CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 257Schizophrenia research and treatmentMental Health and PsychiatryBipolar Disorder and Treatment

Clinical predictors of therapeutic response to antipsychotics in schizophrenia

Open access
Carbon, Maren, Correll, Christoph U.·2014·Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience
DOI 10.31887/dcns.2014.16.4/mcarbonPMC PMC4336920
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

The search for clinical outcome predictors for schizophrenia is as old as the field of psychiatry. However, despite a wealth of large, longitudinal studies into prognostic factors, only very few clinically useful outcome predictors have been identified. The goal of future treatment is to either affect modifiable risk factors, or use nonmodifiable factors to parse patients into therapeutically meaningful subgroups. Most clinical outcome predictors are nonspecific and/or nonmodifiable. Nonmodifiable predictors for poor odds of remission include male sex, younger age at disease onset, poor premorbid adjustment, and severe baseline psychopathology. Modifiable risk factors for poor therapeutic outcomes that clinicians can act upon include longer duration of untreated illness, nonadherence to antipsychotics, comorbidities (especially substance-use disorders), lack of early antipsychotic response, and lack of improvement with non-clozapine antipsychotics, predicting clozapine response. It is hoped that this limited capacity for prediction will improve as pathophysiological understanding increases and/or new treatments for specific aspects of schizophrenia become available.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.31887/dcns.2014.16.4/mcarbon

Cites

164 of 164 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Patients with schizophrenia often have poor adherence to oral antipsychotics, and high relapse rates pose challenges to both patients and clinicians in the management of the disease.

    “Patients with schizophrenia often have poor adherence to oral antipsychotics, and high relapse rates pose challenges to both patients and clinicians in the management of the disease [94–97].”

    From Pharmacokinetic Characteristics of Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotics for Schizophrenia: An Overview (2021) · cites this paper as [96]

    The Introduction reports relapse rates of 80%–85% in the first five years of schizophrenia and describes relapses as a major source of individual suffering. The Results identify antipsychotic nonadherence as a robust predictor of poorer outcomes. The paper does not establish how often patients have poor adherence specifically to oral antipsychotics. (LLM, conf=0.85)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. [21]Lehman AF. Lieberman JA. Dixon LB. et al American Psychiatric Association; Steering Committee on Practice Guidelines. Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with schizophrenia, second edition. Am J Psychiatry. 2004 161(2 suppl) 1 56 15000267

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
Carbon, M., & Correll, C. U.
Affiliations
  • Northwell Health (US)
  • Albert Einstein College of Medicine (US)
Corresponding author
Correll, Christoph U.
ORCID
Correll, Christoph U.
Venue
Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience
Publisher
Informa UK Limited
Published
2014-12-31
Volume
16
Issue
4
Pages
505-524
ISSN
  • 1294-8322 (ISSN-L)
  • 1958-5969
DOI
10.31887/dcns.2014.16.4/mcarbon
PMC
PMC4336920
OpenAlex
W1565231669
Cited by
257
References
164
Citations by year
2026: 12 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 39 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 1
FWCI
8.14
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
  • Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Mental Health and Psychiatry
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Bipolar Disorder and Treatment
Keywords
schizophrenia, antipsychotic treatment response, prognostic factors, clinical outcome predictors, remission, duration of untreated psychosis, substance use disorders, clozapine response, premorbid adjustment, age of onset
MeSH terms
Humans, Risk Factors, Schizophrenia, Schizophrenic Psychology, Antipsychotic Agents

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review