Cited by 240Immune Response and InflammationImmunotherapy and Immune ResponsesImmune responses and vaccinations

Sweeten PAMPs: Role of sugar complexed PAMPs in innate immunity and vaccine biology

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Mahla, Ranjeet Singh·2013·Frontiers in Immunology

Abstract

Innate sensors play a critical role in the early innate immune responses to invading pathogens through sensing of diverse biochemical signatures also known as pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). These biochemical signatures primarily consist of a major family of biomolecules such as proteins, lipids, nitrogen bases, and sugar and its complexes, which are distinct from host molecules and exclusively expressed in pathogens and essential to their survival. The family of sensors known as pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are germ-line encoded, evolutionarily conserved molecules, and consist of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs), NOD-like receptors (NLRs), C-type lectin-like receptors (CLRs), and DNA sensors. Sensing of PAMP by PRR initiates the cascade of signaling leading to the activation of transcription factors, such as NF-κB and interferon regulatory factors (IRFs), resulting in a variety of cellular responses, including the production of interferons (IFNs) and pro-inflammatory cytokines. In this review, we discuss sensing of different types of glycosylated PAMPs such as β-glucan (a polymeric sugar) or lipopolysaccharides, nucleic acid, and so on (sugar complex PAMPs) by different families of sensors, its role in pathogenesis, and its application in development of potential vaccine and vaccine adjuvants.

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Crossref · 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00248

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Authors
Mahla, R. S.
Affiliations
Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal (IN)
Corresponding author
Mahla, Ranjeet Singh
Venue
Frontiers in Immunology
Published
2013
Volume
4
Pages
248-248
ISSN
1664-3224 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2045475619
Cited by
239
References
205
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 34 · 2019: 34 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 1
FWCI
0.44
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by
Locations
  • Frontiers in Immunology (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
  • Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India (SR/S2/RJN-55/2009, BT/PR6009/GBD/27/382/2012)
  • Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune responses and vaccinations
Keywords
pathogen-associated molecular patterns, innate immunity, pattern recognition receptors, Toll-like receptors, RIG-I-like receptors, NOD-like receptors, C-type lectin-like receptors, DNA biosensor, β-glucan, lipopolysaccharide, vaccine adjuvants, vaccine development, interferon signaling, NF-κB, inflammatory cytokines

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