Gene Dosage Dependent Aggravation of the Neurological Phenotype in the 5XFAD Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease
Open accessAbstract
In the present report, we extend previous findings in the 5XFAD mouse model with regard to a characterization of behavioral deficits and neuropathological alterations. We demonstrate that these mice develop a robust age-dependent motor phenotype and spatial reference memory deficits when bred to homozygosity, leading to a strongly reduced age of onset of behavioral symptoms. At postnatal day sixteen, abundant AβPP was detected in subiculum and cortical pyramidal neurons. From six weeks on, intraneuronal Aβ could be detected which was much more abundant in homozygous mice. The same gene-dosage effect was seen on memory and motor deficits. While at 2 months of age neither heterozygous nor homozygous 5XFAD mice show any neurological phenotype except for alterations in anxiety behavior, at 5 months they were clearly evident. Interestingly, despite abundant motor deficiencies, homozygous 5XFAD mice were able to perform the acquisition training of the Morris water maze task with no difference in the swimming performance between the groups. Therefore the aggravated spatial memory and spatial reference memory deficits of the homozygous mice correlated with the elevated soluble and insoluble Aβ levels. Homozygous 5XFAD mice represent a model with several advantages in comparison to the heterozygous mice, developing amyloid pathology much more rapidly together with a neurological phenotype. These advantages allow reducing the number of animals for Alzheimer's disease research.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In 5XFAD pathology, spine loss (4-9 months) occurs subsequent to cognitive dysfunction (3-6 months) and Aβ plaque formation (two months).
“An interesting observation in the progression of 5XFAD pathology is that spine loss (4–9 months) [62] occurs subsequent to cognitive dysfunction (3–6 months) [35,63,64,65,66] and Aβ plaque formation (two months) [67].”
From Centella Asiatica Improves Memory and Promotes Antioxidative Signaling in 5XFAD Mice (2019) · cites this paper as [67]
Cites
Triple-Transgenic Model of Alzheimer’s Disease with Plaques and Tangles
Oddo, S., Caccamo, A., Shepherd, J. D., Murphy, M. P., Golde, T. E., Kayed, R., Metherate, R., Mattson, M. P., Akbari, Y., & LaFerla, F. M. (2003) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(03)00434-3 · Cited by 4,126 · see citing works
Oakley, H., Cole, S. L., Logan, S., Maus, E., Shao, P., Craft, J., Guillozet-Bongaarts, A., Ohno, M., Disterhoft, J., Van Eldik, L., et al. (2006) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1202-06.2006 · Cited by 3,530 · cited 5× · see citing works
“control of the murine Thy-1 promotor [4].”
BackgroundInfluentialThe Clinical Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease
Wade, J. P. H., Mirsen, T. R., Hachinski, V. C., Fisman, M., Lau, C. S., & Merskey, H. (1987) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1987.00520130016010 · Cited by 1,416 · see citing works
Intraneuronal Aβ42 Accumulation in Human Brain
Gouras, G. K., Tsai, J., Naslund, J., Vincent, B., Edgar, M., Checler, F., Greenfield, J. P., Haroutunian, V., Buxbaum, J. D., Xu, H., et al. (2000) · The American Journal of Pathology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9440(10)64700-1 · Cited by 991 · see citing works
Takahashi, R. H., Milner, T. A., Li, F., Nam, E. E., Edgar, M. A., Yamaguchi, H., Beal, M. F., Xu, H., Greengard, P., & Gouras, G. K. (2002) · The American Journal of Pathology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9440(10)64463-x · Cited by 706 · see citing works
Jawhar, S., Trawicka, A., Jenneckens, C., Bayer, T. A., & Wirths, O. (2012) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2010.05.027 · Cited by 623 · see citing works
Self-citationAt the interface of sensory and motor dysfunctions and Alzheimer’s disease.
Albers, M. W., Gilmore, G. C., Kaye, J., Murphy, C., Wingfield, A., Bennett, D. A., Boxer, A. L., Buchman, A. S., Cruickshanks, K. J., Devanand, D. P., et al. (2015) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2014.04.514 · Cited by 589 · see citing works
Alzheimer disease models and human neuropathology: similarities and differences
Duyckaerts, C. J., Potier, M., & Delatour, B. (2007) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-007-0312-8 · Cited by 441 · see citing works
Eimer, W. A., & Vassar, R. (2013) · Molecular Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/1750-1326-8-2 · Cited by 425 · see citing works
Casas, C., Sergeant, N., Itier, J.-M., Blanchard, V., Wirths, O., van der Kolk, N., Vingtdeux, V., van de Steeg, E., Ret, G., Canton, T., et al. (2004) · The American Journal of Pathology · doi:10.1016/s0002-9440(10)63388-3 · Cited by 400 · see citing works
Self-citationWirths, O., Multhaup, G., & Bayer, T. A. (2004) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2004.02737.x · Cited by 349 · see citing works
Self-citationWirths, O., Multhaup, G., Czech, C., Blanchard, V., Moussaoui, S., Tremp, G., Pradier, L., Beyreuther, K., & Bayer, T. A. (2001) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(01)01876-6 · Cited by 336 · see citing works
Self-citationBehavioral phenotyping of mice in pharmacological and toxicological research
Karl, T., Pabst, R., & von Hörsten, S. (2003) · Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology · doi:10.1078/0940-2993-00301 · Cited by 327 · see citing works
BACE1 gene deletion prevents neuron loss and memory deficits in 5XFAD APP/PS1 transgenic mice
Ohno, M., Cole, S. L., Yasvoina, M., Zhao, J., Citron, M., Berry, R., Disterhoft, J. F., & Vassar, R. (2007) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2006.12.008 · Cited by 290 · see citing works
Miller, B. R., Dorner, J. L., Shou, M., Sari, Y., Barton, S. J., Sengelaub, D. R., Kennedy, R. T., & Rebec, G. V. (2008) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.02.004 · Cited by 280 · see citing works
Monoacylglycerol Lipase Is a Therapeutic Target for Alzheimer's Disease
Chen, R., Zhang, J., Wu, Y., Wang, D., Feng, G., Tang, Y., Teng, Z., & Chen, C. (2012) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2012.09.030 · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Motor signs during the course of Alzheimer disease
Scarmeas, N., Hadjigeorgiou, G. M., Papadimitriou, A., Dubois, B., Sarazin, M., Brandt, J., Albert, M., Marder, K. S., Bell, K. L., Honig, L. S., et al. (2004) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000138440.39918.0c · Cited by 257 · see citing works
Zhang, Z., Liu, X., Schroeder, J. P., Chan, C.-B., Song, M., Yu, S. P., Weinshenker, D., & Ye, K. (2014) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2013.243 · Cited by 242 · see citing works
Urbanc, B., Cruz, L., Le, R., Sanders, J., Ashe, K. H., Duff, K., Stanley, H. E., Irizarry, M. C., & Hyman, B. T. (2002) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.222433299 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Motor signs predict poor outcomes in Alzheimer disease
Scarmeas, N., Albert, M., Brandt, J., Blacker, D., Hadjigeorgiou, G. M., Papadimitriou, A., Dubois, B., Sarazin, M., Wegesin, D. J., Marder, K. S., et al. (2005) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000162054.15428.e9 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Behavioral and EEG changes in male 5xFAD mice
Schneider, F., Baldauf, K., Wetzel, W., & Reymann, K. G. (2014) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.05.041 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Bouter, Y., Dietrich, K., Wittnam, J. L., Rezaei-Ghaleh, N., Pillot, T., Papot-Couturier, S., Lefebvre, T., Sprenger, F., Wirths, O., Zweckstetter, M., et al. (2013) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-013-1129-2 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Self-citationLeroy, K., Ando, K., Laporte, V., Dedecker, R., Suain, V., Authelet, M., Héraud, C., Pierrot, N., Yilmaz, Z., Octave, J.-N., et al. (2012) · The American Journal of Pathology · doi:10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.08.012 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Motor dysfunction in mildly demented AD individuals without extrapyramidal signs
Goldman, W. P., Baty, J., Buckles, V., Sahrmann, S. A., & Morris, J. C. (1999) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.53.5.956 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Relevance of Transgenic Mouse Models to Human Alzheimer Disease
Morrissette, D. A., Parachikova, A. I., Green, K. N., & LaFerla, F. M. (2008) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.r800030200 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Axonopathy in an APP/PS1 transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease
Wirths, O., Weis, J., Szczygielski, J., Multhaup, G., & Bayer, T. A. (2006) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-006-0041-4 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Self-citationArendash, G. W., Gordon, M. N., Diamond, D. M., Austin, L. A., Hatcher-Martin, J. M., Jantzen, P. T., DiCarlo, G., Wilcock, D. M., & Morgan, D. (2001) · DNA and Cell Biology · doi:10.1089/10445490152717604 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Age-dependent axonal degeneration in an Alzheimer mouse model
Wirths, O., Weis, J., Kayed, R., Saido, T. C., & Bayer, T. A. (2007) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2006.07.021 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Self-citationChristensen, D. Z., Kraus, S. L., Flohr, A., Cotel, M.-C., Wirths, O., & Bayer, T. A. (2008) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-008-0451-6 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Self-citationWirths, O., Multhaup, G., Czech, C., Feldmann, N., Blanchard, V., Tremp, G., Beyreuther, K., Pradier, L., & Bayer, T. A. (2002) · Brain Pathology · doi:10.1111/j.1750-3639.2002.tb00442.x · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Self-citationPyroglutamate Abeta pathology in APP/PS1KI mice, sporadic and familial Alzheimer’s disease cases
Wirths, O., Bethge, T., Marcello, A., Harmeier, A., Jawhar, S., Lucassen, P. J., Multhaup, G., Brody, D. L., Esparza, T., Ingelsson, M., et al. (2010) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-009-0314-x · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Self-citationUrano, T., & Tohda, C. (2010) · Phytotherapy Research · doi:10.1002/ptr.3183 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Cholinergic neuropathology in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease
German, D. C., Yazdani, U., Speciale, S. G., Pasbakhsh, P., Games, D., & Liang, C. (2003) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.10737 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Wirths, O., Breyhan, H., Schäfer, S., Roth, C., & Bayer, T. A. (2008) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2006.12.004 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Self-citationIntraneuronal Aβ accumulation and neurodegeneration: Lessons from transgenic models
Wirths, O., & Bayer, T. A. (2012) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2012.02.001 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Self-citationBouter, Y., Kacprowski, T., Weißmann, R., Dietrich, K., Borgers, H., Brauß, A., Sperling, C., Wirths, O., Albrecht, M., Jensen, L. R., et al. (2014) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2014.00075 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Self-citationAPP/PS1KI bigenic mice develop early synaptic deficits and hippocampus atrophy
Breyhan, H., Wirths, O., Duan, K., Marcello, A., Rettig, J., & Bayer, T. A. (2009) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-009-0539-7 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Self-citationMotor impairment in Alzheimer’s disease and transgenic Alzheimer’s disease mouse models
Wirths, O., & Bayer, T. A. (2008) · Genes Brain & Behavior · doi:10.1111/j.1601-183x.2007.00373.x · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Self-citationSaul, A., Sprenger, F., Bayer, T. A., & Wirths, O. (2013) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.05.003 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Self-citationDai, J., Buijs, R. M., Kamphorst, W., & Swaab, D. F. (2002) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(02)03152-9 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Wittnam, J. L., Portelius, E., Zetterberg, H., Gustavsson, M. K., Schilling, S., Koch, B. C. P., Demuth, H., Blennow, K., Wirths, O., & Bayer, T. A. (2012) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m111.308601 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Self-citationPrice, K. A., Varghese, M., Sowa, A., Yuk, F., Brautigam, H., Ehrlich, M. E., & Dickstein, D. L. (2014) · Molecular Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/1750-1326-9-41 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Severe Motor Neuron Degeneration in the Spinal Cord of the Tg2576 Mouse Model of Alzheimer Disease
Seo, J., Leem, Y., Lee, K.-W., Kim, S., Lee, J.-K., & Han, P. (2010) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-2010-091528 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
APP transgenic mice for modelling behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD)
Lalonde, R., Fukuchi, K., & Strazielle, C. (2012) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.02.011 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Early-Onset and Robust Amyloid Pathology in a New Homozygous Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease
Willuweit, A., Velden, J., Godemann, R., Manook, A., Jetzek, F., Tintrup, H., Kauselmann, G., Zevnik, B., Henriksen, G., Drzezga, A. E., et al. (2009) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0007931 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Hahn, S., Brüning, T., Neß, J., Czirr, E., Baches, S., Gijsen, H. J. M., Korth, C., Pietrzik, C. U., Bulic, B., & Weggen, S. (2010) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.07118.x · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Self-citationIn vivo imaging of axonal transport using MRI: aging and Alzheimer’s disease
Minoshima, S., & Cross, D. J. (2008) · European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging · doi:10.1007/s00259-007-0707-8 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Abramowski, D., Rabe, S., Upadhaya, A. R., Reichwald, J., Danner, S., Staab, D., Capetillo-Zarate, E., Yamaguchi, H., Saido, T. C., Wiederhold, K.-H., et al. (2012) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4586-11.2012 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Xiao, A.-W., He, J., Wang, Q., Luo, Y., Sun, Y., Zhou, Y., Yang, G., Lucassen, P. J., & Dai, J. (2011) · Neuroscience Bulletin · doi:10.1007/s12264-011-1736-7 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Christensen, D. Z., Hüttenrauch, M., Mitkovski, M., Pradier, L., & Wirths, O. (2014) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2014.00139 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Self-citationYuan, Q., Su, H., Zhang, Y., Chau, W. H., Ng, C. T., Song, Y., Huang, J., Wu, W., & Lin, Z. (2013) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-122323 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Functional aspects of meningeal lymphatics in ageing and Alzheimer’s disease
Da Mesquita, S., Louveau, A., Vaccari, A., Smirnov, I., Cornelison, R. C., Kingsmore, K. M., Contarino, C., Onengut-Gumuscu, S., Farber, E., Raper, D., et al. (2018) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0368-8 · Cited by 1,445 · see citing works
Systematic phenotyping and characterization of the 5xFAD mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease.
Forner, S., Kawauchi, S., Balderrama-Gutierrez, G., Kramár, E. A., Matheos, D. P., Phan, J., Javonillo, D. I., Tran, K. M., Hingco, E., da Cunha, C., et al. (2021) · Scientific Data · doi:10.1038/s41597-021-01054-y · Cited by 501 · see citing works
SYK coordinates neuroprotective microglial responses in neurodegenerative disease
Ennerfelt, H., Frost, E. L., Shapiro, D. A., Holliday, C., Zengeler, K. E., Voithofer, G., Bolte, A. C., Lammert, C. R., Kulas, J. A., Ulland, T. K., et al. (2022) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2022.09.030 · Cited by 329 · see citing works
Updates in Alzheimer's disease: from basic research to diagnosis and therapies
Liu, E., Zhang, Y., & Wang, J. (2024) · Translational Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/s40035-024-00432-x · Cited by 220 · see citing works
Microglial Piezo1 senses Aβ fibril stiffness to restrict Alzheimer’s disease
Hu, J., Chen, Q., Zhu, H., Hou, L., Liu, W., Yang, Q., Shen, H., Chai, G., Zhang, B., Chen, S., et al. (2022) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2022.10.021 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Updates on mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease
Zhong, M. Z., Peng, T., Duarte, M. L., Wang, M., & Cai, D. (2024) · Molecular Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/s13024-024-00712-0 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Microglial amyloid beta clearance is driven by PIEZO1 channels
Jäntti, H., Sitnikova, V., Ishchenko, Y., Shakirzyanova, A., Giudice, L., Ugidos, I. F., Gómez‐Budia, M., Korvenlaita, N., Ohtonen, S., Belaya, I., et al. (2022) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-022-02486-y · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Wang, M., Yan, C., Li, X., Yang, T., Wu, S., Liu, Q., Luo, Q., & Zhou, F. (2024) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-024-45656-7 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
A cell therapy approach to restore microglial Trem2 function in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease
Yoo, Y., Neumayer, G., Shibuya, Y., Mader, M. M.-D., & Wernig, M. (2023) · Cell Stem Cell · doi:10.1016/j.stem.2023.07.006 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Diesel engine exhaust accelerates plaque formation in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease
Hullmann, M., Albrecht, C., van Berlo, D., Gerlofs-Nijland, M. E., Wahle, T., Boots, A. W., Krutmann, J., Cassee, F. R., Bayer, T. A., & Schins, R. P. F. (2017) · Particle and Fibre Toxicology · doi:10.1186/s12989-017-0213-5 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Self-citationA neurodegenerative cellular stress response linked to dark microglia and toxic lipid secretion
Flury, A. G., Aljayousi, L., Park, H.-J., Khakpour, M., Mechler, J., Aziz, S., McGrath, J. D., Deme, P., Sandberg, C., Ibáñez, F. G., et al. (2024) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2024.11.018 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
ATAD3A oligomerization promotes neuropathology and cognitive deficits in Alzheimer’s disease models
Zhao, Y., Hu, D., Wang, R., Sun, X., Ropelewski, P., Hubler, Z. M. L., Lundberg, K. C., Wang, Q., Adams, D., Xu, R., et al. (2022) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-022-28769-9 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Behaviour Hallmarks in Alzheimer’s Disease 5xFAD Mouse Model
Pádua, M. S., Guil‐Guerrero, J. L., & Lopes, P. A. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25126766 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Centella Asiatica Improves Memory and Promotes Antioxidative Signaling in 5XFAD Mice
Matthews, D. G., Caruso, M., Murchison, C. F., Zhu, J. Y., Wright, K. M., Harris, C. J., Gray, N. E., Quinn, J. F., & Soumyanath, A. (2019) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox8120630 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
“An interesting observation in the progression of 5XFAD pathology is that spine loss (4–9 months) [62] occurs subsequent to cognitive dysfunction (3–6 months) [35,63–66] and Aβ plaque formation (two months) [67].”
BackgroundDelgado‐Peraza, F., Nogueras‐Ortiz, C. J., Volpert, O. V., Liu, D., Goetzl, E. J., Mattson, M. P., Greig, N. H., Eitan, E., & Kapogiannis, D. (2021) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells10050993 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Ginsenoside Rg1 ameliorates Alzheimer's disease pathology via restoring mitophagy
Wang, N., Yang, J., Chen, R., Liu, Y., Liu, S., Pan, Y., Lei, Q., Wang, Y., He, L., Song, Y., et al. (2022) · Journal of Ginseng Research · doi:10.1016/j.jgr.2022.12.001 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Bouter, Y., López‐Noguerola, J. S., Tucholla, P., Crespi, G. A. N., Parker, M. W., Wiltfang, J., Miles, L. A., & Bayer, T. A. (2015) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-015-1489-x · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Self-citationThe effect of aquaporin-4 mis-localization on Aβ deposition in mice
Pedersen, T. J., Keil, S. A., Han, W., Wang, M. X., & Iliff, J. J. (2023) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106100 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Wirths, O., Walter, S., Kraus, I., Klafki, H., Stazi, M., Oberstein, T. J., Ghiso, J. A., Wiltfang, J., Bayer, T. A., & Weggen, S. (2017) · Alzheimer s Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13195-017-0309-z · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Self-citationMMP9 modulation improves specific neurobehavioral deficits in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease
Ringland, C., Schweig, J. E., Eisenbaum, M., Paris, D., Ait‐Ghezala, G., MULLAN, M. J., Crawford, F., Abdullah, L. I., & Bachmeier, C. J. (2021) · BMC Neuroscience · doi:10.1186/s12868-021-00643-2 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Mishra, P., Silva, A., Sharma, J., Nguyen, J., Pizzo, D. P., Hinz, D., Sahoo, D., & Cherqui, S. (2023) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112956 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
The contribution of age-related changes in the gut-brain axis to neurological disorders
Khan, R., Gesù, C. M. D., Lee, J., & McCullough, L. D. (2024) · Gut Microbes · doi:10.1080/19490976.2024.2302801 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Jung, M., Lee, S., Park, S., Hong, J., Kim, C., Cho, I., Sohn, H. S., Kim, K. H., Park, I. W., Yoon, S., et al. (2022) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.202207719 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
<i>INPP5D</i> deficiency attenuates amyloid pathology in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease
Lin, P. B., Tsai, A. P., Soni, D., Lee‐Gosselin, A., Moutinho, M., Puntambekar, S. S., Landreth, G. E., Lamb, B. T., & Oblak, A. L. (2023) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.12849 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Kong, F., Wu, T., Dai, J., Zhai, Z., Cai, J., Zhu, Z., Xu, Y., & Sun, T. (2023) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2023.1205207 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Limited Effects of Prolonged Environmental Enrichment on the Pathology of 5XFAD Mice
Hüttenrauch, M., Walter, S., Kaufmann, M., Weggen, S., & Wirths, O. (2016) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-016-0167-x · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Self-citationSarroca, S., Gatius, A., Rodrı́guez-Farré, E., Vı́lchez, D., Pallàs, M., Griñán‐Ferré, C., Sanfeliu, C., & Corpas, R. (2020) · The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108569 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Abdallah, I. M., Al-Shami, K. M., Yang, E., Wang, J., Guillaume, C., & Kaddoumi, A. (2022) · ACS Chemical Neuroscience · doi:10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00005 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Chen, H., Li, N., Liu, N., Zhu, H., Ma, C., Ye, Y., Shi, X., Luo, G., Dong, X., Tan, T., et al. (2025) · Alzheimer s Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13195-025-01714-w · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Samuels, J. D., Moore, K. A., Ennerfelt, H. E., Johnson, A. M., Walsh, A. E., Price, R. J., & Lukens, J. R. (2023) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1002/alz.13089 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
The effect of dietary fat consumption on Alzheimer’s disease pathogenesis in mouse models
Amelianchik, A., Sweetland-Martin, L., & Norris, E. H. (2022) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-022-02067-w · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Hou, J., Chen, Y., Cai, Z., Heo, G. S., Yuede, C. M., Wang, Z., Lin, K., Saadi, F., Tršan, T., Nguyen, A. T., et al. (2024) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.adj9052 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
CERTL reduces C16 ceramide, amyloid-β levels, and inflammation in a model of Alzheimer’s disease
Crivelli, S. M., Luo, Q., Stevens, J., Giovagnoni, C., van Kruining, D., Bode, G. H., den Hoedt, S., Hobo, B., Scheithauer, A.-L., Walter, J., et al. (2021) · Alzheimer s Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13195-021-00780-0 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Braun, D. J., & Feinstein, D. L. (2017) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2017.12.028 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Franke, T. N., Irwin, C., Bayer, T. A., Brenner, W., Beindorff, N., Bouter, C., & Bouter, Y. (2020) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2020.00529 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Self-citationVera, D. M., Rosell‐Valle, C., López-Gambero, A. J., Navarro, J. A., Zambrana-Infantes, E. N., Rivera, P., Santín, L. J., Suárez, J., & de Fonseca, F. R. (2020) · Biology · doi:10.3390/biology9110377 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Iron Oxide Nanoparticle-Incorporated Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Alzheimer’s Disease Treatment
Jung, M., Kim, H., Hwang, J. W., Choi, Y., Kang, M., Kim, C., Hong, J., Lee, N. K., Moon, S., Chang, J. W., et al. (2023) · Nano Letters · doi:10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c03682 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Li, H., Zhao, J., Lai, L., Xia, Y., Wan, C., Wei, S., Liang, J., Chen, Y., & Xu, N. (2022) · Neurobiology of Aging · doi:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.05.013 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Fernández‐Mendívil, C., Arreola, M. A., Hohsfield, L. A., Green, K. N., & López, M. G. (2020) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox9070644 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Keramidis, I., McAllister, B. B., Bourbonnais, J., Wang, F., Isabel, D., Rezaei, E., Sansonetti, R., Degagne, P., Hamel, J. P., Nazari, M., et al. (2023) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awad250 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Intranasal Dantrolene as a Disease-Modifying Drug in Alzheimer 5XFAD Mice
Shi, Y., Zhang, L., Gao, X., Zhang, J., Abou, M. B., Liang, G., Meng, Q., Hepner, A., Eckenhoff, M. F., & Wei, H. (2020) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-200227 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Quintanilla‐Sánchez, C., Schmitt, F. W., Curdt, N., Westhoff, A. C., Bänfer, I. W. H., Bayer, T. A., & Bouter, Y. (2023) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines11020599 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Self-citationChen, C., Ma, X., Wei, J., Shakir, N., Zhang, J. K., Zhang, L., Nehme, A., Cui, Y., Ferguson, D., Bai, F., et al. (2022) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-022-02132-4 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Zhou, W., Xia, S., Wang, C., Yang, Q., Verkhratsky, A., & Niu, J. (2025) · Cell Death and Disease · doi:10.1038/s41419-025-07893-6 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Zhang, J., Gao, F., Ma, Y., Xue, T., & Shen, Y. (2021) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2021.103327 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Animal models of Alzheimer’s disease: preclinical insights and challenges
Xu, Q., Yang, W., Zhong, M., Lin, Z., Gray, N. E., & Xian, Y. (2023) · Acta Materia Medica · doi:10.15212/amm-2023-0001 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Furr, J. W., Morales‐Scheihing, D., Manwani, B., Lee, J., & McCullough, L. D. (2019) · NeuroMolecular Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12017-019-08568-0 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Most dystrophic neurites in the common 5xFAD Alzheimer mouse model originate from axon terminals
Mabrouk, R., Miettinen, P. O., & Tanila, H. (2023) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106150 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Mladenović, A., Καπετάνου, Μ., Lončarević‐Vasiljković, N., Todorovic, S. T., Athanasopoulou, S., Jović, M., Prvulović, M., Taoufik, E., Matsas, R., Kanazir, S., et al. (2020) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.11.038 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Brain Region-Specific Differences in Amyloid-β Plaque Composition in 5XFAD Mice
Bader, A. S., Gnädig, M.-U., Fricke, M., Büschgens, L., Berger, L. J., Klafki, H., Meyer, T., Jahn, O., Weggen, S., & Wirths, O. (2023) · Life · doi:10.3390/life13041053 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citationTargeting amyloid-β pathology by chimeric antigen receptor astrocyte (CAR-A) therapy
Chen, Y., Liu, Y. A., Nguyen, K. M., Wu, J., Song, S., Lin, K., Rodrigues, P. F., Du, S., Zhou, C., Xiong, K., et al. (2026) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.ads3972 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Jang, Y., Jang, H., Kim, G. H., Noh, J., Chang, K., & Lee, K. J. (2020) · Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology · doi:10.1111/nan.12686 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Abdallah, I. M., Al-Shami, K. M., Alkhalifa, A. E., Al-Ghraiybah, N. F., Guillaume, C., & Kaddoumi, A. (2023) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules28031249 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Yoshida, N., Kato, Y., Takatsu, H., & Fukui, K. (2022) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines10020281 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Vortioxetine administration attenuates cognitive and synaptic deficits in 5×FAD mice
Jiang, L., Huang, G.-D., Feng, S., Wang, H., Zhang, C., & Yu, X. (2020) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-020-05452-9 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Muntsant-Soria, A., & Giménez‐Llort, L. (2021) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines9070715 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Armbrust, F., Bickenbach, K., Marengo, L., Pietrzik, C. U., & Becker‐Pauly, C. (2021) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119164 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Chen, C., Wei, J., Ma, X., Xia, B., Shakir, N., Zhang, J. K., Zhang, L., Cui, Y., Ferguson, D., Qiu, S., et al. (2022) · Neuroscience Bulletin · doi:10.1007/s12264-022-00951-5 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Yang, H., Jiang, L. H., Zhang, Y., Liang, X., Tang, J., He, Q., Luo, Y., Zhou, C., Zhu, L., Zhang, S., et al. (2022) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.25299 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Rai, S. P., Krohn, M., & Pahnke, J. (2020) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-200161 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Cuddy, L. K., Alia, A. O., Salvo, M. A., Chandra, S., Grammatopoulos, T. N., Justman, C. J., Lansbury, P. T., Mazzulli, J. R., & Vassar, R. J. (2022) · Molecular Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/s13024-022-00561-9 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Vera, D. M., Zambrana-Infantes, E. N., López-Gambero, A. J., Verheul-Campos, J., Santín, L. J., Baixerás, E., Suárez, J., Pavón, F. J., Rosell‐Valle, C., & de Fonseca, F. R. (2023) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106295 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Transcorneal electrical stimulation enhances cognitive functions in aged and 5XFAD mouse models
Yu, W. S., Aquili, L., Wong, K. H., Lo, A., Chan, L. L. H., Chan, Y., & Lim, L. W. (2022) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.14850 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Ennerfelt, H. E., Holliday, C., Shapiro, D. A., Zengeler, K. E., Bolte, A. C., Ulland, T., & Lukens, J. R. (2023) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · doi:10.1073/pnas.2303760120 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Weller, A. E., Ferraro, T. N., Doyle, G. A. R., Reiner, B. C., Crist, R. C., & Berrettini, W. H. (2022) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-220391 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Cerebrovascular Dysfunction in Alzheimer’s Disease and Transgenic Rodent Models
Fang, X., Fan, F., & Roman, R. J. (2024) · Journal of Experimental Neurology · doi:10.33696/neurol.5.087 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Cope, Z. A., Murai, T., & Rizzo, S. J. S. (2022) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2022.805063 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Lucero, E., Freund, R. K., Smith, A. N., Johnson, N. R., Dooling, B. R., Sullivan, E. J., Prikhodko, O., Ahmed, M. M., Bennett, D. A., Hohman, T. J., et al. (2022) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2022.105288 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Critical thinking of Alzheimer’s transgenic mouse model: current research and future perspective
Li, X., Quan, M., Wei, Y., Wang, W., Xu, L., Wang, Q., & Jia, J. (2023) · Science China Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s11427-022-2357-x · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Wang, F., Li, Y., Shen, H., Martínez-Feduchi, P., Ji, X., Teng, P., Krishnakumar, S., Hu, J., Chen, L., Feng, Y., et al. (2024) · Genome Medicine · doi:10.1186/s13073-024-01404-6 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Seo, N., Kim, G. H., Noh, J. E., Shin, J. W., Lee, C. H., & Lee, K. J. (2021) · Frontiers in Neuroanatomy · doi:10.3389/fnana.2021.690168 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Wei, J., Ma, X., Nehme, A., Cui, Y., Zhang, L., & Qiu, S. (2022) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2022.954266 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Luo, S., Li, L.-Y., Guo, L.-Z., Wang, L., Wang, Y., Chen, N., & Wang, E. (2022) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2022.978768 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Park, S. E., Kim, H., Kwon, S. J., Kim, M.-J., Choi, S., Oh, S., Ryu, G. H., Jeon, H. B., Na, D. L., & Chang, J. W. (2021) · Stem Cells International · doi:10.1155/2021/6660186 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Linking Social Cognition, Parvalbumin Interneurons, and Oxytocin in Alzheimer’s Disease: An Update
Černotová, D., Hrůzová, K., Levčík, D., Svoboda, J., & Stuchlı́k, A. (2023) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-230333 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Iannucci, J., Dominy, R., Bandopadhyay, S., Arthur, E. M., Noarbe, B. P., Jullienne, A., Krkasharyan, M., Tobin, R. P., Pereverzev, A., Beevers, S., et al. (2024) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-024-03146-z · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Few-shot prediction of amyloid β accumulation from mainly unpaired data on biomarker candidates
Yada, Y., & Naoki, H. (2023) · npj Systems Biology and Applications · doi:10.1038/s41540-023-00321-5 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Campos, G. S.-G., Zafra, Á. M., Rodríguez, M. E., Cordones, I., Ruffini, G., & Márquez‐Ruiz, J. (2025) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2025.1549230 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
E2F4-Based Gene Therapy Mitigates the Phenotype of the Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model 5xFAD
López‐Sánchez, N., Garrido‐García, A., Ramón‐Landreau, M., Cano‐Daganzo, V., & Frade, J. M. (2021) · Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1007/s13311-021-01151-1 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Sofranko, A., Wahle, T., Kolling, J., Heusinkveld, H. J., Stahlmecke, B., Rosenbruch, M., Albrecht, C., & Schins, R. P. F. (2022) · Particle and Fibre Toxicology · doi:10.1186/s12989-022-00461-2 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Weng, Y., He, T., Li, M., Zhou, Q., Xie, J., Wei, L., Wang, X., Wang, J.-Z., Zhong, M., & Li, S. (2026) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1744375 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Kubota, T., & Kirino, Y. (2021) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2021.147496 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Electrophysiological and Imaging Calcium Biomarkers of Aging in Male and Female 5×FAD Mice
Ghoweri, A. O., Ouillette, L., Frazier, H. N., Anderson, K. L., Lin, R., Gant, J. C., Parent, R., Moore, S. J., Murphy, G. G., & Thibault, O. (2020) · Journal of Alzheimer s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-200109 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Gendron, W. A. C., Fertan, E., Roddick, K. M., Wong, A. A., Maliougina, M., Hiani, Y. E., Anini, Y., & Brown, R. E. (2024) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114583 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Marongiu, R., Platholi, J., Park, L., Yu, F., Sommer, G., Woods, C., Milner, T. A., & Glass, M. J. (2025) · Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences · doi:10.3389/fmolb.2025.1597130 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Indigenous gut microbes modulate neural cell state and neurodegenerative disease susceptibility
Blackmer‐Raynolds, L., Lipson, L. D., Kozlov, A., Yang, A., Hill, E. J., Sampson, M. M., Hamilton, A. M., Fraccaroli, I., Kelly, S. D., Chopra, P., et al. (2026) · Cell Systems · doi:10.1016/j.cels.2025.101481 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Sun, X., Pan, S., Li, D., Su, M., Zheng, H., Zhang, Y.-W., & Li, Y. (2025) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0967-24.2025 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Marsland, P., Vore, A. S., Lutzke, A., Gano, A., Fischer, A., Trapp, S., Savage, L. M., & Deak, T. (2025) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2025.03.034 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
In Vivo Seeding of Amyloid-β Protein and Implications in Modeling Alzheimer’s Disease Pathology
Liu, Q., Song, S., Liu, L., & Hong, W. (2025) · Biomolecules · doi:10.3390/biom15040571 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Interaction of amisulpride with GLUT1 at the blood-brain barrier. Relevance to Alzheimer’s disease
Boyanova, S., Lloyd-Morris, E., Corpe, C. P., Rahman, K. M., Farag, D. B., Page, L. K., Wang, H., Fleckney, A. L., Gatt, A. P., Troakes, C., et al. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0286278 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Lim, M. J., Boschen, S. L., Kurti, A., Casey, M. C., Phillips, V. R., Fryer, J. D., Dickson, D. W., Jansen‐West, K. R., Petrucelli, L., Delenclos, M., et al. (2023) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines11102863 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Zhong, J., Li, M., Dai, Z., & Wan, J. (2025) · Neurochemistry International · doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2025.106049 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Xie, D., Zheng, Q., Lv, J., Zhang, Q., Cui, Z., Huang, S., Yu, W., Chen, B., Que, W., Fu, S., et al. (2025) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202510270 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Yang, E., Al-Ghraiybah, N. F., Alkhalifa, A. E., Woodie, L. N., Swinford, S. P., King, J., Greene, M. W., & Kaddoumi, A. (2025) · Pharmacological Research - Natural Products · doi:10.1016/j.prenap.2025.100357 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Morozov, A. V., Burov, A. V., Funikov, S. Y., Teterina, E. V., Astakhova, T. M., Erokhov, P. A., Ustyugov, A. A., & Карпов, В. Л. (2023) · Molecular Biology · doi:10.1134/s0026893323050138 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Amyloid-β-regulated gene circuits for programmable Alzheimer’s disease therapyPreprint
Spetz, M. R., Kim, H., Ligocki, A. P., Shekharan, S. R., Brien, H. J., Chavarría, D., Conger, D. J., Shattuck-Brandt, R. L., Shostak, A., Embalabala, R., et al. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.03.12.642808 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Zhang, L., He, K., Zhang, H., Wu, L., Gao, C., Liu, A., Qiu, S., Sun, Q., & Gao, Q. (2026) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1177/0271678x261470064 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Shivakumar, A. B., Mehak, S. F., Kumari, S., Saraf, V., & Gangadharan, G. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-19-1352-5_14 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Рожкова, И. Н., Brusentsev, E. Y., Rakhmanova, T. A., Kozeneva, V. S., Хоцкин, Н. В., & Amstislavsky, S. Y. (2025) · Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology · doi:10.1134/s0022093025040271 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Gonzalez, C. E., Schurman, C. A., Wilson, K. A., Schilling, B., Ellerby, L., & Tang, S. Y. (2026) · JOR Spine · doi:10.1002/jsp2.70171 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
- Authors
- Richard, B. C., Kurdakova, A., Baches, S., Bayer, T. A., Weggen, S., & Wirths, O.
- Affiliations
- Universitätsmedizin Göttingen (DE)
- Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Wirths, Oliver
- Venue
- Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2015-04-13
- Volume
- 45
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1223-1236
- ISSN
- 1387-2877 (ISSN-L)
- 1875-8908
- OpenAlex
- W1555936968
- Semantic Scholar
- e1e5321ea6e1a64dea7780ea6f33d97f59cf3955
- Cited by
- 142
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 2.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- Locations
- Journal of Alzheimer s Disease (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- GoeScholar The Publication Server of the Georg-August-Universität Göttingen (Georg-August-Universität Göttingen) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Alzheimer Forschung Initiative
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Keywords
- 5xFAD mice, Alzheimer's disease
- MeSH terms
- Aging, Alzheimer Disease, Animals, Body Weight, Brain, Disease Models, Animal, Humans, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Transgenic, Motor Activity, Neurons, Phenotype, Amyloid beta-Peptides, Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor, Age of Onset, Gene Dosage, Maze Learning, Presenilin-1, Spatial Memory
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review