CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 77Mycotoxins in Agriculture and FoodRuminant Nutrition and Digestive PhysiologyCrop Yield and Soil Fertility

Effect of physical damage to ears of corn before harvest and treatment with various additives on the concentration of mycotoxins, silage fermentation, and aerobic stability of corn silage

Open access
Teller, R.S., Schmidt, R.J., Whitlow, L.W., Kung, L.·2012·Journal of Dairy Science
DOI 10.3168/jds.2011-4610
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

We studied the effects of damaging ears of corn in the field prior to harvest and the use of various additives on the production of selected mycotoxins, silage fermentation, and aerobic stability of whole plant corn. In experiment 1, ears of corn were undamaged or were slashed with a knife 7 d before harvesting, exposing damaged kernels to the environment. Corn plants were harvested (about 35% DM) and treated in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Treatments were undamaged or damaged plants, untreated or treated with Lactobacillus buchneri 40788 (400,000 cfu/g of fresh forage) and Pediococcus pentosaceus (100,000 cfu/g). Damaging ears prior to harvest increased the amount of fumonisin but decreased the amount of starch in harvested corn plants. After ensiling, corn silage made from plants damaged before harvest had lower starch but greater concentrations of deoxynivalenol and fumonisin than silage made from plants that were undamaged. Microbial inoculation resulted in fewer yeasts and lower concentrations of zearalenone in silage when compared to uninoculated silage. Inoculated silage also had more acetic acid and 1,2-propanediol than did uninoculated silage. In experiment 2, ears of corn were undamaged or were slashed with a knife 27 d or 9 d before harvesting for corn silage. Whole plants were harvested at about 36% DM in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments. Factors were time of damaging the ears (27 d, 9 d, or no damage) relative to harvest and no additive or 0.1% (fresh weight) potassium sorbate. Damaging plants 9 d prior to harvest did not affect the concentrations of deoxynivalenol, fumonisin, and zearalenone in plants at harvest. However, concentrations of deoxynivalenol and fumonisin were increased in fresh forage that had ears damaged at 27 d when compared to corn plants that were undamaged. Corn plants damaged for 27 d prior to harvest also had a lower concentration of starch than corn damaged for 9 d but was higher in acid detergent fiber than other treatments. The addition of potassium sorbate at harvest had no effect on the concentrations of mycotoxins in the resulting silage, but concentrations of mycotoxins were still greatest in silage made from plants that were damaged the longest prior to harvest (27 d). Silages treated with potassium sorbate had fewer yeasts and molds than silages without the additive. Damaging ears of corn before harvest had no effects on the aerobic stability of silages in both experiments. In contrast, the addition of the inoculant and potassium sorbate improved aerobic stabilities of silages when compared to untreated silages. These studies showed that physical damage to ears of corn prior to harvest can result in the production of mycotoxins in the field. This finding suggests that producers should test corn silage for mycotoxins prior to feeding especially if the forage has been subjected to physical damage prior to ensiling.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.3168/jds.2011-4610

Cites

33 of 33 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Application of potassium sorbate at 1 kg/tonne of fresh matter was effective at reducing yeast count and improving aerobic stability in various trials.

    “However, application of potassium sorbate at 1 kg/tonne of fresh matter was effective at reducing yeast count and improving aerobic stability in various trials (Teller et al., 2012; Bernardes et al., 2014; Hafner et al., 2014).”

    From Silage review: Factors affecting dry matter and quality losses in silages (2018) · cites this paper as Teller et al., 2012

  • Addition of 1.0 g of potassium sorbate/kg of fresh matter to corn silage inhibited yeast growth, decreased ethanol content, and improved aerobic stability.

    “In contrast, addition of 1.0 g of potassium sorbate/kg of fresh matter has inhibited yeast growth, resulting in decreased ethanol content (Hafner et al., 2014) and improved aerobic stability of corn silage (Teller et al., 2012;Bernardes et al., 2014).”

    From Silage review: Recent advances and future uses of silage additives (2018) · cites this paper as Teller et al., 2012

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

2 of the 35 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 5

  1. [1]1. Adesogan, A. T. 2006. Mycotoxins in ensiled forages. Pages 44-51 in Key Silage Management Topics. R. Charley, ed. Lallemand Animal Nutrition North America, Milwaukee, WI.
  2. [6]6. Doerr, J. A. 2010. A little fresh air: Fungal toxins and silage. Pages 117-124 in Proc. California Alfalfa and Forage Symposium and Corn/Cereal Silage Mini-Symposium, Visalia, CA. University of California, Davis, CA.
  3. [26]26. Queiroz, O. C. M., A. T. Adesogan, and S. C. Kim. 2009. Effect of rust infestation on silage quality. Pages 303-304 in Proc. XVth Interna- tional Silage Conference.
  4. [36]36. Snedecor, G. W., and W. G. Cochran. 1980. Statistical Methods. 6th ed. Iowa State Univ. Press, Ames.
  5. [42]42. Whitlow, L. W., and W. M. Hagler Jr. 2008. Mold and mycotoxin issues in dairy cattle: Effects, prevention and treatment. Pages 195-209 in Advances in Dairy Technology, Vol. 20: Proc. Western Canadian Dairy Seminar, Red Deer, AB, Canada. University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada.

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
Teller, R. S., Schmidt, R. J., Whitlow, L. W., & Kung, L.
Affiliations
  • University of Delaware (US)
  • North Carolina State University (US)
Corresponding author
Kung, L.
ORCID
Kung, L.
Venue
Journal of Dairy Science
Publisher
American Dairy Science Association
Published
2012-03
Volume
95
Issue
3
Pages
1428-1436
ISSN
0022-0302 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3168/jds.2011-4610
OpenAlex
W1969509687
Cited by
77
References
35
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 7
FWCI
7.66
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Journal of Dairy Science (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
University of Delaware
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Mycotoxins in Agriculture and Food
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Ruminant Nutrition and Digestive Physiology
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Crop Yield and Soil Fertility
Keywords
corn silage, ear trauma, mycotoxins, fumonisins, deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, silage fermentation, aerobic stability, Lactobacillus buchneri, Pediococcus pentosaceus, microbial inoculation, potassium sorbate, silage additives, starch, whole-plant corn
MeSH terms
Agriculture, Zea mays, Fermentation, Food Additives, Mycotoxins, Nutritive Value, Silage

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review