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Cited by 52Thyroid Disorders and TreatmentsAdipose Tissue and MetabolismRegulation of Appetite and Obesity

3,5-diiodothyronine: a novel thyroid hormone metabolite and potent modulator of energy metabolism

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Senese, Rosalba, de Lange, Pieter, Petito, Giuseppe, Moreno, Maria, Goglia, Fernando, Lanni, Antonia·2018·Frontiers in Endocrinology
DOI 10.3389/fendo.2018.00427PMC PMC6068267
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Abstract

Over thirty years of research has demonstrated that 3,5-diiodo-L-thyronine (3,5-T2), an endogenous metabolite of thyroid hormones, exhibits interesting metabolic activities. In rodent models, exogenously administered 3,5-T2 rapidly increases resting metabolic rate and elicits short-term beneficial hypolipidemic effects; however, very few studies have evaluated the effects of endogenous and exogenous T2 in humans. Further analyses on larger cohorts are needed to determine whether 3,5-T2 is a potent additional modulator of energy metabolism. In addition, while several lines of evidence suggest that 3,5-T2 mainly acts through Thyroid hormone receptors (THRs)- independent ways, with mitochondria as a likely cellular target, THRs-mediated actions have also been described. The detailed cellular and molecular mechanisms through which 3,5-T2 elicits a multiplicity of actions remains unknown. Here, we provide an overview of the most recent literature on 3,5-T2 bioactivity with a particular focus on short-term and long-term effects, describing data obtained through in vivo and in vitro approaches in both mammalian and non-mammalian species.

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  • No information had been published on 3,5-T2 concentrations reached in the circulation or in target tissues like liver in those studies.

    “Unfortunately, no information had been published on 3,5-T2 concentrations reached in the circulation or in those target tissues like liver, where beneficial effects such as antisteatotic activity and increased lipid metabolism were reported (15, 17, 28, 89, 90).”

    From 3,5-T2—A Janus-Faced Thyroid Hormone Metabolite Exerts Both Canonical T3-Mimetic Endocrine and Intracrine Hepatic Action (2020) · cites this paper as [15]

    The In vivo studies section says no validated technique was available to measure intracellular 3,5-T2 accurately, supporting the claimed lack of tissue-concentration data for the administration studies. It does not say whether circulating 3,5-T2 concentrations were published for those studies, so that part of the claim is not established by this copy. The serum measurements reported in the section on humans concern different settings. (LLM, conf=0.83)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

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Authors
Senese, R., de Lange, P., Petito, G., Moreno, M., Goglia, F., & Lanni, A.
Affiliations
  • University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" (IT)
  • University of Sannio (IT)
Corresponding author
Lanni, Antonia
ORCID
Venue
Frontiers in Endocrinology
Publisher
Frontiers Media SA
Published
2018-07-25
Volume
9
Pages
427-427
ISSN
1664-2392 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.3389/fendo.2018.00427
PMC
PMC6068267
OpenAlex
W2884437170
Cited by
52
References
5
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 1
FWCI
1.07
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Frontiers in Endocrinology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca - Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" (submittedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
Università degli Studi della Campania Luigi Vanvitelli
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Thyroid Disorders and Treatments
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
Keywords
3,5-diiodothyronine, thyroid hormone metabolites, energy metabolism, resting metabolic rate, hypolipidemic effect, thyroid hormone receptor, mitochondria

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

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