Immunologic and endocrine functions of adipose tissue: implications for kidney disease
Abstract
Excess adiposity can induce adverse sequelae in multiple cell types and organ systems. The transition from the lean to the obese state is characterized by fundamental cellular changes at the level of the adipocyte. These changes affect the local microenvironment within the respective adipose tissue but can also affect nonadipose systems. Adipocytes within fat pads respond to chronic nutrient excess through hyperplasia or hypertrophy, which can differentially affect interorgan crosstalk between various adipose depots and other organs. This crosstalk is dependent on the unique ability of the adipocyte to coordinate metabolic adjustments throughout the body and to integrate responses to maintain metabolic homeostasis. These actions occur through the release of free fatty acids and metabolites during times of energy need - a process that is altered in the obese state. In addition, adipocytes release a wide array of signalling molecules, such as sphingolipids, as well as inflammatory and hormonal factors (adipokines) that are critical for interorgan crosstalk. The interactions of adipose tissue with the kidney - referred to as the adipo-renal axis - are important for normal kidney function as well as the response of the kidney to injury. Here, we discuss the mechanistic basis of this interorgan crosstalk, which clearly has great therapeutic potential given the increasing rates of chronic kidney disease secondary to obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Adipocytes secrete many bioactive substances that influence metabolic and cardiovascular functions, including blood pressure.
“Adipocytes are much more than just energy-storage depots — they secrete many bioactive substances that influence metabolic and cardiovascular functions, including BP110.”
From Obesity, kidney dysfunction and hypertension: mechanistic links (2019) · cites this paper as [110]
Cites
Obesity is associated with macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue
Weisberg, S. P., McCann, D., Desai, M., Rosenbaum, M., Leibel, R. L., & Ferrante, A. W. (2003) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci200319246 · Cited by 10,041 · see citing works
The metabolic phenotype in obesity: Fat mass, body fat distribution, and adipose tissue function
Goossens, G. H. (2017) · Obesity Facts · doi:10.1159/000471488 · Cited by 8,481 · see citing works
Xu, H., Barnes, G. T., Yang, Q., Tan, G., Yang, D., Chou, C. J., Sole, J., Nichols, A., Ross, J. S., Tartaglia, L. A., et al. (2003) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci200319451 · Cited by 6,760 · see citing works
Obesity induces a phenotypic switch in adipose tissue macrophage polarization
Lumeng, C. N., Bodzin, J. L., & Saltiel, A. R. (2007) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci29881 · Cited by 4,664 · see citing works
Chronic kidney disease: global dimension and perspectives
Jha, V., Garcia-Garcia, G., Iseki, K., Li, Z., Naicker, S., Plattner, B., Saran, R., Wang, A. Y.-M., & Yang, C.-W. (2013) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(13)60687-x · Cited by 4,383 · see citing works
Prostaglandins and Inflammation
Ricciotti, E., & FitzGerald, G. A. (2011) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/atvbaha.110.207449 · Cited by 3,852 · see citing works
Beige Adipocytes Are a Distinct Type of Thermogenic Fat Cell in Mouse and Human
Wu, J., Boström, P., Sparks, L. M., Li, Y., Choi, J. H., Giang, A.-H., Khandekar, M. J., Virtanen, K. A., Nuutila, P., Schaart, G., et al. (2012) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2012.05.016 · Cited by 3,299 · see citing works
A Novel Serum Protein Similar to C1q, Produced Exclusively in Adipocytes
Scherer, P. E., Williams, S. P., Fogliano, M., Baldini, G., & Lodish, H. F. (1995) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.270.45.26746 · Cited by 3,238 · see citing works
Self-citationKim, H. J., Park, S. Y., Choi, Y. J., Han, S. J., Lee, K. W., & Kim, D. J. (2013) · Hormone Research in Paediatrics · doi:10.1159/000348848 · Cited by 3,061 · see citing works
What we talk about when we talk about fat
Rosen, E. D., & Spiegelman, B. M. (2014) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2013.12.012 · Cited by 2,373 · see citing works
Angiogenesis and Inflammation in Peritoneal Dialysis: The Role of Adipocytes
Shi, J., Yu, M., & Sheng, M. (2017) · Kidney & Blood Pressure Research · doi:10.1159/000476017 · Cited by 1,403 · see citing works
Retinol-Binding Protein 4 and Insulin Resistance in Lean, Obese, and Diabetic Subjects
Graham, T. E., Yang, Q., Blüher, M., Hammarstedt, A., Ciaraldi, T. P., Henry, R. R., Wason, C. J., Oberbach, A., Jansson, P.-A., Smith, U., et al. (2006) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa054862 · Cited by 1,319 · see citing works
Obesity-associated improvements in metabolic profile through expansion of adipose tissue
Kim, J.-Y., van de Wall, E., Laplante, M., Azzara, A., Trujillo, M. E., Hofmann, S. M., Schraw, T., Durand, J. L., Li, H., Li, G., et al. (2007) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci31021 · Cited by 1,310 · see citing works
Self-citationTracking adipogenesis during white adipose tissue development, expansion and regeneration
Wang, Q. A., Tao, C., Gupta, R. K., & Scherer, P. E. (2013) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.3324 · Cited by 1,262 · see citing works
Self-citationAdipokines in health and disease
Fasshauer, M., & Blüher, M. (2015) · Trends in Pharmacological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tips.2015.04.014 · Cited by 1,050 · see citing works
Stern, J. H., Rutkowski, J. M., & Scherer, P. E. (2016) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2016.04.011 · Cited by 1,031 · see citing works
Self-citationFibrosis and adipose tissue dysfunction.
Sun, K., Tordjman, J., Clément, K., & Scherer, P. E. (2013) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2013.06.016 · Cited by 960 · see citing works
Self-citationApelin, a Newly Identified Adipokine Up-Regulated by Insulin and Obesity
Boucher, J., Masri, B., Daviaud, D., Gesta, S., Guigné, C., Mazzucotelli, A., Castan-Laurell, I., Tack, I., Knibiehler, B., Carpéné, C., et al. (2005) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2004-1427 · Cited by 910 · see citing works
Receptor-mediated activation of ceramidase activity initiates the pleiotropic actions of adiponectin
Holland, W. L., Miller, R. A., Wang, Z. V., Sun, K., Barth, B. M., Bui, H. H., Davis, K. E., Bikman, B. T., Halberg, N., Rutkowski, J. M., et al. (2011) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.2277 · Cited by 892 · see citing works
Self-citationMagkos, F., Fraterrigo, G., Yoshino, J., Luecking, C., Kirbach, K., Kelly, S. C., de las Fuentes, L., He, S., Okunade, A. L., Patterson, B. W., et al. (2016) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2016.02.005 · Cited by 886 · see citing works
Wolf, G., Chen, S., Han, D. C., & Ziyadeh, F. N. (2002) · American Journal of Kidney Diseases · doi:10.1053/ajkd.2002.29865 · Cited by 870 · see citing works
Zoccali, C., Mallamaci, F., Tripepi, G. L., Benedetto, F. A., Cutrupi, S., Parlongo, S., Malatino, L., Bonanno, G., Seminara, G., Rapisarda, F., et al. (2002) · Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.1681/asn.v131134 · Cited by 756 · see citing works
Treatment of Obesity with Celastrol
Liu, J., Lee, J., Salazar Hernandez, M. A., Mazitschek, R., & Ozcan, U. (2015) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2015.05.011 · Cited by 726 · see citing works
Murano, I., Barbatelli, G., Parisani, V., Latini, C., Muzzonigro, G., Castellucci, M., & Cinti, S. (2008) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1194/jlr.m800019-jlr200 · Cited by 726 · see citing works
Obesity-related glomerulopathy: clinical and pathologic characteristics and pathogenesis
D’Agati, V. D., Chagnac, A., de Vries, A. P. J., Levi, M., Porrini, E., Herman‐Edelstein, M., & Praga, M. (2016) · Nature Reviews Nephrology · doi:10.1038/nrneph.2016.75 · Cited by 726 · see citing works
The biology of white adipocyte proliferation
Hausman, D. B., DiGirolamo, M., Bartness, T. J., Hausman, G., & Martin, R. J. (2001) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1046/j.1467-789x.2001.00042.x · Cited by 710 · see citing works
Cinti, S. (2005) · Prostaglandins Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids · doi:10.1016/j.plefa.2005.04.010 · Cited by 690 · see citing works
Association between obesity and kidney disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Wang, Y., Chen, X., Song, Y., Caballero, B. H., & Cheskin, L. J. (2007) · Kidney International · doi:10.1038/sj.ki.5002586 · Cited by 682 · see citing works
Brown adipose tissue as a secretory organ
Villarroya, F., Cereijo, R., Villarroya, J., & Giralt, M. (2016) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/nrendo.2016.136 · Cited by 677 · see citing works
Adipocyte inflammation is essential for healthy adipose tissue expansion and remodeling
Wernstedt Asterholm, I., Tao, C., Morley, T. S., Wang, Q. A., Delgado-Lopez, F., Wang, Z. V., & Scherer, P. E. (2014) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2014.05.005 · Cited by 668 · see citing works
Self-citationLocal Proliferation of Macrophages Contributes to Obesity-Associated Adipose Tissue Inflammation
Amano, S. U., Cohen, J. L., Vangala, P., Tencerová, M., Nicoloro, S. M. C., Yawe, J. C., Shen, Y., Czech, M., & Aouadi, M. (2014) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2013.11.017 · Cited by 613 · see citing works
Adiponectin regulates albuminuria and podocyte function in mice
Sharma, K., RamachandraRao, S., Qiu, G., Usui, H. K., Zhu, Y., Dunn, S., Ouedraogo, R., Hough, K., McCue, P. A., Chan, L., et al. (2008) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci32691 · Cited by 607 · see citing works
Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) and Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease
Bolignano, D., Lacquaniti, A., Coppolino, G., Donato, V., Campo, S., Fazio, M. R., Nicocia, G., & Buemi, M. (2009) · Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.2215/cjn.03530708 · Cited by 561 · see citing works
The Effects of Weight Loss on Renal Function in Patients with Severe Obesity
Chagnac, A., Weinstein, T., Herman, M., Hirsh, J., Gafter, U., & Ori, Y. (2003) · Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.1097/01.asn.0000068462.38661.89 · Cited by 537 · see citing works
Interleukin-6 Signaling Pathway and Its Role in Kidney Disease: An Update
Su, H., Lei, C., & Zhang, C. (2017) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2017.00405 · Cited by 525 · see citing works
Obesity, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease
Hall, J., Juncos, L., Wang, Z., Hall, M., do Carmo, J., & da Silva, A. (2014) · International Journal of Nephrology and Renovascular Disease · doi:10.2147/ijnrd.s39739 · Cited by 520 · see citing works
Adipose angiotensinogen is involved in adipose tissue growth and blood pressure regulation
Massiéra, F., Bloch-Faure, M., Ceiler, D. L., Murakami, K., Fukamizu, A., Gasc, J., Quignard‐Boulangé, A., Négrel, R., Ailhaud, G. P., Seydoux, J., et al. (2001) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.01-0457fje · Cited by 505 · see citing works
Diacylglycerol-mediated insulin resistance
Erion, D. M., & Shulman, G. I. (2010) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm0410-400 · Cited by 493 · see citing works
Furuhashi, M., Saitoh, S., Shimamoto, K., & Miura, T. (2014) · Clinical Medicine Insights Cardiology · doi:10.4137/cmc.s17067 · Cited by 489 · see citing works
The cellular and molecular bases of leptin and ghrelin resistance in obesity
Cui, H., López, M., & Rahmouni, K. (2017) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/nrendo.2016.222 · Cited by 482 · see citing works
Physiology and Pathophysiology of the Adipose Tissue Renin-Angiotensin System
Engeli, S., Negrel, R., & Sharma, A. M. (2000) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.35.6.1270 · Cited by 475 · see citing works
The Adipokine Lipocalin 2 Is Regulated by Obesity and Promotes Insulin Resistance
Yan, Q.-W., Yang, Q., Mody, N., Graham, T. E., Hsu, C.-H., Xu, Z., Houstis, N. E., Kahn, B. B., & Rosen, E. D. (2007) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db07-0007 · Cited by 471 · see citing works
The Angiotensin II AT2 Receptor Is an AT1Receptor Antagonist
AbdAlla, S., Lother, H., Abdel-Tawab, A. M., & Quitterer, U. (2001) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m105253200 · Cited by 462 · see citing works
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in kidney fibrosis: fact or fantasy?
Kriz, W., Kaissling, B., & Hir, M. L. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci44595 · Cited by 456 · see citing works
AMPK dysregulation promotes diabetes-related reduction of superoxide and mitochondrial function
Dugan, L. L., You, Y.-H., Ali, S. S., Diamond-Stanic, M. K., Miyamoto, S., Declèves, A., Andreyev, A. Y., Quach, T., Ly, S., Shekhtman, G., et al. (2013) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci66218 · Cited by 456 · see citing works
Chemerin: at the crossroads of inflammation and obesity
Ernst, M. C., & Sinal, C. J. (2010) · Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.tem.2010.08.001 · Cited by 428 · see citing works
Atherosclerotic Renal Artery Stenosis
Zoccali, C., Mallamaci, F., & Finocchiaro, P. (2002) · Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.1097/01.asn.0000032548.18973.0f · Cited by 428 · see citing works
Ceramides as modulators of cellular and whole-body metabolism
Bikman, B. T., & Summers, S. A. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci57144 · Cited by 425 · see citing works
Huh, J. Y., Park, Y. J., Ham, M., & Kim, J. B. (2014) · Molecules and Cells · doi:10.14348/molcells.2014.0074 · Cited by 416 · see citing works
Osteopontin: A novel regulator at the cross roads of inflammation, obesity and diabetes
Kahles, F., Findeisen, H. M., & Bruemmer, D. (2014) · Molecular Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2014.03.004 · Cited by 393 · see citing works
Wolf, G., Hamann, A., Han, D. C., Helmchen, U. M., Thaiss, F., Ziyadeh, F. N., & Stahl, R. A. K. (1999) · Kidney International · doi:10.1046/j.1523-1755.1999.00626.x · Cited by 391 · see citing works
Obesity Paradox in End-Stage Kidney Disease Patients
Park, J., Ahmadi, S., Streja, E., Molnar, M. Z., Flegal, K. M., Gillen, D. L., Kovesdy, C. P., & Kalantar‐Zadeh, K. (2013) · Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2013.10.005 · Cited by 383 · see citing works
A Pericellular Collagenase Directs the 3-Dimensional Development of White Adipose Tissue
Chun, T.-H., Hotary, K. B., Sabeh, F., Saltiel, A. R., Allen, E. D., & Weiss, S. J. (2006) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.02.050 · Cited by 378 · see citing works
Correlation between Serum Resistin Level and Adiposity in Obese Individuals
Azuma, K., Katsukawa, F., Oguchi, S., Murata, M., Yamazaki, H., Shimada, A., & Saruta, T. (2003) · Obesity Research · doi:10.1038/oby.2003.137 · Cited by 369 · see citing works
Increased Macrophage Migration Into Adipose Tissue in Obese Mice
Oh, D. Y., Morinaga, H., Talukdar, S., Bae, E. J., & Olefsky, J. M. (2011) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db11-0860 · Cited by 365 · see citing works
Chang, Y., Chang, D., Lin, K.-C., Shin, S., & Lee, Y. (2011) · Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews · doi:10.1002/dmrr.1201 · Cited by 357 · see citing works
The adipose tissue microenvironment regulates depot-specific adipogenesis in obesity
Jeffery, E., Wing, A., Holtrup, B., Sebo, Z., Kaplan, J. L., Saavedra-Peña, R., Church, C. D., Colman, L., Berry, R., & Rodeheffer, M. S. (2016) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2016.05.012 · Cited by 352 · see citing works
Leptin Mediates the Increase in Blood Pressure Associated with Obesity
Simonds, S. E., Pryor, J. T., Ravussin, É., Greenway, F. L., Dileone, R., Allen, A. M., Bassi, J. K., Elmquist, J. K., Keogh, J. M., Henning, E., et al. (2014) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2014.10.058 · Cited by 347 · see citing works
Physiological functions of Vitamin D in adipose tissue
Abbas, M. A. (2016) · The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2016.08.004 · Cited by 336 · see citing works
Pajvani, U. B., Trujillo, M. E., Combs, T. P., Iyengar, P., Jelicks, L., Roth, K. A., Kitsis, R. N., & Scherer, P. E. (2005) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm1262 · Cited by 322 · see citing works
Self-citationPTH/PTHrP Receptor Mediates Cachexia in Models of Kidney Failure and Cancer
Kır, S., Komaba, H., Garcia, A. P., Economopoulos, K. P., Liu, W., Lanske, B., Hodin, R. A., & Spiegelman, B. M. (2015) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2015.11.003 · Cited by 312 · see citing works
The immune cells in adipose tissue
Ferrante, A. W. (2013) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.12154 · Cited by 300 · see citing works
Adipose Tissue Extracellular Matrix and Vascular Abnormalities in Obesity and Insulin Resistance
Spencer, M. L., Ünal, R., Zhu, B., Rasouli, N., McGehee, R. E., Peterson, C. A., & Kern, P. A. (2011) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2011-1567 · Cited by 291 · see citing works
A stringent validation of mouse adipose tissue identity markers
de Jong, J. M. A., Larsson, O. S., Cannon, B., & Nedergaard, J. (2015) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00023.2015 · Cited by 287 · see citing works
Adiponectin and Mortality in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Menon, V., Li, L., Wang, X., Greene, T., Balakrishnan, V. S., Madero, M., Pereira, A. A., Beck, G. J., Kusek, J. W., Collins, A. J., et al. (2006) · Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.1681/asn.2006040331 · Cited by 283 · see citing works
Role of AMP-activated protein kinase in adipose tissue metabolism and inflammation
Bijland, S., Mancini, S. J., & Salt, I. P. (2013) · Clinical Science · doi:10.1042/cs20120536 · Cited by 283 · see citing works
Giordano, A., Smorlesi, A., Frontini, A., Barbatelli, G., & Cinti, S. (2014) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje-13-0945 · Cited by 279 · see citing works
Adipokines – removing road blocks to obesity and diabetes therapy
Blüher, M. (2014) · Molecular Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2014.01.005 · Cited by 273 · see citing works
Brown and beige fat: Molecular parts of a thermogenic machine
Cohen, P., & Spiegelman, B. M. (2015) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db15-0318 · Cited by 259 · see citing works
Plasma leptin is partly cleared by the kidney and is elevated in hemodialysis patients
Sharma, K., Considine, R. V., Michael, B., Dunn, S., Weisberg, L. S., Kurnik, B. R. C., Kurnik, P. B., O'Connor, J., Sinha, M. K., & Caro, J. F. (1997) · Kidney International · doi:10.1038/ki.1997.269 · Cited by 257 · see citing works
AMPK Mediates the Initiation of Kidney Disease Induced by a High-Fat Diet
Declèves, A., Mathew, A. V., Cunard, R. A., & Sharma, K. (2011) · Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.1681/asn.2011010026 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
Axelsson, J., Bergsten, A., Qureshi, A. R., Heimbürger, O., Barany, P. F., Lönnqvist, F., Lindholm, B., Nordfors, L., Alvestrand, A., & Stenvinkel, P. (2006) · Kidney International · doi:10.1038/sj.ki.5000089 · Cited by 246 · see citing works
Gastric bypass and banding equally improve insulin sensitivity and β cell function
Bradley, D., Conte, C., Mittendorfer, B., Eagon, J. C., Varela, J. E., Fabbrini, E., Gastaldelli, A., Chambers, K. T., Su, X., Okunade, A., et al. (2012) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci64895 · Cited by 244 · see citing works
Local proliferation of macrophages in adipose tissue during obesity-induced inflammation
Haase, J., Weyer, U., Immig, K., Klöting, N., Blüher, M., Eilers, J., Bechmann, I., & Gericke, M. T. (2013) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-013-3139-y · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Urea-induced ROS generation causes insulin resistance in mice with chronic renal failure
D’Apolito, M., Du, X., Zong, H., Catucci, A., Maiuri, L., Trivisano, T., Pettoello‐Mantovani, M., Campanozzi, A., Raia, V., Pessin, J. E., et al. (2009) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci37672 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
Regulation of lipid accumulation by AMK-activated kinase in high fat diet–induced kidney injury
Declèves, A., Zolkipli‐Cunningham, Z., Satriano, J. A., Wang, L., Nakayama, T., Rogač, M., Le, T. P., Nortier, J., Farquhar, M. G., Naviaux, R. K., et al. (2013) · Kidney International · doi:10.1038/ki.2013.462 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
TGF-β/Smad Signaling in Kidney Disease
Lan, H. Y., & Chung, A. C. K. (2012) · Seminars in Nephrology · doi:10.1016/j.semnephrol.2012.04.002 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
The Obesity Paradox in Kidney Disease: How to Reconcile It With Obesity Management
Kalantar‐Zadeh, K., Rhee, C. M., Chou, J., Ahmadi, S., Park, J., Chen, J. L. T., & Amin, A. (2017) · Kidney International Reports · doi:10.1016/j.ekir.2017.01.009 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
BTBR Ob/Ob Mutant Mice Model Progressive Diabetic Nephropathy
Hudkins, K. L., Pichaiwong, W., Wietecha, T., Kowalewska, J., Banas, M. C., Spencer, M. W., Mühlfeld, A., Koelling, M., Pippin, J. W., Shankland, S. J., et al. (2010) · Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.1681/asn.2009121290 · Cited by 228 · see citing works
Lipoxin A4 Attenuates Obesity-Induced Adipose Inflammation and Associated Liver and Kidney Disease
Börgeson, E., Johnson, A. M. F., Lee, Y. S., Till, A., Syed, G. H., Shah, S. T. A., Guiry, P. J., Dalli, J., Colas, R. A., Serhan, C. N., et al. (2015) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2015.05.003 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Leptin treatment: Facts and expectations
Paz-Filho, G., Mastronardi, C. A., & Licinio, J. (2014) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2014.07.014 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
Bertrand, C., Valet, P., & Castan‐Laurell, I. (2015) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2015.00115 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Yvan‐Charvet, L., & Quignard‐Boulangé, A. (2010) · Kidney International · doi:10.1038/ki.2010.391 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Obesity and kidney disease: potential mechanisms.
Wickman, C., & Kramer, H. (2013) · Seminars in Nephrology · doi:10.1016/j.semnephrol.2012.12.006 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Structural insights into adiponectin receptors suggest ceramidase activity
Vasiliauskaité-Brooks, I., Sounier, R., Rochaix, P., Bellot, G., Fortier, M., Hoh, F., Colibus, L. D., Bechara, C., Saied, E. M., Arenz, C., et al. (2017) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature21714 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Gauthier, M., O’Brien, E. L., Bigornia, S., Mott, M. M., Cacicedo, J. M., Xu, X. J., Gokce, N., Apovian, C. M., & Ruderman, N. B. (2010) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.11.127 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Plasma Osteopontin Levels and Expression in Adipose Tissue Are Increased in Obesity
Gómez‐Ambrosi, J., Catalán, V., Ramírez, B., Rodrı́guez, A., Colina, I., Silva, C., Rotellar, F., Mugueta, C., Gil, M. J., Cienfuegos, J. A., et al. (2007) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2007-0349 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Withaferin A is a leptin sensitizer with strong antidiabetic properties in mice
Lee, J., Liu, J., Feng, X., Hernández, M. A. S., Mucka, P., Ibi, D., Choi, J. W., & Özcan, U. (2016) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm.4145 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Adipose Tissue-Derived Omentin-1 Function and Regulation
Watanabe, T., Watanabe‐Kominato, K., Takahashi, Y., Kojima, M., & Watanabe, R. (2017) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/cphy.c160043 · Cited by 210 · see citing works
ASC-1, PAT2, and P2RX5 are cell surface markers for white, beige, and brown adipocytes
Ussar, S., Lee, K. Y., Dankel, S. N., Boucher, J., Haering, M.-F., Kleinridders, A., Thomou, T., Xue, R., Macotela, Y., Cypess, A. M., et al. (2014) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3008490 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
The brown fat secretome: metabolic functions beyond thermogenesis
Wang, G.-X., Zhao, X.-Y., & Lin, J. D. (2015) · Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.tem.2015.03.002 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Ohashi, K., Iwatani, H., Kihara, S., Nakagawa, Y., Komura, N., Fujita, K., Maeda, N., Nishida, M., Katsube, F., Shimomura, I., et al. (2007) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/atvbaha.107.147645 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Systemic Fate of the Adipocyte-Derived Factor Adiponectin
Halberg, N., Schraw, T., Wang, Z. V., Kim, J., Yi, J., Hamilton, M. P., Luby‐Phelps, K., & Scherer, P. E. (2009) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db08-1750 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Self-citationVisfatin: Structure, Function and Relation to Diabetes Mellitus and Other Dysfunctions
Adeghate, E. (2008) · Current Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.2174/092986708785133004 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
O’Rourke, R. W., Metcalf, M. D., White, A. E., Madala, A., Winters, B. R., Maizlin, I. I., Jobe, B. A., Roberts, C. T., Slifka, M. K., & Marks, D. L. (2009) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2009.133 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Lee, B. T., Ahmed, F. A., Hamm, L. L., Teran, F. J., Chen, C.-S., Liu, Y., Shah, K., Rifai, N., Batuman, V., Simon, E. E., et al. (2015) · BMC Nephrology · doi:10.1186/s12882-015-0068-7 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Holland, W. L., Xia, J. Y., Johnson, J. A., Sun, K., Pearson, M. J., Sharma, A. X., Quittner-Strom, E. B., Tippetts, T. S., Gordillo, R., & Scherer, P. E. (2017) · Molecular Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2017.01.002 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Self-citationObesity and Diabetic Kidney Disease
Maric‐Bilkan, C. (2012) · Medical Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.mcna.2012.10.010 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Local proliferation initiates macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue during obesity
Zheng, C., Yang, Q., Cao, J., Xie, N., Liu, K., Shou, P., Qian, F., Wang, Y., & Shi, Y. (2016) · Cell Death and Disease · doi:10.1038/cddis.2016.54 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Adiponectin Promotes Functional Recovery after Podocyte Ablation
Rutkowski, J. M., Wang, Z. V., Park, A. S. D., Zhang, J., Zhang, D., Hu, M. C., Moe, O. W., Suszták, K., & Scherer, P. E. (2013) · Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.1681/asn.2012040414 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Self-citationLeptin is cleared from the circulation primarily by the kidney.
Cumin, F., Baum, H.-P., & Levens, N. (1996) · PubMed · Cited by 164 · see citing works
The Role of Apelin in Cardiovascular Function and Heart Failure
Chandrasekaran, B., Dar, O., & McDonagh, T. A. (2008) · European Journal of Heart Failure · doi:10.1016/j.ejheart.2008.06.002 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
ACE, angiotensinogen and obesity: a potential pathway leading to hypertension
Cooper, R., McFarlane‐Anderson, N., Bennett, F., Wilks, R., Puras, A., Tewksbury, D. A., Ward, R. H., & Forrester, T. (1997) · Journal of Human Hypertension · doi:10.1038/sj.jhh.1000391 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Macrophage Proliferation Sustains Adipose Tissue Inflammation in Formerly Obese Mice
Zamarron, B. F., Mergian, T. A., Cho, K. W., Martinez-Santibañez, G., Luan, D., Singer, K., DelProposto, J. L., Geletka, L. M., Muir, L. A., & Lumeng, C. N.-K. (2016) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db16-0500 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Plasma, urine, and renal expression of adiponectin in human systemic lupus erythematosus
Rovin, B. H., Song, H., Hebert, L. A., Nádasdy, T., Nadasdy, G. M., Birmingham, D. J., Yu, C. Y., & Nagaraja, H. N. (2005) · Kidney International · doi:10.1111/j.1523-1755.2005.00601.x · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Bouskila, M., Pajvani, U. B., & Scherer, P. E. (2005) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0802908 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Self-citationLosartan reverses permissive epigenetic changes in renal glomeruli of diabetic db/db mice
Reddy, M. A., Putta, S., Lanting, L. L., Yuan, H., Wang, M., Mar, D., Alpers, C. E., Bomsztyk, K., & Natarajan, R. D. (2013) · Kidney International · doi:10.1038/ki.2013.387 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Tirosh, A., Golan, R., Harman‐Boehm, I., Henkin, Y., Schwarzfuchs, D., Rudich, A., Kovsan, J., Fiedler, M., Blüher, M., Stümvoll, M., et al. (2013) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc12-1846 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
An adipo-biliary-uridine axis that regulates energy homeostasis
Deng, Y., Wang, Z. V., Gordillo, R., An, Y., Zhang, C., Liang, Q., Yoshino, J., Cautivo, K. M., Brabander, J. K. D., Elmquist, J. K., et al. (2017) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aaf5375 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Self-citationLin, Z., Zhou, Z., Liu, Y., Gong, Q., Yan, X., Xiao, J., Wang, X., Lin, S., Feng, W., & Li, X. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0018398 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Zoccali, C., Mallamaci, F., Panuccio, V. A., Tripepi, G. L., Cutrupi, S., Parlongo, S., Catalano, F., Tanaka, S., Ouchi, N., Kihara, S., et al. (2003) · Kidney International · doi:10.1046/j.1523-1755.63.s84.49.x · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Adipose tissue B2 cells promote insulin resistance through leukotriene LTB4/LTB4R1 signaling
Ying, W., Wollam, J., Ofrecio, J. M., Bandyopadhyay, G., El Ouarrat, D., Lee, Y. S., Oh, D. Y., Li, P., Osborn, O., & Olefsky, J. M. (2017) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci90350 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Higher vaspin levels in subjects with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus: A meta-analysis
Feng, R., Li, Y., Wang, C., Luo, C., Liu, L., Chuo, F., Li, Q., & Sun, C. (2014) · Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2014.07.026 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Cameron, K. O., Kung, D. W., Kalgutkar, A. S. S., Kurumbail, R. G., Miller, R., Salatto, C. T., Ward, J., Withka, J. M., Bhattacharya, S. K., Boehm, M., et al. (2016) · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00866 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Characterization and localization of leptin receptors in the rat kidney
Gal, C. S., Raufaste, D., Brossard, G., Pouzet, B., Marty, E., Maffrand, J., & Fur, G. L. (1997) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/s0014-5793(97)00125-7 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Cipolletta, D. (2014) · Immunology · doi:10.1111/imm.12262 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Origins of metabolic complications in obesity
Mittendorfer, B. (2011) · Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care · doi:10.1097/mco.0b013e32834ad8b6 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Lipoxin A 4 attenuates adipose inflammation
Börgeson, E., McGillicuddy, F. C., Harford, K. A., Corrigan, N., Higgins, D. F., MADERNA, P., Roche, H. M., & Godson, C. (2012) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.12-208249 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Atherogenic effects of TNF-α and IL-6 via up-regulation of scavenger receptors
Hashizume, M., & Mihara, M. (2012) · Cytokine · doi:10.1016/j.cyto.2012.02.010 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Lim, A. K. H., Nikolic‐Paterson, D. J., Ma, F. Y., Ozols, E., Thomas, M. C., Flavell, R. A., Davis, R. J., & Tesch, G. H. (2008) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-008-1215-5 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Sharma, J. N., & Mohammed, L. (2006) · Inflammopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s10787-006-1496-6 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Resveratrol increases AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 expression in type 2 diabetic nephropathy
Park, H. S., Lim, J. H., Kim, M. Y., Kim, Y., Hong, Y. A., Choi, S. R., Chung, S., Kim, H. W., Choi, B. S., Kim, Y., et al. (2016) · Journal of Translational Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12967-016-0922-9 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Adipocytes Secrete Leukotrienes
Mothe‐Satney, I., Filloux, C., Amghar, H., Pons, C., Bourlier, V., Galitzky, J., Grimaldi, P. A., Féral, C. C., Bouloumié, A., OBBERGHEN, E. V., et al. (2012) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db11-1455 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Furuhashi, M., Ishimura, S., Ota, H., Hayashi, M., Nishitani, T., Tanaka, M., Yoshida, H., Shimamoto, K., Hotamışlıgil, G. S., & Miura, T. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0027356 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Yiannikouris, F. B., Karounos, M., Charnigo, R. J., English, V. L., Rateri, D. L., Daugherty, A., & Cassis, L. A. (2011) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00323.2011 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Lourenço, E. V., Liu, A., Matarese, G., & Cava, A. L. (2016) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1607101113 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Afshinnia, F., Rajendiran, T. M., Karnovsky, A., Soni, T., Wang, X., Xie, D., Yang, W. P., Shafi, T., Weir, M. R., He, J., et al. (2016) · Kidney International Reports · doi:10.1016/j.ekir.2016.08.007 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Cole, B. K., Keller, S. R., Wu, R., Carter, J. D., Nadler, J. L., & Nunemaker, C. S. (2010) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.109.148049 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Low Serum Leptin Predicts Mortality in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease Stage 5
Scholze, A., Rattensperger, D., Zidek, W., & Tepel, M. (2007) · Obesity · doi:10.1038/oby.2007.191 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Angiotensin type 1 receptor modulates macrophage polarization and renal injury in obesity
Ma, L.-J., Corsa, B. A., Zhou, J., Yang, H., Li, H., Tang, Y., Babaev, V. R., Major, A. S., Linton, M. F., Fazio, S., et al. (2011) · American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00468.2010 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Osteopontin is a key player for local adipose tissue macrophage proliferation in obesity
Tardelli, M., Zeyda, K., Moreno‐Viedma, V., Wanko, B., Grün, N. G., Staffler, G., Zeyda, M., & Stulnig, T. M. (2016) · Molecular Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2016.09.003 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Frey, S. K., Nagl, B., Henze, A., Raila, J., Schlosser, B., Berg, T., Tepel, M., Zidek, W., Weickert, M. O., Pfeiffer, A. F. H., et al. (2008) · Lipids in Health and Disease · doi:10.1186/1476-511x-7-29 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Zhu, Q., Ghoshal, S., Rodrigues, A. P. C., Gao, S., Asterian, A., Kamenecka, T. M., Barrow, J. C., & Chakraborty, A. (2016) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci85510 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Self-citationLesná, I. K., Králová, A., Čejková, S., Froněk, J., Petráš, M., Sekerková, A., Thieme, F., Janoušek, L., & Poledne, R. (2016) · Journal of Translational Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12967-016-0962-1 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Dieplinger, B., Mueller, T., Kollerits, B., Struck, J., Ritz, E., von Eckardstein, A., Haltmayer, M., & Kronenberg, F. (2008) · Kidney International · doi:10.1038/ki.2008.560 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Genetic deficiency of angiotensinogen produces an impaired urine concentrating ability in mice
Kihara, M., Umemura, S., Sumida, Y., Yokoyama, N., Yabana, M., Nyui, N., Tamura, K., Murakami, K., Fukamizu, A., & Ishii, M. (1998) · Kidney International · doi:10.1046/j.1523-1755.1998.00801.x · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Salatto, C. T., Miller, R., Cameron, K. O., Cokorinos, E., Reyes, A. R., Ward, J., Calabrese, M. F., Kurumbail, R. G., Rajamohan, F., Kalgutkar, A. S. S., et al. (2017) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1124/jpet.116.237925 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
The AMPK Agonist AICAR Inhibits TGF-β1 Induced Activation of Kidney Myofibroblasts
Chen, K., Hsu, H., Lee, C., Yen, T.-H., Ko, Y.-C., Yang, C., & Hung, C. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0106554 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Relationship between Plasma Leptin Level and Chronic Kidney Disease
Shankar, A., Syamala, S., Xiao, J., & Muntner, P. (2012) · International Journal of Nephrology · doi:10.1155/2012/269532 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Yvan‐Charvet, L., Massiéra, F., Lamandé, N., Ailhaud, G. P., Teboul, M., Moustaïd‐Moussa, N., Gasc, J., & Quignard‐Boulangé, A. (2008) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2008-1120 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Up-regulation of adiponectin, its isoforms and receptors in end-stage kidney disease
Shen, Y., CHARLESWORTH, J. A., Kelly, J. J., Loi, K., & Peake, P. W. (2006) · Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation · doi:10.1093/ndt/gfl552 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Benndorf, R. A., Krebs, C. F., Hirsch-Hoffmann, B., Schwedhelm, E., Cieslar, G., Schmidt-Haupt, R., Steinmetz, O. M., Meyer‐Schwesinger, C., Thaiss, F., Haddad, M., et al. (2009) · Kidney International · doi:10.1038/ki.2009.2 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Cammisotto, P., Londoño, I., Gingras, D., & Bendayan, M. (2008) · American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00373.2007 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Fat redistribution and adipocyte transformation in uninephrectomized rats
Zhao, H., Sui, Y., Guan, J. Z., He, L., Zhu, X., Fan, R., Xu, G., Kong, A. P. S., Ho, C. S., Lai, F. M., et al. (2008) · Kidney International · doi:10.1038/ki.2008.195 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Kimura, T., Yasuda, K., Yamamoto, R., Soga, T., Rakugi, H., Hayashi, T., & Isaka, Y. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep26138 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Lorenzen, J. M., Krämer, R., Kliem, V., Bode‐Böger, S. M., Veldink, H., Haller, H. G., Fliser, D., & Kielstein, J. T. (2010) · European Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2362.2010.02271.x · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Li, H., Li, M., Liu, P., Wang, Y., Zhang, H., Li, H., Yang, S.-F., Song, Y., Yin, Y., Gao, L., et al. (2016) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.116.07008 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
von Eynatten, M., Liu, D., Hock, C., Oikonomou, D., Baumann, M., Allolio, B., Korosoglou, G., Morcos, M., Câmpean, V., Amann, K., et al. (2009) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db09-0204 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Lim, C. C., Teo, B. W., Tai, E. S., Lim, S. C., Chan, C. M., Sethi, S. K., Wong, T. Y., & Sabanayagam, C. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0122009 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Adiponectin reduces proteinuria in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats
中牧, 慎., Satoh, H., Kudoh, A., Hayashi, Y., Hirai, H., & Watanabe, T. (2011) · Experimental Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1258/ebm.2011.010218 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Lee, J.-T., Pamir, N., Liu, N.-C., Kirk, E. A., Averill, M. M., Becker, L., Larson, I. A., Hagman, D. K., Foster‐Schubert, K. E., Yserloo, B. V., et al. (2014) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2014-1037 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Dadson, P., Landini, L., Helmiö, M., Hannukainen, J. C., Immonen, H., Honka, M., Bucci, M., Savisto, N., Soinio, M., Salminen, P. T. P., et al. (2015) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc15-1447 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Adipose‐tissue regulatory T cells: Critical players in adipose‐immune crosstalk
Becker, M., Levings, M. K., & Daniel, C. (2017) · European Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1002/eji.201646739 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Adiponectin alters renal calcium and phosphate excretion through regulation of klotho expression
Rutkowski, J. M., Pastor, J. V., Sun, K., Park, S. K., Bobulescu, I. A., Chen, C. T., Moe, O. W., & Scherer, P. E. (2016) · Kidney International · doi:10.1016/j.kint.2016.09.016 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Self-citationAMP-activated protein kinase, fatty acid metabolism, and insulin sensitivity
Smith, B. K., & Steinberg, G. R. (2017) · Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care · doi:10.1097/mco.0000000000000380 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Cantarin, M. P. M., Keith, S. W., Waldman, S. A., & Falkner, B. E. (2014) · Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation · doi:10.1093/ndt/gfu249 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Progression of renal fibrosis: the underestimated role of endothelial alterations
Guerrot, D., Dussaule, J., Kavvadas, P., Boffa, J., Chadjichristos, C. E., & Chatziantoniou, C. (2012) · Fibrogenesis & Tissue Repair · doi:10.1186/1755-1536-5-s1-s15 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Serum Levels of the Adipokine Progranulin Depend on Renal Function
Richter, J., Focke, D., Ebert, T., Kovacs, P. L., Bachmann, A., Lössner, U., Kralisch, S., Kratzsch, J., Beige, J., Anders, M. S., et al. (2012) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc12-0220 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Chronic kidney disease: targeting prostaglandin E2receptors
Nasrallah, R., Hassouneh, R., & Hébert, R. (2014) · American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00224.2014 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Sas, K. M., Kayampilly, J. B. P., & Saha, H. Z. J. (2015) · Journal of Proteomics & Bioinformatics · doi:10.4172/jpb.s14-002 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Blanca, A. J., Ruiz-Armenta, M. V., Zambrano, S. S., Salsoso, R., Miguel‐Carrasco, J. L., Fortuño, A., Revilla, E., Mate, A., & Vázquez, C. M. (2016) · Journal of Cellular Biochemistry · doi:10.1002/jcb.25526 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Leptin is a coactivator of TGF-β in unilateral ureteral obstructive kidney disease
Kümpers, P., Gueler, F., Rong, S., Mengel, M., Tossidou, I., Peters, I., Haller, H. G., & Schiffer, M. (2007) · American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00003.2007 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Thrombospondin 1 mediates renal dysfunction in a mouse model of high-fat diet-induced obesity
Cui, W., Maimaitiyiming, H., Qi, X., Norman‐Burgdolf, H., & Wang, S. (2013) · American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00209.2013 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Niu, H., Li, Y., Li, H., Chi, Y., Zhuang, M., Zhang, T., Liu, M., & Nie, L. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep20171 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
An Updated Mini Review of Vitamin D and Obesity: Adipogenesis and Inflammation State
Mehmood, Z.-T.-N. H., & Papandreou, D. (2016) · Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.3889/oamjms.2016.103 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Virtue, S., Masoodi, M., de Weijer, B. A., van Eijk, M., Mok, C. Y. L., Eiden, M. J., Dale, M. M., Pirraco, A., Serlie, M. J. M., Griffin, J. L., et al. (2015) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2015.34 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Saldanha, J. F., Carrero, J. J., Lobo, J. C., Stockler‐Pinto, M. B., Leal, V. D. O., Calixto, A., Geloneze, B., & Mafra, D. (2011) · Regulatory Peptides · doi:10.1016/j.regpep.2011.09.010 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Prognostic Implication of Plasma Osteopontin Levels in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Barreto, D. V., Lenglet, A., Liabeuf, S., Kretschmer, A., Barreto, F. C., Nollet, A., Slama, M., Choukroun, G. J., Brazier, M., & Massy, Z. A. (2010) · Nephron Clinical Practice · doi:10.1159/000321520 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Maeda, A., Tamura, K., Wakui, H., Dejima, T., Ohsawa, M., Azushima, K., Kanaoka, T., Uneda, K., Matsuda, M., Yamashita, A., et al. (2013) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.113.000312 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Serum Levels of Omentin in End-Stage Renal Disease Patients
Alçelik, A., Tosun, M., Özlü, M. F., Eroğlu, M., Aktaş, G., Kemahlı, E., Şavlı, H., & Yazıcı, M. (2012) · Kidney & Blood Pressure Research · doi:10.1159/000338796 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Patel, S. N., Ali, Q., & Hussain, T. (2016) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hypertensionaha.115.06881 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Kidney transplantation in obese patients
Tran, M., Foster, C. E., Kalantar‐Zadeh, K., & Ichii, H. (2016) · World Journal of Transplantation · doi:10.5500/wjt.v6.i1.135 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Korolczuk, A., & Bełtowski, J. (2017) · Current Pharmaceutical Design · doi:10.2174/1381612823666170124114524 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Mou, X., Zhou, D., Zhou, D., Ma, J., Liu, Y.-H., Chen, H., Hu, Y., Shou, C.-M., Chen, J., Liu, W., et al. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0149513 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Adiponectin is expressed and secreted by renal tubular epithelial cells
Perri, A., Vizza, D., Lofaro, D., Gigliotti, P., Leone, F., Brunelli, E., Malivindi, R., Amicis, F. D., Romeo, F., Stefano, R. D., et al. (2013) · Journal of Nephrology · doi:10.5301/jn.5000269 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Ceramides and cardiac function in children with chronic kidney disease
the CKiD study group, Mitsnefes, M. M., Scherer, P. E., Friedman, L. A., Gordillo, R., Furth, S. L., & Warady, B. A. (2014) · Pediatric Nephrology · doi:10.1007/s00467-013-2642-1 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Self-citationPanduru, N. M., Saraheimo, M., Forsblom, C. M., Thorn, L. M., Gordin, D., Wadén, J., Tolonen, N., Bierhaus, A., Humpert, P. M., & Groop, P. (2015) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc14-2276 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Uneda, K., Wakui, H., Maeda, A., Azushima, K., Kobayashi, R., Haku, S., Ohki, K., Haruhara, K., Kinguchi, S., Matsuda, M., et al. (2017) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.117.006120 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Cătoi, A. F., Suciu, S., Pârvu, A. E., Copăescu, C., Galea, R. F., Buzoianu, A. D., Vereșiu, I. A., CĂTOI, C., & Pop, I. (2014) · Medicine and Pharmacy Reports · doi:10.15386/cjm.2014.8872.871.afc1 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Crasto, C., Semba, R. D., Sun, K., & Ferrucci, L. (2012) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2011.03879.x · Cited by 38 · see citing works
A Pegylated Leptin Antagonist Ameliorates CKD-Associated Cachexia in Mice
Cheung, W. W., Ding, W. Q., Gunta, S. S., Gu, Y., Tabakman, R., Klapper, L. N., Gertler, A., & MAK, R. H. K. (2013) · Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.1681/asn.2013040432 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Kobayashi, R., Wakui, H., Azushima, K., Uneda, K., Haku, S., Ohki, K., Haruhara, K., Kinguchi, S., Matsuda, M., Ohsawa, M., et al. (2017) · Kidney International · doi:10.1016/j.kint.2016.10.035 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Azushima, K., Ohki, K., Wakui, H., Uneda, K., Haku, S., Kobayashi, R., Haruhara, K., Kinguchi, S., Matsuda, M., Maeda, A., et al. (2017) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.116.004488 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
The Effect of Weight Loss in Obesity and Chronic Kidney Disease
Morales, E., & Praga, M. (2012) · Current Hypertension Reports · doi:10.1007/s11906-012-0247-x · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Longitudinal Association between Serum Leptin Concentration and Glomerular Filtration Rate in Humans
Pedone, C., Roshanravan, B., Scarlata, S., Patel, K. V., Ferrucci, L., & Incalzi, R. A. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0117828 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Şengül, E., Duygulu, G., Dindar, S., & Bunul, F. (2013) · Renal Failure · doi:10.3109/0886022x.2013.817256 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Chronic kidney disease promotes chronic inflammation in visceral white adipose tissue
Xiang, D. M., Song, X., Zhou, Z. M., Liu, Y., Dai, X. Y., Huang, X. L., Hou, F. F., & Zhou, Q. G. (2017) · American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00584.2016 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Guo, H., Li, H., Wang, B., Ding, W. Q., Ling, L., Yang, M., Gu, Y., & Niu, J. (2017) · Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1159/000464118 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Increased plasma levels of the mature and intermediate forms of adrenomedullin in obesity
Nomura, I., Kato, J., Tokashiki, M., & Kitamura, K. (2009) · Regulatory Peptides · doi:10.1016/j.regpep.2009.08.003 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Guo, X., Zhou, G., Guo, M., Cheung, A. K., Huang, Y., & Beddhu, S. (2014) · Physiological Reports · doi:10.1002/phy2.230 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Lesná, I. K., Čejková, S., Králová, A., Froněk, J., Petráš, M., Sekerková, A., Thieme, F., Janoušek, L., & Poledne, R. (2017) · Nutrition and Diabetes · doi:10.1038/nutd.2017.15 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Circulating adipocyte fatty acid binding protein is increased in chronic and acute renal dysfunction
Ebert, T., Hopf, L., Wurst, U., Bachmann, A., Kralisch, S., Lössner, U., Platz, M., Kratzsch, J., Stolzenburg, J. ‐., Dietel, A., et al. (2014) · Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2014.03.006 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Obara, N., Yamagishi, S., Taguchi, K., Kaida, Y., Yokoro, M., Nakayama, Y., Ando, R., Asanuma, K., Matsui, T., Ueda, S., et al. (2016) · Clinical and Experimental Nephrology · doi:10.1007/s10157-016-1265-9 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Association of serum adiponectin level with albuminuria in chronic kidney disease patients
Kim, H. Y., Bae, E. H., Kwon, S., Chae, D., Choi, K. H., Kim, Y., Hwang, Y., Ahn, C., & Kim, S. W. (2015) · Clinical and Experimental Nephrology · doi:10.1007/s10157-015-1173-4 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Satirapoj, B., Supasyndh, O., Mayteedol, N., Punpanich, D., Chaiprasert, A., Nata, N., Ruangkanchanasetr, P., Kanjanakul, I., & Choovichian, P. (2012) · Nephrology · doi:10.1111/nep.12023 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Adipokines and their Relation to Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Ambarkar, M. (2016) · JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH · doi:10.7860/jcdr/2016/15867.7060 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Serum adiponectin and protein–energy wasting in predialysis chronic kidney disease
Hyun, Y. Y., Lee, K., Oh, K., Ahn, C., Park, S. K., Chae, D., Yoo, T., Cho, K. H., Kim, Y., & Hwang, Y. (2016) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.nut.2016.06.014 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Ding, N., Liu, B., Song, J., Bao, S., Zhen, J., Lv, Z., & Wang, R. (2016) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.10.079 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Ali, Q., Dhande, I. S., Samuel, P., & Hussain, T. (2016) · Journal of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System · doi:10.1177/1470320316661871 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Briffa, J. F., Grinfeld, E., Mathai, M. L., Poronnik, P., McAinch, A. J., & Hryciw, D. H. (2014) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2014.11.024 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
3 of the 222 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Adipogenesis and metabolic health
Ghaben, A. L., & Scherer, P. E. (2019) · Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/s41580-018-0093-z · Cited by 1,395 · see citing works
Self-citationObesity, kidney dysfunction and hypertension: mechanistic links
Hall, J. E., do Carmo, J. M., da Silva, A. A., Wang, Z., & Hall, M. E. (2019) · Nature Reviews Nephrology · doi:10.1038/s41581-019-0145-4 · Cited by 654 · see citing works
Signaling pathways of chronic kidney diseases, implications for therapeutics
Yuan, Q., Tang, B., & Zhang, C. (2022) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-022-01036-5 · Cited by 480 · see citing works
“These adipocytes release FFAs and metabolites, including inflammatory factors, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor (TNFα), and hormonal factors, such as leptin, angiotensin II, which mediate kidney injury.(56) In other tissues, like the liver, kidney, and heart, PPAR-γ is also expressed at a low le…”
BackgroundAdiponectin, Leptin and Cardiovascular Disorders
Zhao, S., Kusminski, C. M., & Scherer, P. E. (2021) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.120.314458 · Cited by 398 · see citing works
Self-citationKarczewski, J., Śledzińska, E., Baturo, A., Jończyk, I., Maleszko, A., Maleszko, A., Samborski, P., Krasińska, B., & Dobrowolska, A. (2018) · European Cytokine Network · doi:10.1684/ecn.2018.0415 · Cited by 315 · see citing works
Obesity, kidney dysfunction, and inflammation: interactions in hypertension
Hall, J. E., Mouton, A. J., da Silva, A. A., Omoto, A. C. M., Wang, Z., Li, X., & do Carmo, J. M. (2020) · Cardiovascular Research · doi:10.1093/cvr/cvaa336 · Cited by 280 · see citing works
“Although excessive weight gain and increased adiposity initially cause modest increases in BP, obesity-induced metabolic and inflammatory disorders interact with HT to promote gradual injury to blood vessels and various organs, including the heart and kidneys.(6,120,156,157) The impact of obesity on chronic kidney dis…”
BackgroundPro-resolving lipid mediators: regulators of inflammation, metabolism and kidney function
Brennan, E. P., Kantharidis, P., Cooper, M. E., & Godson, C. (2021) · Nature Reviews Nephrology · doi:10.1038/s41581-021-00454-y · Cited by 276 · see citing works
Inter-organ crosstalk during development and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Xourafa, G., Korbmacher, M., & Roden, M. (2024) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/s41574-023-00898-1 · Cited by 274 · see citing works
“NAFLD (also known as MASLD) which comprises steatosis, NASH, fibrosis and cirrhosis, affects approximately 55% of individuals”
BackgroundInfluentialHall, M. E., Cohen, J. B., Ard, J. D., Egan, B. M., Hall, J. E., Lavie, C. J., Ma, J., Ndumele, C. E., Schauer, P. R., & Shimbo, D. (2021) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/hyp.0000000000000202 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
Immune Dysfunction in Uremia 2020
Cohen, G. (2020) · Toxins · doi:10.3390/toxins12070439 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
“Interactions of the adipose tissue with the kidney (adipo-renal axis) are important for normal kidney function and response to injury [208].”
BackgroundECM formation and degradation during fibrosis, repair, and regeneration
Mayorca‐Guiliani, A. E., Leeming, D. J., Henriksen, K., Mortensen, J. H., Nielsen, S. H., Anstee, Q. M., Sanyal, A. J., Karsdal, M. A., & Schuppan, D. (2025) · npj Metabolic Health and Disease · doi:10.1038/s44324-025-00063-4 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
“Fibrotic progression in WAT is correlated with higher risks of infection 276 , cancer (including breast, uterus, ovaries, colon, stomach, esophagus, rectum, liver, pancreas, kidney, meninges, and blood), metabolic, kidney, cardiovascular, and psychiatric disease.”
InfluentialAssociation of metabolic syndrome and chronic kidney disease
Scurt, F. G., Ganz, M. J., Herzog, C., Bose, K., Mertens, P. R., & Chatzikyrkou, C. (2024) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.13649 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Metabolic syndrome-related kidney injury: a review and update
Lin, L., Tan, W., Pan, X., Tian, E., Wu, Z., & Yang, J. (2022) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.904001 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Obesity: A neuroimmunometabolic perspective
Larabee, C. M., Neely, O. C., & Domingos, A. I. (2020) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/s41574-019-0283-6 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Angiotensin-(1-7), Adipokines and Inflammation.
Lelis, D. D. F., de Freitas, D. F., Machado, A. S., Crespo, T. S., & Santos, S. (2019) · Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2019.03.006 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Docherty, N. G., & le Roux, C. W. (2020) · Nature Reviews Nephrology · doi:10.1038/s41581-020-0323-4 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Amorim, R. G., Guedes, G. D. S., Vasconcelos, S. M. D. L., & Santos, J. C. D. F. (2019) · Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia · doi:10.5935/abc.20190077 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Suppressing adipocyte inflammation promotes insulin resistance in mice
Zhu, Q., An, Y., Kim, M., Zhang, Z., Zhao, S., Zhu, Y., Asterholm, I. W., Kusminski, C. M., & Scherer, P. E. (2020) · Molecular Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101010 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
“In fat depots, approximately 20e40% of all cells consist of adipocytes, while the rest are composed of preadipocytes, endothelial cells, and many immune cells taking part in both the innate and adaptive immune systems [14].”
BackgroundSelf-citationAdipocyte mesenchymal transition contributes to mammary tumor progression
Zhu, Q., Zhu, Y., Hepler, C., Zhang, Q., Park, J., Gliniak, C. M., Henry, G. H., Crewe, C., Bu, D., Zhang, Z., et al. (2022) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111362 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
“These are cells with enhanced catabolism, in which “lipid-storing” white adipocytes are replaced by “lipid-burning” beige adipocytes (Kajimura et al., 2015; Singh et al., 2016; Zhu and Scherer, 2018).”
Self-citationOrgan System Crosstalk in Cardiometabolic Disease in the Age of Multimorbidity
Oishi, Y., & Manabe, I. (2020) · Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.3389/fcvm.2020.00064 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Obesity-related kidney disease: Beyond hypertension and insulin-resistance
Arabi, T. Z., Shafqat, A., Sabbah, B. N., Ashraf, N., Shah, H., Abdulkader, H. S., Razak, A., Sabbah, A. N., & Arabi, Z. (2023) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.1095211 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
“While diabetes and hypertension are significant contributors to obesity-related CKD, recent decades of research have shown that adipocytes are potent endocrine cells, releasing adipokines which exert direct pathologic effects on the kidney (17).”
InfluentialChen, X., Han, Y., Gao, P., Yang, M., Xiao, L., Xiong, X., Zhao, H., Tang, C., Chen, G., Zhu, X., et al. (2019) · Kidney International · doi:10.1016/j.kint.2018.10.038 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Huang, N., Mao, E.-W., Hou, N., Liu, Y., Han, F., & Sun, X. (2020) · World Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.4239/wjd.v11.i4.115 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Mechanisms and treatment of obesity-related hypertension—Part 1: Mechanisms
Parvanova, A. I., Reseghetti, E., Abbate, M., & Ruggenenti, P. L. (2023) · Clinical Kidney Journal · doi:10.1093/ckj/sfad282 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
“Moreover, perirenal/sinus fat produces adipocytokines such as leptin, resistin, IL-1 β , IL-6, TNF-α , etc., which may also contribute to obesity-related hypertension by stimulating inflammatory processes and by activating the SNS and the RAAS [65 –68 ].”
BackgroundCzaja-Stolc, S., Potrykus, M., Stankiewicz, M., Kaska, Ł., & Małgorzewicz, S. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14071457 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
“Leptin increases the expression of the transforming growth factor-β 1 (TGF-β1) gene and other fibrotic factors, such as collagen IV and fibronectin, which stimulate the proliferation of mesangial cells in the kidneys [55].”
BackgroundMitochondrial regulation and white adipose tissue homeostasis
Zhu, Q., An, Y., & Scherer, P. E. (2021) · Trends in Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/j.tcb.2021.10.008 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Self-citationPartial leptin deficiency confers resistance to diet-induced obesity in mice
Zhao, S., Li, N., Zhu, Y., Straub, L. G., Zhang, Z., Wang, M.-Y., Zhu, Q., Kusminski, C. M., Elmquist, J. K., & Scherer, P. E. (2020) · Molecular Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2020.100995 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
“Based on these observations, we propose that limiting the rise in leptin levels under obesogenic conditions exerts beneficial effects on energy homeostasis [45].”
BackgroundSelf-citationArmutçu, F. (2019) · Inflammation Research · doi:10.1007/s00011-019-01271-7 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Adipocyte dedifferentiation in health and diseases
Song, T., & Kuang, S. (2019) · Clinical Science · doi:10.1042/cs20190128 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
“Leptin, for example, is known for its role on satiety sensation by the central nervous system (CNS), which in turn suppresses food intake and promotes lipolysis [27].”
BackgroundKidney Damage Caused by Obesity and Its Feasible Treatment Drugs
Wang, M., Wang, Z., Chen, Y., & Dong, Y. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23020747 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
“Large amounts of lipid accumulation lead to lipotoxicity, where short-chain fatty acids rely on a passive diffusion of CD36, and fatty acids transport proteins to enter the cell [93], while long-chain fatty acids can only enter the cell through CD36 [94].”
BackgroundUnderlying Mechanisms of Renal Lipotoxicity in Obesity
Escasany, E., Izquierdo‐Lahuerta, A., & Medina‐Gómez, G. (2019) · The Nephron journals/Nephron journals · doi:10.1159/000494694 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Role of the adaptive immune system in diabetic kidney disease
Kong, L., Andrikopoulos, S., MacIsaac, R. J., Mackay, L. K., Nikolic‐Paterson, D. J., Torkamani, N., Zafari, N., Marin, E. C. S., & Ekinci, E. I. (2021) · Journal of Diabetes Investigation · doi:10.1111/jdi.13725 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Metabolic syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus: the connection
Mok, C. C. (2019) · Expert Review of Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1080/1744666x.2019.1620601 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
From Obesity to Chronic Kidney Disease: How Can Adipose Tissue Affect Renal Function?
Martín-Taboada, M., Vila‐Bedmar, R., & Medina‐Gómez, G. (2021) · The Nephron journals/Nephron journals · doi:10.1159/000515418 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
An Overview of Chronic Kidney Disease Pathophysiology: The Impact of Gut Dysbiosis and Oral Disease
Altamura, S., Pietropaoli, D., Lombardi, F., Pinto, R. D., & Ferri, C. (2023) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines11113033 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
“Pharmacological interventions that modulate adipose tissue function have demonstrated kidney-protective effects in models of CKD and diabetic nephropathy [123].”
BackgroundBlood Flow Restriction Training Blunts Chronic Kidney Disease Progression in Humans
Corrêa, H. D. L., Neves, R. V. P., Deus, L. A., Souza, M. K., Haro, A. S., Costa, F., Silva, V. L., Santos, C. A. R., Moraes, M. R., Simões, H. G., et al. (2020) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000002465 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Renal lipotoxicity: Insights from experimental models
de Castro, B. B. A., Foresto‐Neto, O., Câmara, N. O. S., & Sanders‐Pinheiro, H. (2021) · Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology · doi:10.1111/1440-1681.13556 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Elevated CCL2 causes Leydig cell malfunction in metabolic syndrome
Jiang, Q., Maresch, C. C., Petry, S. F., Paradowska‐Dogan, A., Bhushan, S., Chang, Y., Wrenzycki, C., Schuppe, H.-C., Houska, P., Hartmann, M. F., et al. (2020) · JCI Insight · doi:10.1172/jci.insight.134882 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Obesity and risk of end-stage renal disease in patients with chronic kidney disease: a cohort study
Lin, T., Liu, J., & Hung, S. (2018) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqy200 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Lubojemska, A., Stefana, M. I., Sorge, S., Bailey, A. P., Lampe, L., Yoshimura, A., Burrell, A., Collinson, L., & Gould, A. P. (2021) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.3001230 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
“For example, the adipo-renal axis is deregulated such that an altered blend of adipokines and other adipose-derived factors produces renal inflammation, fibrosis, and oxidative stress, leading to defective glomerular filtration and proteinuria [7,8].”
BackgroundCheng, Z., Xiong, X., Zhou, Y., Wu, F., Shao, Q., Dong, R., Liu, Q., Li, L., & Chen, G. (2021) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112491 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Korczyńska, J., Czumaj, A., Chmielewski, M. S., Świerczyński, J., & Śledziński, T. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22094685 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
“This, in turn, resulted in increased migration of endothelial cells and increased monolayer permeability, which ultimately resulted in ED [9,87].”
BackgroundInfluentialFOXO1 regulates the formation of bovine fat by targeting CD36 and STEAP4
Song, Y., Zhang, J., Jiang, C. Q., Song, X., Wu, H., Zhang, J., Raza, S. H. A., Zhang, L., Zhang, L., Cai, B., et al. (2023) · International Journal of Biological Macromolecules · doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126025 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Adipose Tissue Metabolic Function and Dysfunction: Impact of Burn Injury
Kaur, S., Auger, C., & Jeschke, M. G. (2020) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2020.599576 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
“Several recent reviews have detailed the role of adipose tissue in preventing lipotoxicity and metabolic dysfunction in healthy versus obese individuals (Boura-Halfon and Zick, 2009; Virtue and Vidal-Puig, 2010; Nielsen et al., 2014; Fasshauer and Bluher, 2015; Zhu and Scherer, 2018; Ghaben and Scherer, 2019).”
BackgroundGuo, Z., Yang, H., Zhang, J., Zeng, W., & Hu, X. (2022) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.abo3064 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Prebiotic prevents impaired kidney and renal Oat3 functions in obese rats
Wanchai, K., Yasom, S., Tunapong, W., Chunchai, T., Thiennimitr, P., Chaiyasut, C., Pongchaidecha, A., Chatsudthipong, V., Chattipakorn, S. C., Chattipakorn, N., et al. (2018) · Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/joe-17-0471 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Interorgan communication networks in the kidney–lung axis
Komaru, Y., Bai, Y. Z., Kreisel, D., & Herrlich, A. (2023) · Nature Reviews Nephrology · doi:10.1038/s41581-023-00760-7 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
From fat to filter: the effect of adipose tissue-derived signals on kidney function
Ahmed, N., Dalmasso, C., Turner, M. B., Arthur, G., Cincinelli, C., & Loria, A. S. (2025) · Nature Reviews Nephrology · doi:10.1038/s41581-025-00950-5 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
“The dysregulated adi-pokine production in WAT also accelerates cellular senescence, which further exacerbates inflammation and the production of adipokines and adipocytokines, worsening endothelial dysfunction, podocyte injury and renal fibrosis 16,21,23,60 (Figs.”
Mehanna, E. T., Barakat, B. M., El-Sayed, M. H., & Tawfik, M. K. (2018) · European Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.05.028 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Bamba, R., Okamura, T., Hashimoto, Y., Hamaguchi, M., Obora, A., Kojima, T., & Fukui, M. (2020) · Kidney & Blood Pressure Research · doi:10.1159/000506461 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Wu, C. W., Wang, Y., Li, G., & Wang, L. (2018) · BMC Nephrology · doi:10.1186/s12882-018-1164-2 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Shao, J., Wang, M., Zhang, A., Liu, Z., Jiang, G., Tang, T., Wang, J., Jia, X., & Lai, S. (2023) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-023-04899-1 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Mechanism of Acupuncture in Treating Obesity: Advances and Prospects
Wang, M., Zhai, M.-X., Wang, Y.-T., Dai, Q.-F., Liu, L., Zhao, L., Xia, Q., Shen, L., & Li, B. (2024) · The American Journal of Chinese Medicine · doi:10.1142/s0192415x24500010 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Childhood Obesity: Insight into Kidney Involvement
Carullo, N., Zicarelli, M., Michael, A., Faga, T., Battaglia, Y., Pisani, A., Perticone, M., Costa, D., Ielapi, N., Coppolino, G., et al. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms242417400 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“It also has inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties, probably through the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase signaling [91,96].”
Novel Insights in the Physiopathology and Management of Obesity-Related Kidney Disease
Sandino, J., Martín-Taboada, M., Medina‐Gómez, G., Vila‐Bedmar, R., & Morales, E. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14193937 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
“Different studies have drawn attention to the pathophysiological functions of several adipokines, and their contribution to CKD has been extensively reviewed elsewhere [8,11,30].”
BackgroundWang, H., Xu, P., Li, J., Liu, X., Wu, X., Fang, X., Xie, B., Huang, X., Zhou, Z., Kayoumu, A., et al. (2018) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00180.2018 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“Adipose tissue is an endocrine organ rather than a mere passive fat depot (39).”
BackgroundYang, F., Duan, M., Zheng, F., Yu, L., Wang, Y., Wang, G., Lin, J., Han, S., Gan, D., Meng, Z., et al. (2021) · Cancer Letters · doi:10.1016/j.canlet.2021.09.024 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Au-Yeung, K. K. W., Shang, Y., Wijerathne, C. U. B., Hewage, S. M., Siow, Y. L., & Karmin, O. (2023) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox12040883 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“Although the liver is an important organ responsible for lipid metabolism, adipose tissue also plays significant roles in body homeostasis by storing lipids as an energy source and releasing adipokine to regulate metabolic functions [57].”
BackgroundNon-Coding RNAs and Adipogenesis
Ru, W., Zhang, S., Liu, J., Liu, W., Huang, B., & Chen, H. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24129978 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“Signaling proteins secreted by white adipose tissue are known as adipokines, including adiponectin, leptin, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin 6 (IL-6), adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (AP2) and so on, which are involved in coordinating the body’s metabolism [5].”
BackgroundDeus, L. A., Corrêa, H. D. L., Neves, R. V. P., Reis, A. L., Honorato, F. S., de Araújo, T. B., Souza, M. K., Haro, A. S., Silva, V. L., Barbosa, J. M. D. S., et al. (2022) · Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/apnm-2021-0409 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Hydrogen Sulfide, Adipose Tissue and Diabetes Mellitus
Zhu, L., Yang, B., Ma, D., Wang, L., & Wu, D. (2020) · Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity · doi:10.2147/dmso.s249605 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Than, W. H., Chan, G. C., Ng, J. K., & Szeto, C. (2020) · Advances in Biomarker Sciences and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.abst.2020.09.001 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Pathophysiology of Hypertension
Hall, J. E., Omoto, A. C. M., Wang, Z., Mouton, A. J., Li, X., & Hall, M. E. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-88369-6.00005-0 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Obesity–cancer axis crosstalk: Molecular insights and therapeutic approaches
Rakib, A., Mamun, M. A. A., Mandal, M., Sinha, P., & Singh, U. P. (2025) · Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B · doi:10.1016/j.apsb.2025.04.029 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“Therapies that target glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) may prove effective for the treatment of obesity and T2DM.”
InfluentialChan, C. W., & Lin, B. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15163616 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“Further, our result showed that renal TGF-β1 positively correlated with renal leptin, which is consistent with the mechanism that STAT3 signaling activation by leptin receptor increases renal TGF-β1 production of kidney resident cells during the development of fibrosis [18].”
BackgroundResultInfluentialÖzbek, L., Abdel‐Rahman, S. M., Unlu, S., Güldan, M., Copur, S., Burlacu, A., Covic, A. C., & Kanbay, M. (2024) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina60101668 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“Adiponectin levels decrease with increasing body weight, and decreased levels of adiponectin are associated with increased proteinuria and GFR since adiponectin has insulin-sensitizing, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties [109,110].”
BackgroundDuan, F., Wu, J., Chang, J., Peng, H., Liu, Z., Liu, P., Han, X., Sun, T., Shang, D., Yang, Y., et al. (2024) · Differentiation · doi:10.1016/j.diff.2024.100832 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Adipose Tissue Inflammation: Linking Physiological Stressors to Disease Susceptibility
Bradford, B. J., & Contreras, G. A. (2023) · Annual Review of Animal Biosciences · doi:10.1146/annurev-animal-021122-113212 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Obesity, Weight Gain, and Fluid Overload in Peritoneal Dialysis
Ng, J. K., Than, W. H., & Szeto, C. (2022) · Frontiers in Nephrology · doi:10.3389/fneph.2022.880097 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Wang, Y., Chen, F., Wang, J., Wang, T., Zhang, J., Han, Q., Wu, Y., Zhang, R., & Liu, F. (2018) · Canadian Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.1016/j.jcjd.2018.08.199 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
PAQR4 regulates adipocyte function and systemic metabolic health by mediating ceramide levels
Zhu, Q., Chen, S., Funcke, J., Straub, L. G., Lin, Q., Zhao, S.-G., Joung, C., Zhang, Z.-Z., Kim, D.-S., Li, N., et al. (2024) · Nature Metabolism · doi:10.1038/s42255-024-01078-9 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citationChen, X., Qin, Y., Hu, J., Shen, Y., Mao, Y. J., Xie, L., Li, J., Wang, J., Yang, S., Li, Q., et al. (2024) · Diabetes & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.diabet.2024.101583 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Potential role of adipose tissue and its hormones in burns and critically III patients
Al‐Tarrah, K., Jones, S. W., Moiemen, N. S., & Lord, J. M. (2019) · Burns · doi:10.1016/j.burns.2019.01.012 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Ortega, J. G., Garcia, H., Ordóñez, A. S., & Contreras, B. C. S. (2022) · Biology of Sex Differences · doi:10.1186/s13293-022-00454-y · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“However, it has been proposed that the chronic elevation of blood leptin may be associated with altered signalling of both insulin and leptin [64, 65], dysregulation of lipid metabolism [66], blood pressure, and kidney diseases [67, 68].”
BackgroundCavalheiro, E. K. F. F., Costa, A. B., Salla, D. H., da Silva, M. R., Mendes, T. F., da Silva, L. E., Turatti, C. D. R., de Bitencourt, R. M., & Rezin, G. T. (2021) · Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research · doi:10.1089/can.2021.0016 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“26 WAT is an important endocrine and regulatory organ, 27,28 its impairment reflects the homeostatic imbalance of substances important for energy storage and metabolism, such as leptin, insulin, and ghrelin.”
Pan, J., Yin, J., Gan, L., & Xue, J. (2022) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/obr.13521 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“promotes renal inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis, ultimately impairing renal function.(171,174) However, once CKD occurs, adipose tissue may play a protective role by serving as a “buffer” to sequester uremic toxins and neutralize the harmful effects of some cytokines.”
BackgroundMechanisms of interorgan crosstalk in health and disease
Herrlich, A., Kefaloyianni, E., & Rose‐John, S. (2022) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1002/1873-3468.14313 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Association of weight-adjusted waist index and diabetic kidney disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Ding, Y., Lv, S., Xie, R., Ye, W., Luo, Y., & Li, Y. (2023) · Endocrine Connections · doi:10.1530/ec-23-0491 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“Consequently, a state of healthy obesity characterized by normative adipose immunological and secretory functions may be conducive to the preservation of renal function (49 ), However, the specific mechanism needs further experimental and clinical research.”
BackgroundObesity Facts and Their Influence on Renal Function Across the Life Span
Koch, V. H. K. (2021) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2021.704409 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Role of miR-379 in high-fat diet-induced kidney injury and dysfunction
Abdollahi, M., Kato, M. V., Lanting, L. L., Wang, M., Tunduguru, R., & Natarajan, R. D. (2022) · American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00213.2022 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Chronic kidney disease combined with metabolic syndrome is a non-negligible risk factor
Lin, L., Pan, X., Feng, Y., & Yang, J. (2024) · Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1177/20420188241252309 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Funes, D. A. R., Montorfano, L. M., Blanco, D. G., Cobos, M. S., Menzo, E. L., Szomstein, S., Agrawal, N., & Rosenthal, R. J. (2022) · Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.soard.2022.02.006 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Maimaituxun, G., Fukuda, D., Izaki, H., Hirata, Y., Kanayama, H., Masuzaki, H., Sata, M., & Shimabukuro, M. (2020) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2019.00897 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Zheng, X., Huang, Y., Yang, M., Jin, L., Zhang, X., Zhang, R., Wu, Y., Yan, C., Gao, Y., Zeng, M., et al. (2024) · Nutrition and Diabetes · doi:10.1038/s41387-024-00297-z · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“Because PRAT is anatomically in direct contact with the kidneys and adrenal glands, its presence can lead to various pathological abnormalities when body size increases (including expansion of perirenal adipose tissue) due to obesity or other problems (e.g., diabetes, DKD) [16].”
BackgroundPropionate Induces Energy Expenditure via Browning in Mesenteric Adipose Tissue
Lu, B., Hanyaloglu, A. C., Ma, Y., Frampton, A. E., Limb, C., Merali, N., Pai, M., Ahmed, R., Christian, M., & Frost, G. S. (2025) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgaf280 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Guo, J., Wu, J., Wei, D., Wang, T., Hu, Y., Lin, Y., Chen, M., Yang, L., Wen, Y., Cai, Y., et al. (2022) · Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety · doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113199 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Transcription-Based Multidimensional Regulation of Fatty Acid Metabolism by HIF1α in Renal Tubules
Li, W., Duan, A., Xing, Y., Xu, L., & Yang, J. (2021) · Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.3389/fcell.2021.690079 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“Ceramide was demonstrated to regulate various cellular responses like inflammation and apoptosis and was linked closely with renal dysfunction (Zhu and Scherer, 2017; Huwiler and Pfeilschifter, 2018).”
BackgroundSasso, C. V., Lhamyani, S., Hevilla, F., Padial, M., Blanca, M., Barril, G., Jiménez-Salcedo, T., Martínez, E. S., Nogueira, Á., Lago-Sampedro, A. M., et al. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25021132 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“In addition, it has been described that low levels of leptin are associated with protein energy wasting in people with CKD, hemodialysis and with a worse prognosis [47–49], even though a correlation with the amount of fat mass is maintained [50].”
BackgroundXu, Y., Wang, X. Y., Liu, H., Jin, D., Song, X., Wang, S., Zhou, X., Shi, M., Zheng, C., & Su, X. (2023) · Lipids in Health and Disease · doi:10.1186/s12944-023-01783-6 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Body composition, adipokines, FGF23-Klotho and bone in kidney transplantation: Is there a link?
Matei, A., Bilhă, Ş., Constantinescu, D., Tanasa, M. P., Cianga, P., Covic, A. C., & Brǎnişteanu, D. D. D. (2021) · Journal of Nephrology · doi:10.1007/s40620-021-00972-9 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Visceral Adipose Tissue: A New Target Organ in Virus-Induced Type 1 Diabetes
Zipris, D. (2021) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.702506 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“WAT is the most abundant fat accounting for 5% to 50% of human body weight (107).”
BackgroundInfluentialIntegrating lipidomics and transcriptomics to reveal the heterogeneity of sheep adipose tissues
Kong, Y., Zhang, X., Wang, Z., Li, F., & Yue, X. (2024) · Food Bioscience · doi:10.1016/j.fbio.2024.104393 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Laučytė-Cibulskienė, A., Nilsson, P. M., Engström, G., & Christensson, A. G. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0271638 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“The interaction between adipose and renal tissue, the so called adipo-renal axis, is critical for kidney health [4].”
BackgroundZheng, Z., Chen, J., He, D., Xu, Y., Chen, L., & Zhang, T. (2019) · International Urology and Nephrology · doi:10.1007/s11255-019-02245-8 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Hwang, Y. S., Lim, J., Yoon, H. R., Park, S., Kim, A., Jang, J., Cho, H. J., & Lee, H. G. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25010384 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“Although the regulated activation of macrophages plays an essential role in host defenses against bacterial infections, excessive activation of macrophages causes several inflammation-related diseases, such as asthma and endotoxin-induced multiple-organ injury [13,14].”
BackgroundZhu, L., Ruan, X., Wang, J., Yan, Y., Tang, C., & Xu, Y. (2024) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2024.1442274 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“…and progression of MetS-related CKD. Adipose tissue dysfunction and aberrant secretion and release of adipokines and inflammatory cytokines in MetS may induce systemic chronic low-grade inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction, resulting in renal injury and dysfunction (12, 36).”
BackgroundAdipolin protects against renal injury via PPARα-dependent reduction of inflammasome activation
Fang, L., Ohashi, K., Hayakawa, S., Ogawa, H., Otaka, N., Kawanishi, H., Takikawa, T., Ozaki, Y., Takahara, K., Tatsumi, M., et al. (2023) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2023.106591 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Hua, Y., Krupp, D., Esche, J., & Remer, T. (2018) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/nqy379 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Inflammatory mediators in the adipo-renal axis: leptin, adiponectin, and soluble ICAM-1
Hua, Y., Herder, C., Kalhoff, H., Buyken, A. E., Esche, J., Krupp, D., Wudy, S. A., & Remer, T. (2020) · American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00257.2020 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Role of Inflammatory Cytokines in Obese and Nonobese Diabetic Children
Abdelhamid, E. R., Kamhawy, A. H., Ahmed, H. H., Shady, M. M. A., Eladawy, R., Megawer, A. S., & Amrousy, Y. M. (2020) · Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.3889/oamjms.2020.4982 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“which explained this as obesity is associated with hyperleptinemia, which contributes to a decline in eGFR and pathological processes [43].”
Background
- Authors
- Zhu, Q., & Scherer, P. E.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Scherer, Philipp E.
- Venue
- Nature Reviews Nephrology
- Published
- 2017-12-04
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 105-120
- ISSN
- 1745-8323 (ISSN-L)
- 1759-5061
- 1759-507X
- OpenAlex
- W2775650155
- Cited by
- 200
- References
- 222
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 9
- FWCI
- 1.70
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Reviews Nephrology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Disease and Adiposity
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Keywords
- adipose tissue, adipokines, chronic kidney disease, obesity, type 2 diabetes, organ crosstalk, free fatty acids, sphingolipids, kidney injury, metabolic homeostasis
- MeSH terms
- Adipose Tissue, Angiotensin II, Angiotensinogen, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Humans, Inflammation, Kidney Diseases, Macrophages, Obesity, Signal Transduction, Leptin, Adiponectin, Adipokines, Receptors, Adiponectin, AMP-Activated Protein Kinases, Ceramidases
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
