1007/s11325-009-0301-3 · Cited by 113
The search for circadian clock components in humans: new perspectives for association studies
Allebrandt, K. V., & Roenneberg, T. (2008) · Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research · doi:10.1590/s0100-879x2008000800013 · Cited by 84
Self-citation[Circadian rhythms and depression].
Soria, V., & Urretavizcaya, M. (2009) · Actas Españolas de Psiquiatría · Cited by 83
Cognition as predictor of current and follow-up depressive symptoms in the general population
Simons, C. J. P., Jacobs, N., Derom, C., Thiery, E., Jolles, J., Van Os, J., & Krabbendam, L. (2009) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2008.01339.x · Cited by 64
Schneider, M. L. D. M., de Vasconcellos, D. C., Dantas, G., Levandovski, R. M., Caumo, W., Allebrandt, K. V., Doring, M., & Hidalgo, M. P. L. (2010) · International Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1080/00207594.2010.513414 · Cited by 62
Self-citationIlluminating the Impact of Habitual Behaviors in Depression
Haynes, P. L., Ancoli‐Israel, S., & McQuaid, J. R. (2005) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1081/cbi-200053546 · Cited by 56
Chronotype and Body Composition in Bipolar Disorder
Soreca, I., Fagiolini, A., Frank, E., Goodpaster, B. H., & Kupfer, D. J. (2009) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.1080/07420520902929060 · Cited by 53
Sleep and Heart Rate Circadian Rhythm in Depression: The Necessity to Separate
Taillard, J., Lemoine, P., Boule, P., Drogue, M., & Mouret, J. (1993) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.3109/07420529309064483 · Cited by 44
Critical Interval Hypotheses for Depression
Kripke, D. F. (1984) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.3109/07420528409059121 · Cited by 44
Pratt, L. A., & Brody, D. J. (2010) · Cited by 40
Clomipramine-Induced Mood and Perceived Performance Changes in Selected Healthy Individuals
Gentil, V., Zilberman, M. L., Lobo, D. S. S., Henna, E., Moreno, R. A., & Gorenstein, C. (2007) · Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1097/01.jcp.0000270084.15253.5c · Cited by 38
Body temperature and diurnal type in women with seasonal affective disorder
Elmore, S. K., Dahl, K., Avery, D., Savage, M. V., & Brengelmann, G. L. (1993) · Health Care For Women International · doi:10.1080/07399339309516023 · Cited by 29
Obeying the clock yields benefits for metabolism
Ramsey, K. M., & Bass, J. T. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0901304106 · Cited by 25
An animated depiction of major depression epidemiology
Patten, S. B. (2007) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-7-23 · Cited by 22
Evaluation of behavioral states among morning and evening active healthy individuals
Hidalgo, M. P. L., Camozzato, A. L., Cardoso, L., Preussler, C. M., Nunes, C., Tavares, R. D. S., Posser, M. S., & Chaves, M. L. F. (2002) · Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research · doi:10.1590/s0100-879x2002000700012 · Cited by 15
Self-citationCamozzato, A., Hidalgo, M. P., Souza, S., & Chaves, M. (2007) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/pr0.101.1.291-301 · Cited by 6
Self-citation
Research works printed but not linked: 5
- Gorenstein C, 1996, Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res., 29, 453
- Horne JA, 1976, Int. J. Chronobiol., 4, 97
- Pratt LA, 2010, NCHS Data Brief Apr, 34, 1
- Schneider MLM, 2010, Int. J. Psychol.
- Soria V, 2009, Actas Esp. Psiquiatr., 37, 222
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Circadian typology: a comprehensive review
Adan, A., Archer, S. N., Hidalgo, M. P., Di Milia, L., Natale, V., & Randler, C. (2012) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.3109/07420528.2012.719971 · Cited by 1,384
Self-citationMolecular mechanisms and physiological importance of circadian rhythms
Patke, A., Young, M. W., & Axelrod, S. (2020) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/s41580-019-0179-2 · Cited by 1,388
Circadian rhythm disruption and mental health
Walker, W. H., Walton, J. C., DeVries, A. C., & Nelson, R. J. (2020) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-020-0694-0 · Cited by 1,030
Jones, S. E., Lane, J. M., Wood, A. R., van Hees, V. T., Tyrrell, J., Beaumont, R. N., Jeffries, A. R., Dashti, H. S., Hillsdon, M., Ruth, K. S., et al. (2019) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-018-08259-7 · Cited by 691
Self-citationChronotype and Social Jetlag: A (Self-) Critical Review
Roenneberg, T., Pilz, L. K., Zerbini, G., & Winnebeck, E. C. (2019) · Biology · doi:10.3390/biology8030054 · Cited by 803
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Levandovski, R., Dantas, G., Fernandes, L. C., Caumo, W., Torres, I., Roenneberg, T., Hidalgo, M. P. L., & Allebrandt, K. V.
- Affiliations
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (BR)
- Univates (BR)
- Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Allebrandt, Karla Viviani
- ORCID
- Venue
- Chronobiology International
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2011-09-06
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 771-778
- ISSN
- 0742-0528 (ISSN-L)
- 1525-6073
- OpenAlex
- W1993938981
- Semantic Scholar
- 0cd46919c9537cf335f7e0cd407620cab99af56b
- Cited by
- 527
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 51 · 2022: 49 · 2021: 45 · 2020: 47 · 2019: 46 · 2018: 39 · 2017: 36 · 2016: 30 · 2015: 28 · 2014: 32 · 2013: 30 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 11.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Chronobiology International (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Keywords
- depression, chronotype, social jetlag, circadian phenotype, circadian misalignment, rural population, Beck Depression Inventory, Munich Chronotype Questionnaire, smoking, age differences, sex differences, mood disorders, sleep-wake behavior
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Brazil, Circadian Rhythm, Depression, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Surveys and Questionnaires, Risk Factors, Rural Population, Sleep, Social Behavior, Chronotherapy, Chronobiology Disorders, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
