Cited by 750Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ResearchTraumatic Brain Injury ResearchChild Abuse and Trauma

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Post-traumatic stress disorder: the neurobiological impact of psychological trauma

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Sherin, Jonathan E., Nemeroff, Charles B.·2011·Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience

DOI 10.31887/dcns.2011.13.2/jsherinPMC PMC3182008

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Abstract

The classic fight-or-flight response to perceived threat is a reflexive nervous phenomenon thai has obvious survival advantages in evolutionary terms. However, the systems that organize the constellation of reflexive survival behaviors following exposure to perceived threat can under some circumstances become dysregulated in the process. Chronic dysregulation of these systems can lead to functional impairment in certain individuals who become "psychologically traumatized" and suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), A body of data accumulated over several decades has demonstrated neurobiological abnormalities in PTSD patients. Some of these findings offer insight into the pathophysiology of PTSD as well as the biological vulnerability of certain populations to develop PTSD, Several pathological features found in PTSD patients overlap with features found in patients with traumatic brain injury paralleling the shared signs and symptoms of these clinical syndromes.

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Figure 1. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis is the body's major response system for stress. The hypothalamus secretes CRH, which binds to receptors on pituitary cells, which produce/release ACTH, which is transported to the adrenal gland where adrenal hormones such as Cortisol are produced/released. The release of Cortisol activates sympathetic nervous pathways and generates negative feedback to both the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary. This negative feedback system appears to be compromised in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder. CRH, corticotropin-releasing hormone; ACTH, adrenocorticotropinCC BY-NC-ND · PubMed Central

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Authors: Sherin, J. E., & Nemeroff, C. B.
Affiliations: University of Miami (US)
Corresponding author: Sherin, Jonathan E.
ORCID: Nemeroff, Charles B.
Venue: Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 2011-09-30
Volume: 13
Issue: 3
Pages: 263-278
ISSN: 1294-8322 (ISSN-L)
1958-5969
DOI: 10.31887/dcns.2011.13.2/jsherin
PMC: PMC3182008
OpenAlex: W1548863913
Cited by: 750
References: 95
Citations by year: 2026: 56 · 2025: 76 · 2024: 86 · 2023: 67 · 2022: 55 · 2021: 71 · 2020: 38 · 2019: 54 · 2018: 59 · 2017: 54 · 2016: 40 · 2015: 43 · 2014: 30 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 6
FWCI: 17.61
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: diamond
doi.org
Licence: cc-by-nc-nd
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ (vor)
Locations: Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
Keywords: post-traumatic stress disorder, psychological trauma, fight-or-flight response, threat perception, biological vulnerability, pathophysiology, traumatic brain injury
MeSH terms: Endocrine System, Humans, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Neurobiology, Neurochemistry, Risk Factors, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Stress, Psychological

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Post-traumatic stress disorder: the neurobiological impact of psychological trauma

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